A high-resolution cosmological simulation of a strong gravitational lens

Abstract

We present a cosmological hydrodynamical simulation of a 10^13 Msun galaxy group and its environment (out to 10 times the virial radius) carried out using the EAGLE model of galaxy formation. Exploiting a novel technique to increase the resolution of the dark matter calculation independently of that of the gas, the simulation resolves dark matter haloes and subhaloes of mass 5x10^6 Msun . It is therefore useful for studying the abundance and properties of the haloes and subhaloes targeted in strong lensing tests of the cold dark matter model. We estimate the halo and subhalo mass functions and discuss how they are affected both by the inclusion of baryons in the simulation and by the environment. We find that the halo and subhalo mass functions have lower amplitude in the hydrodynamical simulation than in its dark matter only counterpart. This reflects the reduced growth of haloes in the hydrodynamical simulation due to the early loss of gas by reionisation and galactic winds and, additionally, in the case of subhaloes, disruption by enhanced tidal effects within the host halo due to the presence of a massive central galaxy. The distribution of haloes is highly anisotropic reflecting the filamentary character of mass accretion onto the cluster. As a result, there is significant variation in the number of structures with viewing direction. The median number of structures near the centre of the halo, when viewed in projection, is reduced by a factor of two when baryons are included.

arXiv comment13 pages, 11 figures, accepted in MNRAS

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• Dark Matter Constraints from a Unified Analysis of Strong Gravitational Lenses and Milky Way Satellite Galaxies
• Constraints on the properties of warm dark matter using the satellite galaxies of the Milky Way
• Symphony: Cosmological Zoom-in Simulation Suites over Four Decades of Host Halo Mass
• Testing strong lensing subhalo detection with a cosmological simulation
• Estimating the warm dark matter mass from strong lensing images with truncated marginal neural ratio estimation
• One never walks alone: the effect of the perturber population on subhalo measurements in strong gravitational lenses
• Out of sight, out of mind? The impact of correlated clustering in substructure lensing
• A forward-modelling method to infer the dark matter particle mass from strong gravitational lenses
• Halo concentration strengthens dark matter constraints in galaxy-galaxy strong lensing analyses
• Galaxy-galaxy strong lens perturbations: line-of-sight haloes versus lens subhaloes
• Entropy plateaus can emerge from gas replacement at a characteristic halo mass in simulated groups and clusters of galaxies
• Particle loads for cosmological simulations with equal-mass dark matter and baryonic particles