Exploring the low-mass regime of galaxy-scale strong lensing: Insights into the mass structure of cluster galaxies

Abstract

We aim at a direct measurement of the compactness of three galaxy-scale lenses in massive clusters, testing the accuracy of the scaling laws that describe the members in strong lensing (SL) models of galaxy clusters. We selected the multiply imaged sources MACS J0416.1$-$2403 ID14 ($z=3.221$), MACS J0416.1$-$2403 ID16 ($z=2.095$), and MACS J1206.2$-$0847 ID14 ($z=3.753$). Eight images were observed for the first SL system, and six for the latter two. We focused on the main deflector of each galaxy-scale SL system (identified as members 8971, 8785, and 3910, respectively), and modelled its total mass distribution with a truncated isothermal sphere. We accounted for the lensing effects of the remaining cluster components, and included the uncertainty on the cluster-scale mass distribution through a bootstrapping procedure. We measured a truncation radius value of $6.1_{-1.1}^{+2.3}\mathrm{kpc}$, $4.0_{-0.4}^{+0.6}\mathrm{kpc}$, and $5.2_{-1.1}^{+1.3}\mathrm{kpc}$ for members 8971, 8785, and 3910, respectively. Alternative non-truncated models with a higher number of free parameters do not lead to an improved description of the SL system. We measured the stellar-to-total mass fraction within the effective radius $R_e$ for the three members, finding $0.51\pm 0.21$, $1.0\pm 0.4$, and $0.39\pm 0.16$, respectively. We find that a parameterisation of the properties of cluster galaxies in SL models based on power-law scaling relations with respect to the total luminosity cannot accurately describe their compactness over their full total mass range. Our results agree with modelling of the cluster members based on the Fundamental Plane relation. Finally, we report good agreement between our values of the stellar-to-total mass fraction within $R_e$ and those of early-type galaxies from the SLACS Survey. Our work significantly extends the regime of the current samples of lens galaxies.

Astronomy & Astrophysics, 679, A124 (2023), 15 pages, 12 figures, 8 tables

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