The SL2S Galaxy-scale Lens Sample. V. Dark Matter Halos and Stellar IMF of Massive Early-type Galaxies out to Redshift 0.8
arXiv:1410.1881 · doi:10.1088/0004-637X/800/2/94
Abstract
We investigate the cosmic evolution of the internal structure of massive early-type galaxies over half of the age of the Universe. We perform a joint lensing and stellar dynamics analysis of a sample of 81 strong lenses from the SL2S and SLACS surveys and combine the results with a hierarchical Bayesian inference method to measure the distribution of dark matter mass and stellar IMF across the population of massive early-type galaxies. Lensing selection effects are taken into account. We find that the dark matter mass projected within the inner 5 kpc increases for increasing redshift, decreases for increasing stellar mass density, but is roughly constant along the evolutionary tracks of early-type galaxies. The average dark matter slope is consistent with that of an NFW profile, but is not well constrained. The stellar IMF normalization is close to a Salpeter IMF at and scales strongly with increasing stellar mass. No dependence of the IMF on redshift or stellar mass density is detected. The anti-correlation between dark matter mass and stellar mass density supports the idea of mergers being more frequent in more massive dark matter halos.
arXiv commentAccepted for publication on The Astrophysical Journal. Revised version. (25 pages, 18 figures)
References in corpus (82)
- A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering
- Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
- A Fundamental Relation Between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
- A Relationship Between Nuclear Black Hole Mass and Galaxy Velocity Dispersion
- Mass and environment as drivers of galaxy evolution in SDSS and zCOSMOS and the origin of the Schechter function
- The Relation between Black Hole Mass, Bulge Mass, and Near-Infrared Luminosity
- On the Black Hole Mass - Bulge Mass Relation
- Some Aspects of Measurement Error in Linear Regression of Astronomical Data
- The ages and metallicities of galaxies in the local universe
- Mass assembly in quiescent and star-forming galaxies since z=4 from UltraVISTA
- The Evolution of the Stellar Mass Functions of Star-Forming and Quiescent Galaxies to z = 4 from the COSMOS/UltraVISTA Survey
- Minor mergers and the size evolution of elliptical galaxies
- How supernova feedback turns dark matter cusps into cores
- The Atlas3D project - XV. Benchmark for early-type galaxies scaling relations from 260 dynamical models: mass-to-light ratio, dark matter, Fundamental Plane and Mass Plane
- Analytical Models For Galactic Nuclei
- A systematic variation of the stellar initial mass function in early-type galaxies
- The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. X. Stellar, Dynamical, and Total Mass Correlations of Massive Early-type Galaxies
- The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. III - The Structure and Formation of Early-type Galaxies and their Evolution since z~1
- A Substantial Population of Low Mass Stars in Luminous Elliptical Galaxies
- zCOSMOS - 10k-bright spectroscopic sample. The bimodality in the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function: exploring its evolution with redshift
- The Stellar Initial Mass Function in Early-Type Galaxies From Absorption Line Spectroscopy. II. Results
- Strong Lensing by Galaxies
- Can Minor Merging Account for the Size Growth of Quiescent Galaxies? New Results from the CANDELS Survey
- Dissecting the Gravitational Lens B1608+656. II. Precision Measurements of the Hubble Constant, Spatial Curvature, and the Dark Energy Equation of State
- The initial mass function of early-type galaxies
- The size - virial radius relation of galaxies
- The K20 survey. VI. The Distribution of the Stellar Masses in Galaxies up to z~2
- The Density Profiles of Massive, Relaxed Galaxy Clusters. II. Separating Luminous and Dark Matter in Cluster Cores
- SPIDER VIII - Constraints on the Stellar Initial Mass Function of Early-type Galaxies from a Variety of Spectral Features
- AGN-driven quenching of star formation: morphological and dynamical implications for early-type galaxies
- Mass downsizing and "top-down" assembly of early-type galaxies
- The internal structure and formation of early-type galaxies: the gravitational--lens system MG2016+112 at z=1.004
- Dissipation and Extra Light in Galactic Nuclei: IV. Evolution in the Scaling Relations of Spheroids
