The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. I. A Large Spectroscopically Selected Sample of Massive Early-Type Lens Galaxies

Abstract

The Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) Survey is an efficient Hubble Space Telescope Snapshot imaging survey for new galaxy-scale strong gravitational lenses. The targeted lens candidates are selected spectroscopically from within the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) database of galaxy spectra for having multiple nebular emission lines at a redshift significantly higher than that of the SDSS target galaxy. In this paper, we present a catalog of 19 newly discovered gravitational lenses, along with 9 other observed candidate systems that are either possible lenses, non-lenses, or non-detections. The survey efficiency is thus >=68%. We also present Gemini and Magellan IFU data for 9 of the SLACS targets, which further support the lensing interpretation. A new method for the effective subtraction of foreground galaxy images to reveal faint background features is presented. We show that the SLACS lens galaxies have colors and ellipticities typical of the spectroscopic parent sample from which they are drawn (SDSS luminous red galaxies and quiescent main-sample galaxies), but are somewhat brighter and more centrally concentrated. Several explanations for the latter bias are suggested. The SLACS survey provides the first statistically significant and homogeneously selected sample of bright early-type lens galaxies, furnishing a powerful probe of the structure of early-type galaxies within the half-light radius. The high confirmation rate of lenses in the SLACS survey suggests consideration of spectroscopic lens discovery as an explicit science goal of future spectroscopic galaxy surveys (abridged).

ApJ, in press. 20 pages, numerous figures, uses emulateapj. Replaced to include full-resolution spectro figures. Version with full-resolution imaging figures available at http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~abolton/slacs1_hires.pdf (PDF) or at http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~abolton/slacs1_hires.ps.gz (PS). Additional SLACS survey info at http://www.slacs.org

