Strong lensing optical depths in a LCDM universe II: the influence of the stellar mass in galaxies

Abstract

We investigate how strong gravitational lensing in the concordance LCDM cosmology is affected by the stellar mass in galaxies. We extend our previous studies, based on ray-tracing through the Millennium Simulation, by including the stellar components predicted by galaxy formation models. We find that the inclusion of these components greatly enhances the probability for strong lensing compared to a `dark matter only' universe. The identification of the `lenses' associated with strong-lensing events reveals that the stellar mass of galaxies (i) significantly enhances the strong-lensing cross-sections of group and cluster halos, and (ii) gives rise to strong lensing in smaller halos, which would not produce noticeable effects in the absence of the stars. Even if we consider only image splittings >10 arcsec, the luminous matter can enhance the strong-lensing optical depths by up to a factor of 2.

arXiv commentpublished in MNRAS

References in corpus (64)

• Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Three Year Results: Implications for Cosmology
• Simulating the joint evolution of quasars, galaxies and their large-scale distribution
• The many lives of active galactic nuclei: cooling flows, black holes and the luminosities and colours of galaxies
• Populating a cluster of galaxies - I. Results at z=0
• A direct empirical proof of the existence of dark matter
• The hierarchical formation of the brightest cluster galaxies
• The size distribution of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• The formation history of elliptical galaxies
• Response of dark matter halos to condensation of baryons: cosmological simulations and improved adiabatic contraction model
• The SDSS Quasar Survey: Quasar Luminosity Function from Data Release Three
• Galaxy halo masses and satellite fractions from galaxy-galaxy lensing in the SDSS: stellar mass, luminosity, morphology, and environment dependencies
• The 2dF QSO Redshift Survey - XII. The spectroscopic catalogue and luminosity function
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. I. A Large Spectroscopically Selected Sample of Massive Early-Type Lens Galaxies
• Strong size evolution of the most massive galaxies since z~2
• The size evolution of galaxies since z~3: combining SDSS, GEMS and FIRES
• Very weak lensing in the CFHTLS Wide: Cosmology from cosmic shear in the linear regime
• The Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey: I. Source selection and observations
• Dark matter maps reveal cosmic scaffolding
• Strong Lensing Analysis of A1689 from Deep Advanced Camera Images
• Ray Tracing Simulations of Weak Lensing by Large-Scale Structure
• GaBoDS: The Garching-Bonn Deep Survey; IV. Methods for the Image reduction of multi-chip Cameras
• COSMOS: 3D weak lensing and the growth of structure
• First cosmic shear results from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Wide Synoptic Legacy Survey
• Density profiles of galaxy groups and clusters from SDSS galaxy-galaxy weak lensing
• The 2dF-SDSS LRG and QSO Survey: The z<2.1 Quasar Luminosity Function from 5645 Quasars to g=21.85
• Cosmological Constraints From the 100 Square Degree Weak Lensing Survey
• The influence of baryons on the clustering of matter and weak lensing surveys
• The CFHTLS Strong Lensing Legacy Survey: I. Survey overview and T0002 release sample
• Cosmic Shear Analysis with CFHTLS Deep data
• Gravitational Lensing By Spiral Galaxies
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Lens Search. I. Candidate Selection Algorithm
• Strong lensing optical depths in a \LambdaCDM universe
• Parametric Strong Gravitational Lensing Analysis of Abell 1689
• Light Propagation in Arbitrary Spacetimes and the Gravitational Lens Approximation
• The Incidence of Strong-Lensing Clusters in the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey
• Giant Arc Statistics In Concordance With A Concordance LCDM Universe
• Arc Statistics in Triaxial Dark Matter Halos: Testing the Collisionless Cold Dark Matter Paradigm
• Statistics of Giant Arcs in Galaxy Clusters
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Lens Search. II. Statistical Lens Sample from the Third Data Release
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Lens Search. III. Constraints on Dark Energy from the Third Data Release Quasar Lens Catalog
• Effects of cluster galaxies on arc statistics
• The impact of gas physics on strong cluster lensing
• cD galaxy contribution to the strong lensing cross sections of galaxy clusters
• The image separation distribution of strong lenses: Halo versus subhalo populations
• A search for gravitational lensing in 38 X-ray selected clusters of galaxies
• Arc sensitivity to cluster ellipticity, asymmetries and substructures
• Substructure in lensing clusters and simulations
• On the Incidence of Strong Gravitational Lensing by Clusters in the Las Campanas Distant Cluster Survey
• Mass Distributions of HST Galaxy Clusters from Gravitational Arcs
• Effects of Ellipticity and Shear on Gravitational Lens Statistics
• Testing the reliability of weak lensing cluster detections
• Arc Statistics in Clusters: Galaxy Contribution
• GaBoDS: The Garching-Bonn Deep Survey: VII. Probing galaxy bias using weak gravitational lensing
• Inclination Effects in Spiral Galaxy Gravitational Lensing
• Cosmological Parameters from the SDSS DR5 Velocity Dispersion Function of Early-Type Galaxies through Radio-Selected Lens Statistics
• The OLS-lens survey: The discovery of five new galaxy-galaxy strong lenses from the SDSS
• Strong lensing statistics in large, z~<0.2 surveys: bias in the lens galaxy population
• The lensing properties of the Sersic model
• Effects of Disks on Gravitational Lensing by Spiral Galaxies
• The giant arc statistics in the three year WMAP cosmological model
• Caustics, Critical Curves and Cross Sections for Gravitational Lensing by Disk Galaxies
• Statistics of Quasars Multiply Imaged by Galaxy Clusters
• Strong gravitational lensing by multiple galaxies
• Strong gravitational lensing by spiral galaxies