- Cosmology from gravitational lens time delays and Planck data
- Dark Matter Contraction and the Stellar Content of Massive Early-type Galaxies: Disfavoring "Light" Initial Mass Functions
- The SL2S Galaxy-scale Lens Sample. IV. The dependence of the total mass density profile of early-type galaxies on redshift, stellar mass, and size
- Systematic variation of the stellar Initial Mass Function with velocity dispersion in early-type galaxies
- Radial variations in the stellar initial mass function of early-type galaxies
- The Halos of Satellite Galaxies: the Companion of the Massive Elliptical Lens SL2S J08544-0121
- The DEEP3 Galaxy Redshift Survey: The Impact of Environment on the Size Evolution of Massive Early-type Galaxies at Intermediate Redshift
- Evidence For A Mild Steepening And Bottom-Heavy IMF In Massive Galaxies From Sodium And Titanium-Oxide Indicators
- The internal structure of the lens PG1115+080: breaking degeneracies in the value of the Hubble Constant
- The stellar IMF determined in early-type galaxies from a non-degenerate set of optical line indices
- Evidence for dark matter contraction and a Salpeter IMF in a massive early-type galaxy
- Red Nuggets at High Redshift: Structural Evolution of Quiescent Galaxies Over 10 Gyr of Cosmic History
- The luminosity and stellar mass Fundamental Plane of early-type galaxies
- Size Evolution of Spheroids in a Hierarchical Universe
- The Evolution and Structure of Early-type Field Galaxies: A Combined Statistical Analysis of Gravitational Lenses
- The Assembly Histories of Quiescent Galaxies Since z=0.7 from Absorption Line Spectroscopy
- The evolution of the mass-size relation for early type galaxies from z~1 to the present: dependence on environment, mass-range and detailed morphology
- Environmental Dependence of Dark Matter Halo Growth I: Halo Merger Rates
- Constraining The Assembly Of Normal And Compact Passively Evolving Galaxies From Redshift z=3 To The Present With CANDELS
- The Argo Simulation: I. Quenching of Massive Galaxies at High Redshift as a Result of Cosmological Starvation
- The SL2S Galaxy-scale Lens Sample. III. Lens Models, Surface Photometry and Stellar Masses for the final sample
- RingFinder: automated detection of galaxy-scale gravitational lenses in ground-based multi-filter imaging data
- The stellar and dark matter distributions in elliptical galaxies from the ensemble of strong gravitational lenses
- An inventory of the stellar initial mass function in early-type galaxies
- Size and velocity-dispersion evolution of early-type galaxies in a Lambda cold dark matter universe
- The stellar mass structure of massive galaxies from z=0 to z=2.5; surface density profiles and half-mass radii
- The Stellar Initial Mass Function in Early-Type Galaxies From Absorption Line Spectroscopy. I. Data and Empirical Trends
- The bulge-halo conspiracy in massive elliptical galaxies: implications for the stellar initial mass function and halo response to baryonic processes
- The Mass Distribution and Assembly of the Milky Way from the Properties of the Magellanic Clouds
- Fast evolving size of early-type galaxies at z>2 and the role of dissipationless (dry) merging
- Confirmation of Enhanced Dwarf-sensitive Absorption Features in the Spectra of Massive Elliptical Galaxies: Further Evidence for a Non-universal Initial Mass Function
- The Baryon Fractions and Mass-to-Light Ratios of Early-Type Galaxies
- Understanding the Structural Scaling Relations of Early-Type Galaxies
- The stellar initial mass function of early type galaxies from low to high stellar velocity dispersion: homogeneous analysis of ATLAS and Sloan Lens ACS galaxies
- The Dark Halo - Spheroid Conspiracy and the Origin of Elliptical Galaxies
- A calibration of the stellar mass fundamental plane at z ~ 0.5 using the micro-lensing induced flux ratio anomalies of macro-lensed quasars
- A giant elliptical galaxy with a lightweight initial mass function
- Evidence for a correlation between the sizes of quiescent galaxies and local environment to z ~ 2
- The SL2S Galaxy-scale Gravitational Lens Sample. I. The alignment of mass and light in massive early-type galaxies at z=0.2-0.9
- The SWELLS survey - V. A Salpeter stellar initial mass function in the bulges of massive spiral galaxies
- A low-mass cut-off near the hydrogen burning limit for Salpeter-like initial mass functions in early-type galaxies
- On the average density profile of dark-matter halos in the inner regions of massive early-type galaxies
- Galaxy density profiles and shapes -- II. selection biases in strong lensing surveys