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• Cosmography using strong lensing systems and cosmic chronometers
• Serendipitous discovery of a strong-lensed galaxy in integral field spectroscopy from MUSE
• Exploiting the diversity of modeling methods to probe systematic biases in strong lensing analyses
• SEAGLE--III: Towards resolving the mismatch in the dark-matter fraction in early-type galaxies between simulations and observations
• Galaxy-scale gravitational lens candidates from the Hyper Suprime-Cam imaging survey and the Galaxy And Mass Assembly spectroscopic survey
• A Comparative Study of Convolutional Neural Networks for the Detection of Strong Gravitational Lensing
• Enhanced lensing rate by clustering of massive galaxies: newly discovered systems in the SLACS fields
• SDSS J1640+1932: a spectacular galaxy-quasar strong lens system
• Interlopers speak out: studying the dark universe using small-scale lensing anisotropies
• The dark matter halo concentration and stellar initial mass function of a CASSOWARY group
• Comparing Lensing and Stellar Orbital Models of a Nearby Massive Strong-Lens Galaxy
• Density profile, velocity anisotropy and line-of-sight external convergence of SLACS gravitational lenses
• Strong lens search in the ESO public Survey KiDS
• El Gordo needs El Anzuelo: Probing the structure of cluster members with multi-band extended arcs in JWST data
• Galaxy Spectra Networks (GaSNet). III. Generative pre-trained network for spectrum reconstruction, redshift estimate and anomaly detection
• The Observable Supernova Rate in Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing Systems with the TESS Satellite
• MaNGA DynPop -- VI. Matter density slopes from dynamical models of 6000 galaxies versus cosmological simulations: the interplay between baryonic and dark matter
• A targeted search for strongly lensed supernovae with the Las Cumbres Observatory
• Anisotropic strong lensing as a probe of dark matter self-interactions
• Photometric redshift estimation of strongly lensed galaxies
• Mass Reconstruction of Galaxy-scale Strong Gravitational Lenses Using a Broken Power-law Model
• Exotic Image Formation in Strong Gravitational Lensing by Clusters of Galaxies -- IV. Elliptical NFW Lenses and Hyperbolic Umbilics
• Do gravitational lens galaxies have an excess of luminous substructure?
• A Lensing View On The Fundamental Plane
• Strong gravitational lensing by AGNs as a probe of the quasar-host relations in the distant Universe
• Quasi-Stellar Objects acting as potential Strong Gravitational Lenses in the SDSS-III BOSS survey
• A multi-wavelength study of the gravitational lens COSMOS J095930+023427
• DESI-253.2534+26.8843: A New Einstein Cross Spectroscopically Confirmed with VLT/MUSE and Modeled with GIGA-Lens
• The galaxy counterpart and environment of the dusty Damped Lyman-alpha Absorber at z=2.226 towards Q1218+0832
• Cosmological application of the lens-redshift probability distribution with improved galaxy-scale gravitational lensing sample
• The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar and APOGEE-2 Data
• MNELLS: The MUSE Nearby Early-Type Galaxy Lens Locator Survey
• Global Optimization methods for Gravitational Lens Systems with Regularized Sources
• Field equations and particle motion in covariant emergent gravity
• On rates of supernovae strongly lensed by galactic haloes in Millennium Simulation
• The Effective Cross-sections of a Lensing-galaxy: Singular Isothermal Sphere with External Shear
• Modeling Strong Lenses from Wide-Field Ground-Based Observations in KiDS and GAMA
• The COSMOS-Web Lens Survey (COWLS) II: depth, resolution, and NIR coverage from JWST reveal 17 spectacular lenses
• A forward-modelling method to infer the dark matter particle mass from strong gravitational lenses
• Peculiar velocity effects on the Hubble constant from time-delay cosmography
• Simulation-guided galaxy evolution inference: A case study with strong lensing galaxies
• HOLISMOKES XV. Search for strong gravitational lenses combining ground-based and space-based imaging
• The SLACS strong lens sample, debiased. II. Lensing-only constraints on the stellar IMF and dark matter contraction in early-type galaxies
• JWSTs PEARLS: NIRCam imaging and NIRISS spectroscopy of a $z=3.6$ star-forming galaxy lensed into a near-Einstein Ring by a $z=1.258$ massive elliptical galaxy
• CASCO: Cosmological and AStrophysical parameters from Cosmological simulations and Observations -- II. Constraining cosmology and astrophysical processes with early- and late-type galaxies
• Mapping the distribution of luminous and dark matter in strong lensing galaxies
• Deep Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey (DEVILS): DR1 Blended Spectra Search for Candidate Strong Gravitational Lenses
• Dark from light (DfL): Inferring halo properties from luminous tracers with machine learning trained on cosmological simulations. I. Method, proof of concept & preliminary testing
• A new strategy for matching observed and simulated lensing galaxies
• A Search for Radio Gravitational Lenses, Using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Very Large Array
• Searching for strong lensing by late-type galaxies in UNIONS
• A Search for Lensed Lyman-Alpha Emitters within the Early HETDEX Data Set
• Virial masses of late type galaxies from the SDSS DR16
• Multi-wavelength probes of distant lensed galaxies
• Strong lensing cross sections for isothermal models - I. Finite source effects in the circular case
• Analysis of luminosity distributions and shape parameters of strong gravitational lensing elliptical galaxies
• Is the Optically Unidentified Radio Source, FIRST J121839.7+295325, a Dark Lens?
• Line-of-sight effects on double source plane lenses
• Analytic Solutions for Navarro--Frenk--White Lens Models for Low Characteristic Convergences
• LenNet: Direct Detection and Localization of Strong Gravitational Lenses in Wide-Field Sky Survey Images
• Lenses In VoicE (LIVE): Searching for strong gravitational lenses in the VOICE@VST survey using Convolutional Neural Networks
• Using Strong Lensing to Detect Subhalos with Steep Inner Density Profiles
• Detecting the hidden population of low-mass haloes in strong lenses
• The catalogue of virtual early-type galaxies from IllustrisTNG: validation and real observation consistency
• Galaxy-galaxy strong lens perturbations: line-of-sight haloes versus lens subhaloes
• Search for strong galaxy-galaxy lensing in SDSS-III BOSS
• Cusped Mass Density Profiles and Magnification Ratios of Double Image Gravitational Lenses
• Investigating the relation between environment and internal structure of massive elliptical galaxies using strong lensing
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: A Catalogue of Spectroscopically Detected Strong Galaxy-Galaxy Lens Candidates
• SHARP VIII: J0924+0219 lens mass distribution and time-delay prediction through adaptive-optics imaging
• Detecting low-mass haloes with strong gravitational lensing I: the effect of data quality and lensing configuration
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly: A Comparison between Galaxy-Galaxy Lens Searches in KiDS/GAMA
• Enhancing Gravitational Lens Study with Deep Learning: A Study on Effects of Dropout Regularization
• Spheroids scaling relations over cosmic time
• Blowing Star Formation Away in AGN Hosts (BAH) -- III. Serendipitous discovery of a $z\sim 2.9$ star-forming galaxy lensed by the galactic bulge of CGCG 012-070 using JWST NIRSpec
• Constraints on dark and visible mass in galaxies from strong gravitational lensing
• Most Strong Lensing Deflectors in the AGEL Survey Are in Group and Cluster Environments
• Testing General Relativity on Galactic Scales via DESI-BAO and Strong Lensing: Circumventing Assumptions on the Hubble Constant, Sound Horizon, and Dark Energy