Cited by in corpus (83)

• Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Likelihoods and Parameters from the WMAP data
• Dissecting the Gravitational Lens B1608+656. II. Precision Measurements of the Hubble Constant, Spatial Curvature, and the Dark Energy Equation of State
• Ray-tracing through the Millennium Simulation: Born corrections and lens-lens coupling in cosmic shear and galaxy-galaxy lensing
• Effect of gravitational lensing on the distribution of gravitational waves from distant binary black hole mergers
• Discovery of a Giant Lya Emitter Near the Reionization Epoch
• What is the largest Einstein radius in the universe?
• Detecting Lensing-Induced Diffraction in Astrophysical Gravitational Waves
• Strongly lensed repeating Fast Radio Bursts as precision probes of the universe
• Observational constraints on inhomogeneous cosmological models without dark energy
• Probability Distribution Functions of Cosmological Lensing: Convergence, Shear, and Magnification
• What if LIGO's gravitational wave detections are strongly lensed by massive galaxy clusters?
• Observational signatures of microlensing in gravitational waves at LIGO/Virgo frequencies
• Constraining the abundance of primordial black holes with gravitational lensing of gravitational waves at LIGO frequencies
• Effect of lensing magnification on the apparent distribution of black hole mergers
• Cosmic shear covariance: The log-normal approximation
• The Discovery of a Gravitationally Lensed Quasar at z = 6.51
• Strong lensing in the MareNostrum Universe: biases in the cluster lens population
• Please repeat: Strong lensing of gravitational waves as a probe of compact binary and galaxy populations
• Improving the precision of time-delay cosmography with observations of galaxies along the line of sight
• What does strong gravitational lensing? The mass and redshift distribution of high-magnification lenses
• PS1-10afx at z=1.388: Pan-STARRS1 Discovery of a New Type of Superluminous Supernova
• Identifying Type II Strongly Lensed Gravitational-Wave Images in Third-Generation Gravitational-Wave Detectors
• Effects of Strong Gravitational Lensing on Millimeter-Wave Galaxy Number Counts
• Galaxy Number Counts and Implications for Strong Lensing
• The Universe at extreme magnification
• H0LiCOW VIII. A weak lensing measurement of the external convergence in the field of the lensed quasar HE0435$-$1223
• On the Bias of the Distance-Redshift Relation from Gravitational Lensing
• Accurate Modeling of Weak Lensing with the sGL Method
• Cluster strong lensing in the Millennium Simulation: The effect of galaxies and structures along the line-of-sight
• Discovering gravitationally lensed gravitational waves: predicted rates, candidate selection, and localization with the Vera Rubin Observatory
• Accurate weak lensing of standard candles. I. Flexible cosmological fits
• Broadband Photometry of 105 Giant Arcs: Redshift Constraints and Implications for Giant Arc Statistics
• Reducing distance errors for standard candles and standard sirens with weak-lensing shear and flexion maps
• Ricci focusing, shearing, and the expansion rate in an almost homogeneous Universe
• Galaxy density profiles and shapes -- II. selection biases in strong lensing surveys
• The Accuracy of Weak Lensing Simulations
• On the dissection of degenerate cosmologies with machine learning
• The effect of baryons in the cosmological lensing PDFs
• On building a cluster watch-list for identifying strongly lensed supernovae, gravitational waves and kilonovae
• A bias in cosmic shear from galaxy selection: results from ray-tracing simulations