- Purely dry mergers do not explain the observed evolution of massive early-type galaxies since z = 1
- Dynamical Models of Elliptical Galaxies -- II. M87 and its Globular Clusters
- Salpeter normalization of the Stellar Initial Mass Function for massive galaxies at z~1
- Quantifying the Biases of Spectroscopically Selected Gravitational Lenses
- Mass distribution and orbital anisotropy of early-type galaxies: constraints from the Mass Plane
- The SWELLS Survey. VI. hierarchical inference of the initial mass functions of bulges and discs
Cited by in corpus (134)
- The Connection between Galaxies and their Dark Matter Halos
- The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey - I. Survey Description and Preliminary Data Release
- Structure and Kinematics of Early-Type Galaxies from Integral-Field Spectroscopy
- Modelling and interpreting spectral energy distributions of galaxies with BEAGLE
- H0LiCOW I. Lenses in COSMOGRAIL's Wellspring: Program Overview
- The population of galaxy-galaxy strong lenses in forthcoming optical imaging surveys
- Fast Automated Analysis of Strong Gravitational Lenses with Convolutional Neural Networks
- Time Delay Cosmography
- lenstronomy II: A gravitational lensing software ecosystem
- Finding Strong Gravitational Lenses in the Kilo Degree Survey with Convolutional Neural Networks
- The Stellar Initial Mass Function in Early-Type Galaxies from Absorption Line Spectroscopy. III. Radial Gradients
- Uncertainties in Parameters Estimated with Neural Networks: Application to Strong Gravitational Lensing
- Finding strong lenses in CFHTLS using convolutional neural networks
- Dark matter halos of massive elliptical galaxies at are well described by the Navarro-Frenk-White profile
- AutoLens: Automated Modeling of a Strong Lens's Light, Mass and Source
- Dark Matter Constraints from a Unified Analysis of Strong Gravitational Lenses and Milky Way Satellite Galaxies
- Space Warps: I. Crowd-sourcing the Discovery of Gravitational Lenses
- Space Warps II. New Gravitational Lens Candidates from the CFHTLS Discovered through Citizen Science
- LinKS: Discovering galaxy-scale strong lenses in the Kilo-Degree Survey using Convolutional Neural Networks
- Survey of Gravitationally-lensed Objects in HSC Imaging (SuGOHI). I. Automatic search for galaxy-scale strong lenses
- TDCOSMO. XII. Improved Hubble constant measurement from lensing time delays using spatially resolved stellar kinematics of the lens galaxy
- NIHAO IX: the role of gas inflows and outflows in driving the contraction and expansion of cold dark matter haloes
- Discovering New Strong Gravitational Lenses in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys
- Strong lensing time-delay cosmography in the 2020s
- PyAutoLens: Open-Source Strong Gravitational Lensing
- TDCOSMO V: strategies for precise and accurate measurements of the Hubble constant with strong lensing
- Deep Convolutional Neural Networks as strong gravitational lens detectors
- Identifying Strong Lenses with Unsupervised Machine Learning using Convolutional Autoencoder
- Galaxy structure from multiple tracers: II. M87 from parsec to megaparsec scales
- The inner structure of early-type galaxies in the Illustris simulation
- The Tully-Fisher and mass-size relations from halo abundance matching
- HOLISMOKES -- II. Identifying galaxy-scale strong gravitational lenses in Pan-STARRS using convolutional neural networks
- Survey of gravitationally-lensed objects in HSC imaging (SuGOHI). III. Statistical strong lensing constraints on the stellar IMF of CMASS galaxies
- Assessing the effect of lens mass model in cosmological application with updated galaxy-scale strong gravitational lensing sample
- Survey of Gravitationally-lensed Objects in HSC Imaging (SuGOHI). VI. Crowdsourced lens finding with Space Warps
- Probing the nature of dark matter by forward modeling flux ratios in strong gravitational lenses
- H0LiCOW II. Spectroscopic survey and galaxy-group identification of the strong gravitational lens system HE0435-1223
- Dark matter contraction and stellar-mass-to-light ratio gradients in massive early-type galaxies
- SHARP - V. Modelling gravitationally-lensed radio arcs imaged with global VLBI observations
- Evidence for radial variations in the stellar mass-to-light ratio of massive galaxies from weak and strong lensing
- Hierarchical Inference With Bayesian Neural Networks: An Application to Strong Gravitational Lensing
