HOLISMOKES. VI. New galaxy-scale strong lens candidates from the HSC-SSP imaging survey

Abstract

We have carried out a systematic search for galaxy-scale strong lenses in multiband imaging from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. Our automated pipeline, based on realistic strong-lens simulations, deep neural network classification, and visual inspection, is aimed at efficiently selecting systems with wide image separations (Einstein radii ~1.0-3.0"), intermediate redshift lenses (z ~ 0.4-0.7), and bright arcs for galaxy evolution and cosmology. We classified gri images of all 62.5 million galaxies in HSC Wide with i-band Kron radius >0.8" to avoid strict pre-selections and to prepare for the upcoming era of deep, wide-scale imaging surveys with Euclid and Rubin Observatory. We obtained 206 newly-discovered candidates classified as definite or probable lenses with either spatially-resolved multiple images or extended, distorted arcs. In addition, we found 88 high-quality candidates that were assigned lower confidence in previous HSC searches, and we recovered 173 known systems in the literature. These results demonstrate that, aided by limited human input, deep learning pipelines with false positive rates as low as ~0.01% can be very powerful tools for identifying the rare strong lenses from large catalogs, and can also largely extend the samples found by traditional algorithms. We provide a ranked list of candidates for future spectroscopic confirmation.

5 pages and 4 figures (plus appendix), version published in A&A

References in corpus (23)

• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. V. The Full ACS Strong-Lens Sample
• The Halos of Satellite Galaxies: the Companion of the Massive Elliptical Lens SL2S J08544-0121
• The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey: II. Spectroscopic redshifts and comparisons to color selections of high-redshift galaxies
• First catalog of strong lens candidates in the COSMOS field
• RingFinder: automated detection of galaxy-scale gravitational lenses in ground-based multi-filter imaging data
• LinKS: Discovering galaxy-scale strong lenses in the Kilo-Degree Survey using Convolutional Neural Networks
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. XIII. Discovery of 40 New Galaxy-Scale Strong Lenses
• Discovering New Strong Gravitational Lenses in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys
• Galaxy morphological classification in deep-wide surveys via unsupervised machine learning
• Identifying Strong Lenses with Unsupervised Machine Learning using Convolutional Autoencoder
• HOLISMOKES -- II. Identifying galaxy-scale strong gravitational lenses in Pan-STARRS using convolutional neural networks
• New high-quality strong lens candidates with deep learning in the Kilo Degree Survey
• Survey of Gravitationally-lensed Objects in HSC Imaging (SuGOHI). VI. Crowdsourced lens finding with Space Warps
• HOLISMOKES -- I. Highly Optimised Lensing Investigations of Supernovae, Microlensing Objects, and Kinematics of Ellipticals and Spirals
• Photometric Redshift Estimation with a Convolutional Neural Network: NetZ
• Survey of Gravitationally-lensed Objects in HSC Imaging (SuGOHI). V. Group-to-cluster scale lens search from the HSC-SSP Survey
• Interpreting the strongly lensed supernova iPTF16geu: time delay predictions, microlensing, and lensing rates
• A PCA-based automated finder for galaxy-scale strong lenses
• Survey of Gravitationally-lensed Objects in HSC Imaging (SuGOHI). IV. Lensed quasar search in the HSC survey
• HOLISMOKES -- IV. Efficient mass modeling of strong lenses through deep learning
• Survey of Gravitationally lensed Objects in HSC Imaging (SuGOHI) -- VII. Discovery and Confirmation of Three Strongly Lensed Quasars
• Spin Parity of Spiral Galaxies II: A catalogue of 80k spiral galaxies using big data from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey and deep learning
• A Spectroscopically Confirmed Double Source Plane Lens System in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program

Cited by in corpus (33)

• Mining for Strong Gravitational Lenses with Self-supervised Learning
• Strong gravitational lensing and microlensing of supernovae
• HOLISMOKES. VIII. High-redshift, strong-lens search in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program
• Machine Learning for Observational Cosmology
• Strong Lensing by Galaxies
• Survey of Gravitationally-lensed Objects in HSC Imaging (SuGOHI). VIII. New galaxy-scale lenses from the HSC SSP
• Hubble Asteroid Hunter: I. Identifying asteroid trails in Hubble Space Telescope images
• New Strong Gravitational Lenses from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys Data Release 9
• Streamlined Lensed Quasar Identification in Multiband Images via Ensemble Networks
• Strongly lensed type Ia supernovae as a precise late-universe probe of measuring the Hubble constant and cosmic curvature
• Identification of Galaxy-Galaxy Strong Lens Candidates in the DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey Using Machine Learning
• HOLISMOKES -- IX. Neural network inference of strong-lens parameters and uncertainties from ground-based images
• HOLISMOKES -- X. Comparison between neural network and semi-automated traditional modeling of strong lenses
• Euclid Preparation XXXIII. Characterization of convolutional neural networks for the identification of galaxy-galaxy strong lensing events
• HOLISMOKES -- XI. Evaluation of supervised neural networks for strong-lens searches in ground-based imaging surveys
• A Bayesian Approach to Strong Lens Finding in the Era of Wide-area Surveys
• TEGLIE: Transformer encoders as strong gravitational lens finders in KiDS
• Retrospective Search for Strongly Lensed Supernovae in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys
• HOLISMOKES XIII: Strong-lens candidates at all mass scales and their environments from the Hyper-Suprime Cam and deep learning
• Searching for galaxy-scale strong-lenses in galaxy clusters with deep networks -- I: methodology and network performance
• When Spectral Modeling Meets Convolutional Networks: A Method for Discovering Reionization-era Lensed Quasars in Multi-band Imaging Data
• Photometric redshift estimation of strongly lensed galaxies
• Simulation-guided galaxy evolution inference: A case study with strong lensing galaxies
• HOLISMOKES XV. Search for strong gravitational lenses combining ground-based and space-based imaging
• The revolution in strong lensing discoveries from Euclid
• JWSTs PEARLS: NIRCam imaging and NIRISS spectroscopy of a $z=3.6$ star-forming galaxy lensed into a near-Einstein Ring by a $z=1.258$ massive elliptical galaxy
• Searching for strong lensing by late-type galaxies in UNIONS
• HOLISMOKES XVI: Lens search in HSC-PDR3 with a neural network committee and post-processing for false-positive removal
• Accelerating lensed quasar discovery and modeling with physics-informed variational autoencoders
• Model selection using time-delay lenses
• Confirming HSC strong lens candidates with DESI Spectroscopy. I. Project overview and first results
• Detection of Unresolved Strongly Lensed Supernovae with 7-Dimensional Telescope
• Identification of gravitational lenses obscured by foreground light in the KiDS dataset using U-Nets and ResNets