• Inferring the lensing rate of LIGO-Virgo sources from the stochastic gravitational wave background
• On the evolution of environmental and mass properties of strong lens galaxies in COSMOS
• Strong-lensing of Gravitational Waves by Galaxy Clusters
• Weak Lensing Observables in the Halo Model
• Primordial star clusters at extreme magnification
• Probing motion of fast radio burst sources by timing strongly lensed repeaters
• Deep and rapid observations of strong-lensing galaxy clusters within the sky localisation of GW170814
• Constraining the lensing of binary black holes from their stochastic background
• Submillimeter Galaxy Number Counts and Magnification by Galaxy Clusters
• Strong lensing of submillimetre galaxies: A tracer of foreground structure?
• Disentangling dark sector models using weak lensing statistics
• Conditions for detecting lensed Population III galaxies in blind surveys with the James Webb Space Telescope, the Roman Space Telescope and Euclid
• Weak lensing in the Horizon-AGN simulation lightcone. Small scale baryonic effects
• On the contribution of large scale structure to strong gravitational lensing
• Prospects of strongly lensed repeating fast radio bursts: complementary constraints on dark energy evolution
• The Strongest Cluster Lenses: An Analysis of the Relation Between Strong Gravitational Lensing Strength and the Physical Properties of Galaxy Clusters
• The Detection and Statistics of Giant Arcs Behind CLASH Clusters
• Astrophysical Gravitational-Wave Echoes from Galactic Nuclei
• A Candidate Kiloparsec-scale Quasar Pair at $z=5.66$
• Lensed arc statistics: comparison of Millennium-simulation galaxy clusters to Hubble Space Telescope observations of an X-ray selected sample
• Revisiting the Lensed Fraction of High-Redshift Quasars
• Turning noise into signal: learning from the scatter in the Hubble diagram
• H0LiCOW XI. A weak lensing measurement of the external convergence in the field of the lensed quasar B1608+656 using HST and Subaru deep imaging
• Detecting strongly lensed supernovae at z ~ 5-7 with LSST
• A Mock Catalog of Gravitationally Lensed Quasars for the LSST Survey
• Searches for Population III pair-instability supernovae: Predictions for ULTIMATE-Subaru and WFIRST
• Constraining the Gravitational Lensing of $z\gtrsim 6$ Quasars from their Proximity Zones
• Gravitational Lensing in Kerr-Newman Anti de Sitter Spacetime
• Detecting Cosmic Strings with Lensed Fast Radio Bursts
• Strong lensing in the MareNostrum Universe II: scaling relations and optical depths
• Multi-messenger Gravitational Lensing
• Constraints on small-scale cosmological fluctuations from SNe lensing dispersion
• Multiply-imaged time-varying sources behind galaxy clusters - Comparing FRBs to QSOs, SNe, and GRBs
• A search for candidate strongly-lensed dusty galaxies in the Planck satellite catalogues
• Weak Lensing of Type Ia Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey
• Characterising Strong Lensing Galaxy Clusters using the Millennium-XXL and MOKA simulations
• Efficient Mass Estimate at the Core of Strong Lensing Galaxy Clusters Using the Einstein Radius
• Searches for Population III Pair-Instability Supernovae: Impact of Gravitational Lensing Magnification
• Core Mass Estimates in Strong Lensing Galaxy Clusters Using a Single-Halo Lens Model
• Strong Lensing In The Inner Halo Of Galaxy Clusters
• On the abundance of gravitational arcs produced by submillimeter galaxies at radio and submm wavelengths
• An Extremely Bright QSO at $z=2.89$
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly: A Comparison between Galaxy-Galaxy Lens Searches in KiDS/GAMA