- Modelling high resolution ALMA observations of strongly lensed highly star forming galaxies detected by Herschel
- Early-type galaxy density profiles from IllustrisTNG: I. Galaxy correlations and the impact of baryons
- The Faber-Jackson relation and Fundamental Plane from halo abundance matching
- Project Dinos I: A joint lensing-dynamics constraint on the deviation from the power law in the mass profile of massive ellipticals
- The Extremely High Dark Matter Halo Concentration of the Relic Compact Elliptical Galaxy Mrk 1216
- The Innermost Mass Distribution of the Gravitational Lens SDP.81 from ALMA Observations
- Testing dark energy models with a new sample of strong-lensing systems
- Revisiting the bulge-halo conspiracy I: Dependence on galaxy properties and halo mass
- Strong lensing reveals jets in a sub-microJy radio quiet quasar
- HOLISMOKES -- IV. Efficient mass modeling of strong lenses through deep learning
- The kinematics of massive quiescent galaxies at : dark matter fractions, IMF variation, and the relation to local early-type galaxies
- Support Vector Machine classification of strong gravitational lenses
- Observed trend in the star formation history and the dark matter fraction of galaxies at redshift
- Total density profile of massive early-type galaxies in Horizon-AGN simulation: impact of AGN feedback and comparison with observations
- Strong lensing in UNIONS: Toward a pipeline from discovery to modeling
- The MUSE Extremely Deep Field: Evidence for SFR-induced cores in dark-matter dominated galaxies at z=1
- Statistical strong lensing. I. Constraints on the inner structure of galaxies from samples of a thousand lenses
- Exploring the astrophysics of dark atoms
- SEAGLE - I: A pipeline for simulating and modeling strong lenses from cosmological hydrodynamic simulations
- TDCOSMO X. Automated Modeling of 9 Strongly Lensed Quasars and Comparison Between Lens Modeling Software
- Hubble Asteroid Hunter: II. Identifying strong gravitational lenses in HST images with crowdsourcing
- The last 6 Gyr of dark matter assembly in massive galaxies from the Kilo Degree Survey
- Strong Lensing by Galaxies
- Is it possible to reconcile extragalactic IMF variations with a universal Milky Way IMF?
- Strong lens modelling: comparing and combining Bayesian neural networks and parametric profile fitting
- Calibrated, cosmological hydrodynamical simulations with variable IMFs I: Method and effect on global galaxy scaling relations
- Constraining the inner density slope of massive galaxy clusters
- The response of dark matter haloes to elliptical galaxy formation: a new test for quenching scenarios
- Radial Acceleration Relation between Baryons and Dark or Phantom Matter in the Super-critical Acceleration Regime of Nearly Spherical Galaxies
- Discovery and first models of the quadruply lensed quasar SDSS J1433+6007
- Galaxy-Scale Test of General Relativity with Strong Gravitational Lensing
- Model-independent Estimations for the Cosmic Curvature from the Latest Strong Gravitational Lensing Systems
- Consistency testing for invariance of the speed of light at different redshifts: the newest results from strong lensing and type Ia supernovae observations
- Strong lensing selection effects
- Comparing Models for IMF Variation Across Cosmological Time in Milky Way-like Galaxies
- Galaxy Zoo: constraining the origin of spiral arms
- Astrophysical Tests of Dark Matter Self-Interactions
- Statistical strong lensing. II. Cosmology and galaxy structure with time-delay lenses
- Statistical strong lensing. III. Inferences with complete samples of lenses
- Extensive light profile fitting of galaxy-scale strong lenses
- Constraining the multi-scale dark-matter distribution in CASSOWARY 31 with strong gravitational lensing and stellar dynamics
- SEAGLE--II: Constraints on feedback models in galaxy formation from massive early type strong lens galaxies
- The SLUGGS Survey: The Inner Dark Matter Density Slope of the Massive Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1407
- A Gravitationally Lensed Quasar Discovered in OGLE
- Revisiting the bulge-halo conspiracy II: Towards explaining its puzzling dependence on redshift
- Precision cosmology with time delay lenses: high resolution imaging requirements
- HOLISMOKES -- IX. Neural network inference of strong-lens parameters and uncertainties from ground-based images
- HOLISMOKES -- X. Comparison between neural network and semi-automated traditional modeling of strong lenses
- Constraining Cosmological and Galaxy Parameters using Strong Gravitational Lensing Systems
