The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. XIII. Discovery of 40 New Galaxy-Scale Strong Lenses

Abstract

We present the full sample of 118 galaxy-scale strong-lens candidates in the Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) Survey for the Masses (S4TM) Survey, which are spectroscopically selected from the final data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Follow-up Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging observations confirm that 40 candidates are definite strong lenses with multiple lensed images. The foreground lens galaxies are found to be early-type galaxies (ETGs) at redshifts 0.06 to 0.44, and background sources are emission-line galaxies at redshifts 0.22 to 1.29. As an extension of the SLACS Survey, the S4TM Survey is the first attempt to preferentially search for strong-lens systems with relatively lower lens masses than those in the pre-existing strong-lens samples. By fitting HST data with a singular isothermal ellipsoid model, we find total projected mass within the Einstein radius of the S4TM strong-lens sample ranges from $3\times 10^{10}{M}_{\odot }$ to $2\times 10^{11}{M}_{\odot }$. In [Shu15], we have derived the total stellar mass of the S4TM lenses to be $5\times 10^{10}{M}_{\odot }$ to $1\times 10^{12}{M}_{\odot }$. Both total enclosed mass and stellar mass of the S4TM lenses are on average almost a factor of 2 smaller than those of the SLACS lenses, which also represent typical mass scales of the current strong-lens samples. The extended mass coverage provided by the S4TM sample can enable a direct test, with the aid of strong lensing, for transitions in scaling relations, kinematic properties, mass structure, and dark-matter content trends of ETGs at intermediate-mass scales as noted in previous studies.

13 pages, 3 figures, very minor edits to match the ApJ-published version

References in corpus (16)

• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. V. The Full ACS Strong-Lens Sample
• The Structure & Dynamics of Massive Early-type Galaxies: On Homology, Isothermality and Isotropy inside one Effective Radius
• Bayesian Strong Gravitational-Lens Modeling on Adaptive Grids: Objective Detection of Mass Substructure in Galaxies
• A complete sample of twelve very X-ray luminous galaxy clusters at z>0.5
• Observational Tests of Modified Gravity
• Curvature in the scaling relations of early-type galaxies
• First catalog of strong lens candidates in the COSMOS field
• The Herschel-ATLAS: a sample of 500μm-selected lensed galaxies over 600 square degrees
• The SL2S Galaxy-scale Lens Sample. II. Cosmic evolution of dark and luminous mass in early-type galaxies
• RingFinder: automated detection of galaxy-scale gravitational lenses in ground-based multi-filter imaging data
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. XII. Extending Strong Lensing to Lower Masses
• The BOSS Emission-Line Lens Survey. IV. : Smooth Lens Models for the BELLS GALLERY Sample
• Super-resolving distant galaxies with gravitational telescopes: Keck-LGSAO and Hubble imaging of the lens system SDSSJ0737+3216
• Constraint on the Post-Newtonian Parameter gamma on Galactic Size Scales
• Discovery of a Very Bright and Intrinsically Very Luminous, Strongly Lensed Lyα Emitting Galaxy at z = 2.82 in the BOSS Emission-Line Lens Survey
• Revisiting the screening mechanism in $f(R)$ gravity

Cited by in corpus (77)

