Dark Matter Constraints from a Unified Analysis of Strong Gravitational Lenses and Milky Way Satellite Galaxies

Abstract

Joint analyses of small-scale cosmological structure probes are relatively unexplored and promise to advance measurements of microphysical dark matter properties using heterogeneous data. Here, we present a multidimensional analysis of dark matter substructure using strong gravitational lenses and the Milky Way (MW) satellite galaxy population, accounting for degeneracies in model predictions and using covariances in the constraining power of these individual probes for the first time. We simultaneously infer the projected subhalo number density and the half-mode mass describing the suppression of the subhalo mass function in thermal relic warm dark matter (WDM), $M_{\mathrm{hm}}$, using the semianalytic model $\text{Galacticus}$ to connect the subhalo population inferred from MW satellite observations to the strong lensing host halo mass and redshift regime. Combining MW satellite and strong lensing posteriors in this parameter space yields $M_{\mathrm{hm}}<10^{7.0}{M}_{\odot }$ (WDM particle mass $m_{\mathrm{WDM}}>9.7\mathrm{keV}$) at $95\%$ confidence and disfavors $M_{\mathrm{hm}}=10^{7.4}{M}_{\odot }$ ($m_{\mathrm{WDM}}=7.4\mathrm{keV}$) with a 20:1 marginal likelihood ratio, improving limits on $m_{\mathrm{WDM}}$ set by the two methods independently by $\sim 30\%$. These results are marginalized over the line-of-sight contribution to the strong lensing signal, the mass of the MW host halo, and the efficiency of subhalo disruption due to baryons and are robust to differences in the disruption efficiency between the MW and strong lensing regimes at the $\sim 10\%$ level. This work paves the way for unified analyses of next-generation small-scale structure measurements covering a wide range of scales and redshifts.

23 pages, 9 figures, 1 table. Updated to published version

References in corpus (16)

• Milky Way Satellite Census. III. Constraints on Dark Matter Properties from Observations of Milky Way Satellite Galaxies
• Disruption of Dark Matter Substructure: Fact or Fiction?
• Dark Matter Substructure in Numerical Simulations: A Tale of Discreteness Noise, Runaway Instabilities, and Artificial Disruption
• The SAGA Survey. II. Building a Statistical Sample of Satellite Systems around Milky Way-like Galaxies
• The SL2S Galaxy-scale Lens Sample. V. Dark Matter Halos and Stellar IMF of Massive Early-type Galaxies out to Redshift 0.8
• Too Many, Too Few, or Just Right? The Predicted Number and Distribution of Milky Way Dwarf Galaxies
• The asymptotic tidal remnants of cold dark matter subhalos
• Bounds on velocity-dependent dark matter-proton scattering from Milky Way satellite abundance
• Nonlinear evolution of dark matter subhalos and applications to warm dark matter
• How Unusual is the Milky Way's Assembly History?
• Are the Milky Way and Andromeda unusual? A comparison with Milky Way and Andromeda Analogs
• Constraints on the epoch of dark matter formation from Milky Way satellites
• ETHOS -- An effective parametrization and classification for structure formation: the non-linear regime at $z\gtrsim 5$
• The Effects of Varying Cosmological Parameters on Halo Substructure
• The Normalization and Slope of the Dark Matter (Sub-)Halo Mass Function on Sub-Galactic Scales
• Out of sight, out of mind? The impact of correlated clustering in substructure lensing

Cited by in corpus (64)