- LeMoN: Lens Modelling with Neural networks -- I. Automated modelling of strong gravitational lenses with Bayesian Neural Networks
- Central velocity dispersion catalog of LAMOST-DR7 galaxies
- Merger-driven evolution of the effective stellar initial mass function of massive early-type galaxies
- Mapping the dark matter halo of early-type galaxy NGC 2974 through orbit-based models with combined stellar and cold gas kinematics
- The X-shooter Lens Survey - II. Sample presentation and spatially resolved kinematics
- A large population of strongly lensed faint submillimetre galaxies in future dark energy surveys inferred from JWST imaging
- Calibrated, cosmological hydrodynamical simulations with variable IMFs II: Correlations between the IMF and global galaxy properties
- The Unusually High Halo Concentration of the Fossil Group NGC 6482: Evidence for Weak Adiabatic Contraction
- Project Dinos II: Redshift evolution of dark and luminous matter density profiles in strong-lensing elliptical galaxies across 0.1 < z < 0.9
- SIDM Concerto: Compilation and Data Release of Self-interacting Dark Matter Zoom-in Simulations
- Reconstructing the extended structure of multiple sources strongly lensed by the ultra-massive elliptical galaxy SDSS J0100+1818
- A model for galaxy-galaxy strong lensing statistics in surveys
- Constraining a possible time-variation of the speed of light along with the fine-structure constant using strong gravitational lensing and Type Ia supernovae observations
- The weak dependence of velocity dispersion on disk fractions, mass-to-light ratio and redshift: Implications for galaxy and black hole evolution
- The SLACS strong lens sample, debiased
- Galaxy-scale gravitational lens candidates from the Hyper Suprime-Cam imaging survey and the Galaxy And Mass Assembly spectroscopic survey
- Implications of galaxy buildup for putative IMF variations in massive galaxies
- Searching for galaxy-scale strong-lenses in galaxy clusters with deep networks -- I: methodology and network performance
- Stellar velocity dispersion and initial mass function gradients in dissipationless galaxy mergers
- Unveiling a 36 Billion Solar Mass Black Hole at the Centre of the Cosmic Horseshoe Gravitational Lens
- Photometric redshift estimation of strongly lensed galaxies
- High-resolution imaging follow-up of doubly imaged quasars
- Galaxy Spectra neural Networks (GaSNets). I. Searching for strong lens candidates in eBOSS spectra using Deep Learning
- Statistical strong lensing. IV. Inferences with no individual source redshifts
- The SLACS strong lens sample, debiased. II. Lensing-only constraints on the stellar IMF and dark matter contraction in early-type galaxies
- New Analysis of Dark Matter in Elliptical Galaxies
- The COSMOS-Web Lens Survey (COWLS) II: depth, resolution, and NIR coverage from JWST reveal 17 spectacular lenses
- Probing General Relativity in galactic scales at z
- Simulation-guided galaxy evolution inference: A case study with strong lensing galaxies
- Constraining galaxy properties with complete samples of lenses
- An investigation of a varying G through Strong Lensing and SNe Ia observations
- Revisiting the effect of lens mass models in cosmological applications of strong gravitational lensing
- Galaxy-scale lens search in the PEARLS NEP TDF and CEERS JWST fields
- Investigating the Redshift Evolution of Lensing Galaxy Density Slopes via Model-Independent Distance Ratios
- LenNet: Direct Detection and Localization of Strong Gravitational Lenses in Wide-Field Sky Survey Images
- Systematics in ETG Mass Profile Modelling: Strong Lensing & Stellar Dynamics
- Optical+NIR analysis of a Newly Confirmed Einstein ring at z1 from the Kilo-Degree Survey: Dark matter fraction, total and dark matter density slope and IMF
- TDCOSMO XXI. Accurate stellar velocity dispersions of the SL2S lens sample and the fundamental plane of the lensing mass
- Fornax 3D project: assessing the diversity of IMF and stellar population maps within the Fornax Cluster
- Milky-Way-like stars in a galaxy core 8 billion years ago revealed by gravitational lensing
- Galaxy And Mass Assembly: A Comparison between Galaxy-Galaxy Lens Searches in KiDS/GAMA
- Testing General Relativity on Galactic Scales via DESI-BAO and Strong Lensing: Circumventing Assumptions on the Hubble Constant, Sound Horizon, and Dark Energy
- Using strong lensing to understand the microJy radio emission in two radio quiet quasars at redshift 1.7
- Caustic area biases and how to deal with them