• Dark matter halos of massive elliptical galaxies at $z\sim 0.2$ are well described by the Navarro-Frenk-White profile
• LinKS: Discovering galaxy-scale strong lenses in the Kilo-Degree Survey using Convolutional Neural Networks
• Discovering New Strong Gravitational Lenses in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys
• New high-quality strong lens candidates with deep learning in the Kilo Degree Survey
• HOLISMOKES. VI. New galaxy-scale strong lens candidates from the HSC-SSP imaging survey
• HOLISMOKES. VIII. High-redshift, strong-lens search in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program
• Strong gravitational lensing and microlensing of supernovae
• Automated galaxy-galaxy strong lens modelling: no lens left behind
• The use of convolutional neural networks for modelling large optically-selected strong galaxy-lens samples
• Deep Learning for Strong Lensing Search: Tests of the Convolutional Neural Networks and New Candidates from KiDS DR3
• HOLISMOKES -- IV. Efficient mass modeling of strong lenses through deep learning
• Early-type galaxy density profiles from IllustrisTNG: II. Evolutionary trend of the total density profile
• GIGA-Lens: Fast Bayesian Inference for Strong Gravitational Lens Modeling
• Hubble Asteroid Hunter: II. Identifying strong gravitational lenses in HST images with crowdsourcing
• Using wavelets to capture deviations from smoothness in galaxy-scale strong lenses
• The velocity dispersion function of early-type galaxies and its redshift evolution: the newest results from lens redshift test
• Systematic errors induced by the elliptical power-law model in galaxy-galaxy strong lens modeling
• LensWatch: I. Resolved HST Observations and Constraints on the Strongly-Lensed Type Ia Supernova 2022qmx ("SN Zwicky")
• Strong lens modelling: comparing and combining Bayesian neural networks and parametric profile fitting
• Detecting gravitational lenses using machine learning: exploring interpretability and sensitivity to rare lensing configurations
• Galaxy-Scale Test of General Relativity with Strong Gravitational Lensing
• Consistency testing for invariance of the speed of light at different redshifts: the newest results from strong lensing and type Ia supernovae observations
• Model-independent Estimations for the Cosmic Curvature from the Latest Strong Gravitational Lensing Systems
• Cosmological model-independent measurement of cosmic curvature using distance sum rule with the help of gravitational waves
• New Strong Gravitational Lenses from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys Data Release 9
• Identification of Galaxy-Galaxy Strong Lens Candidates in the DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey Using Machine Learning
• Astronomaly at scale: searching for anomalies amongst 4 million galaxies
• LESSER: A Catalogue of Spectroscopically selected sample of Lyman-$\alpha$ Emitters Lensed By Galaxies
• HOLISMOKES -- IX. Neural network inference of strong-lens parameters and uncertainties from ground-based images
• Probing variation of the fine-structure constant in runaway dilaton models using Strong Gravitational Lensing and Type Ia Supernovae
• HOLISMOKES -- X. Comparison between neural network and semi-automated traditional modeling of strong lenses
• Detection of HI 21 cm emission from a strongly lensed galaxy at z~1.3
• The DES Bright Arcs Survey: Candidate Strongly Lensed Galaxy Systems from the Dark Energy Survey 5,000 Sq. Deg. Footprint
• Constraining Cosmological and Galaxy Parameters using Strong Gravitational Lensing Systems
• LeMoN: Lens Modelling with Neural networks -- I. Automated modelling of strong gravitational lenses with Bayesian Neural Networks
• Strong-lensing source reconstruction with variationally optimised Gaussian processes
• The COSMOS-Web Lens Survey (COWLS) I: Discovery of >100 high redshift strong lenses in contiguous JWST imaging
• On the cosmic distance duality relation and the strong gravitational lens power law density profile
• Direct tests of General Relativity under screening effect with galaxy-scale strong lensing systems
• Constraining a possible time-variation of the speed of light along with the fine-structure constant using strong gravitational lensing and Type Ia supernovae observations
• Strong lensing systems and galaxy cluster observations as probe to the cosmic distance duality relation
• The SLACS strong lens sample, debiased
• TEGLIE: Transformer encoders as strong gravitational lens finders in KiDS
• Probing the dark matter density evolution law with large scale structures
• Retrospective Search for Strongly Lensed Supernovae in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys
• SEAGLE--III: Towards resolving the mismatch in the dark-matter fraction in early-type galaxies between simulations and observations
• A test of the evolution of gas depletion factor in galaxy clusters using strong gravitational lensing systems
• A targeted search for strongly lensed supernovae with the Las Cumbres Observatory
• A search for gravitationally lensed supernovae within the Zwicky Transient Facility public survey
• Probing a scale dependent gravitational slip with galaxy strong lensing systems
• Gravitational lens time-delay as a probe of a possible time variation of the fine-structure constant
• lenscat: a Public and Community-Contributed Catalog of Known Strong Gravitational Lenses
• Testing the coincidence problem with strong gravitational lens, Type Ia supernovae and Hubble parameter observational data
• Gravitational lensing in a universe with matter and a cosmological constant
• Galaxy Spectra neural Networks (GaSNets). I. Searching for strong lens candidates in eBOSS spectra using Deep Learning
• Elliptical multipoles for gravitational lenses
• Pixel-level modelling of group-scale strong lens CASSOWARY 19
• Simulation-guided galaxy evolution inference: A case study with strong lensing galaxies
• New Analysis of Dark Matter in Elliptical Galaxies
• HOLISMOKES XVI: Lens search in HSC-PDR3 with a neural network committee and post-processing for false-positive removal
• Constraining galaxy properties with complete samples of lenses
• Deep Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey (DEVILS): DR1 Blended Spectra Search for Candidate Strong Gravitational Lenses
• A new strategy for matching observed and simulated lensing galaxies
• An investigation of a varying G through Strong Lensing and SNe Ia observations
• Discovery of a Low-mass Strong-lens System in SMACS J0723.3-7327
• Exploring the possible evolution of the mass density power-law index of strong gravitational lenses with a model-independent method
• Revisiting the effect of lens mass models in cosmological applications of strong gravitational lensing
• Investigating the Redshift Evolution of Lensing Galaxy Density Slopes via Model-Independent Distance Ratios
• LenNet: Direct Detection and Localization of Strong Gravitational Lenses in Wide-Field Sky Survey Images
• Lenses In VoicE (LIVE): Searching for strong gravitational lenses in the VOICE@VST survey using Convolutional Neural Networks
• Robustness of Neural Ratio and Posterior Estimators to Distributional Shifts for Population-Level Dark Matter Analysis in Strong Gravitational Lensing
• Gravitational Lensing of Gravitational Waves from Astrophysical Sources: Theory, Detection, and Applications
• Confirming HSC strong lens candidates with DESI Spectroscopy. I. Project overview and first results
• Testing General Relativity on Galactic Scales via DESI-BAO and Strong Lensing: Circumventing Assumptions on the Hubble Constant, Sound Horizon, and Dark Energy
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly: A Comparison between Galaxy-Galaxy Lens Searches in KiDS/GAMA
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: A Catalogue of Spectroscopically Detected Strong Galaxy-Galaxy Lens Candidates
• Single- and double-headed odd radio circles in the LOFAR surveys