• The Present and Future Status of Heavy Neutral Leptons
• Strong lensing signatures of self-interacting dark matter in low-mass halos
• New limits on light dark matter - proton cross section from the cosmic large-scale structure
• Observational constraints on dark matter scattering with electrons
• New Roads to the Small-Scale Universe: Measurements of the Clustering of Matter with the High-Redshift UV Galaxy Luminosity Function
• Symphony: Cosmological Zoom-in Simulation Suites over Four Decades of Host Halo Mass
• Quantum fluctuations masquerade as halos: Bounds on ultra-light dark matter from quadruply-imaged quasars
• Self-Interacting Dark Matter and Small-Scale Gravitational Lenses in Galaxy Clusters
• Constraints on sterile neutrino models from strong gravitational lensing, Milky Way satellites, and Lyman-$\alpha$ forest
• Constraining resonant dark matter self-interactions with strong gravitational lenses
• The primordial matter power spectrum on sub-galactic scales
• From Images to Dark Matter: End-To-End Inference of Substructure From Hundreds of Strong Gravitational Lenses
• Constraints on warm dark matter from UV luminosity functions of high-z galaxies with Bayesian model comparison
• Dark atoms and composite dark matter
• Forecasts for Galaxy Formation and Dark Matter Constraints from Dwarf Galaxy Surveys
• Gravitational imaging through a triple source plane lens: revisiting the $\Lambda$CDM-defying dark subhalo in SDSSJ0946+1006
• Sensitivity of strong lensing observations to dark matter substructure: a case study with Euclid
• Using wavelets to capture deviations from smoothness in galaxy-scale strong lenses
• The spatial distribution of Milky Way satellites, gaps in streams and the nature of dark matter
• Constraining Warm Dark Matter and Pop III stars with the Global 21-cm Signal
• Tidal evolution of cored and cuspy dark matter halos
• Detecting low-mass haloes with strong gravitational lensing II: constraints on the density profiles of two detected subhaloes
• Introducing the AIDA-TNG project: galaxy formation in alternative dark matter models
• The dark side of FIRE: predicting the population of dark matter subhaloes around Milky Way-mass galaxies
• Constraining the primordial curvature perturbation using dark matter substructure
• Experimental targets for dark photon dark matter
• COZMIC. I. Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations with Initial Conditions Beyond Cold Dark Matter
• Dark matter coupled to radiation: Limits from the Milky Way satellites
• Mixed Warm Dark Matter Constraints using Milky Way Satellite Galaxy Counts
• Growing the First Galaxies' Merger Trees
• Matching the mass function of Milky Way satellites in competing dark matter models
• Massive prompt cusps: A new signature of warm dark matter
• EDGE: the puzzling ellipticity of Eridanus II's star cluster and its implications for dark matter at the heart of an ultra-faint dwarf
• Pushing the Limits of Detectability: Mixed Dark Matter from Strong Gravitational Lenses
• Determining Satellite Infall Times Using Machine Learning
• Interlopers speak out: studying the dark universe using small-scale lensing anisotropies
• Galactic Geology: Probing Time-Varying Dark Matter Signals with Paleo-Detectors
• Dark Matter Freeze-In and Small-Scale Observables: Novel Mass Bounds and Viable Particle Candidates
• Anticipating the XRISM search for the decay of resonantly produced sterile neutrino dark matter
• Anisotropic strong lensing as a probe of dark matter self-interactions
• COZMIC. II. Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations with Fractional non-CDM Initial Conditions
• COZMIC. III. Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations of Self-interacting Dark Matter with Suppressed Initial Conditions
• Constraints on Metastable Dark Energy Decaying into Dark Matter
• Return of the Lepton Number: Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter Production and the Revival of the Shi-Fuller Mechanism
• Measurement of Substructure from the Kinematics of the GD-1 Stellar Stream
• Halo heating from fluctuating gas in a model dwarf
• Non-thermal warm dark matter limits from small-scale structure
• The cusp-halo relation
• Using dust to constrain dark matter models
• Testing extensions to LCDM on small scales with forthcoming cosmic shear surveys
• The Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structure for Mixed Dark Matter Scenarios
• Transformers as Strong Lens Detectors- From Simulation to Surveys
• Auriga Streams II: orbital properties of tidally disrupting satellites of Milky Way-mass galaxies
• Exploring Ultralight Scalar Assistance in Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter: Cold Spectrum and Unusual X/Gamma-ray Signatures
• Kinematic Lensing Inference II: Cluster Lensing with $\mathcal{O}$(1) Galaxies
• Macromodel-free flux-ratio prediction in quadruply imaged quasars with local constraints from lensed arcs
• Cosmic Structure Strikes Back: The Elimination of Vector-Mediated Nonstandard Interaction Models as a Mechanism for Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter Production
• Distinguishing thermal histories of dark matter from structure formation
• Towards characterizing dark matter subhalo perturbations in stellar streams with graph neural networks
• Quenching of satellite galaxies of Milky Way analogues: reconciling theory and observations
• Milky Way Satellite Census. IV. Constraints on Decaying Dark Matter from Observations of Milky Way Satellite Galaxies
• Detecting low-mass haloes with strong gravitational lensing I: the effect of data quality and lensing configuration
• Oscillation Baryogenesis via Ultraviolet Dark Matter Freeze-In
• Warm, not Fuzzy: Generalized Ultralight Dark Matter Limits from Milky Way Satellites