The last 6 Gyr of dark matter assembly in massive galaxies from the Kilo Degree Survey

Abstract

We study the dark matter (DM) assembly in the central regions of massive early-type galaxies up to $z\sim 0.65$. We use a sample of $\sim 3800$ massive ($\log M_{\star }/M_{\odot }>11.2$) galaxies with photometry and structural parameters from 156 sq. deg. of the Kilo Degree Survey, and spectroscopic redshifts and velocity dispersions from SDSS. We obtain central total-to-stellar mass ratios, $M_{\mathrm{dyn}}/M_{\star }$, and DM fractions, by determining dynamical masses, $M_{\mathrm{dyn}}$, from Jeans modelling of SDSS aperture velocity dispersions and stellar masses, $M_{\star }$, from KiDS galaxy colours. We first show how the central DM fraction correlates with structural parameters, mass and density proxies, and demonstrate that most of the local correlations are still observed up to $z\sim 0.65$; at fixed $M_{\star }$, local galaxies have larger DM fraction, on average, than their counterparts at larger redshift. We also interpret these trends with a non universal Initial Mass Function (IMF), finding a strong evolution with redshift, which contrast independent observations and is at odds with the effect of galaxy mergers. For a fixed IMF, the galaxy assembly can be explained, realistically, by mass and size accretion, which can be physically achieved by a series of minor mergers. We reproduce both the $R_{\mathrm{e}}-M_{\star }$ and $M_{\mathrm{dyn}}/M_{\star }-M_{\star }$ evolution with stellar and dark mass changing at a different rate. This result suggests that the main progenitor galaxy is merging with less massive systems, characterized by a smaller $M_{\mathrm{dyn}}/M_{\star }$, consistently with results from halo abundance matching.

arXiv comment17 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication on MNRAS

References in corpus (137)

• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation
• The Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos
• Measuring Reddening with SDSS Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating SFD
• The Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Profiles of dark haloes: evolution, scatter, and environment
• Parametric Recovery of Line-of-Sight Velocity Distributions from Absorption-Line Spectra of Galaxies via Penalized Likelihood
• SDSS-III: Massive Spectroscopic Surveys of the Distant Universe, the Milky Way Galaxy, and Extra-Solar Planetary Systems
• Accurate photometric redshifts for the CFHT Legacy Survey calibrated using the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey
• The epochs of early-type galaxy formation as a function of environment
• The Sixth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• The ages and metallicities of galaxies in the local universe
• Constraints on the relationship between stellar mass and halo mass at low and high redshift
• The SAURON project - IV. The mass-to-light ratio, the virial mass estimator and the fundamental plane of elliptical and lenticular galaxies
• A Universal Stellar Initial Mass Function? A Critical Look at Variations
• The Tenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-III Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
• Measuring and Modelling the Redshift Evolution of Clustering: the Hubble Deep Field North
• The First Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Response of dark matter halos to condensation of baryons: cosmological simulations and improved adiabatic contraction model
• Passively Evolving Early-type Galaxies at 1.4<z<2.5 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• The SAURON project - V. Integral-field emission-line kinematics of 48 elliptical and lenticular galaxies
• The Growth of Massive Galaxies Since z=2
• Galaxy halo masses and satellite fractions from galaxy-galaxy lensing in the SDSS: stellar mass, luminosity, morphology, and environment dependencies
• The Atlas3D project - XX. Mass-size and mass-sigma distributions of early-type galaxies: bulge fraction drives kinematics, mass-to-light ratio, molecular gas fraction and stellar initial mass function
• Concentration, Spin and Shape of Dark Matter Haloes as a Function of the Cosmological Model: WMAP1, WMAP3 and WMAP5 results
• A systematic variation of the stellar initial mass function in early-type galaxies
• The SAURON project -- X. The orbital anisotropy of elliptical and lenticular galaxies: revisiting the (V/sigma,epsilon) diagram with integral-field stellar kinematics
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. X. Stellar, Dynamical, and Total Mass Correlations of Massive Early-type Galaxies
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. III - The Structure and Formation of Early-type Galaxies and their Evolution since z~1
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. I. A Large Spectroscopically Selected Sample of Massive Early-Type Lens Galaxies
• Strong size evolution of the most massive galaxies since z~2
• The size evolution of galaxies since z~3: combining SDSS, GEMS and FIRES
• Dynamical family properties and dark halo scaling relations of giant elliptical galaxies
• A Substantial Population of Low Mass Stars in Luminous Elliptical Galaxies
• Connecting Galaxies, Halos, and Star Formation Rates Across Cosmic Time
• The Nature of Galaxy Bias and Clustering
• The Evolution of Galaxy Structure over Cosmic Time
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. IV: the mass density profile of early-type galaxies out to 100 effective radii
• The Stellar Initial Mass Function in Early-Type Galaxies From Absorption Line Spectroscopy. II. Results
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. V. The Full ACS Strong-Lens Sample
• Massive Dark-matter halos and Evolution of Early-type Galaxies to z=1
• Size evolution of the most massive galaxies at 1.7<z<3 from GOODS NICMOS survey imaging
• The Galactic disk mass-budget : I. stellar mass-function and density
• The initial mass function of early-type galaxies
• Stellar population models at high spectral resolution
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. IX. Colors, Lensing and Stellar Masses of Early-type Galaxies
• A JavaScript Passive Evolution Calculator
• The first and second data releases of the Kilo-Degree Survey
• Towards a Concordant Model of Halo Occupation Statistics
• SPIDER VIII - Constraints on the Stellar Initial Mass Function of Early-type Galaxies from a Variety of Spectral Features
• How do minor mergers promote inside-out growth of ellipticals, transforming the size, density profile and dark matter fraction?
• Recent Structural Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies: Size Growth from z=1 to z=0
• A simple model for the size-evolution of elliptical galaxies
• Dissipation and Extra Light in Galactic Nuclei: IV. Evolution in the Scaling Relations of Spheroids
• Two-dimensional kinematics of SLACS lenses: III. Mass structure and dynamics of early-type lens galaxies beyond z ~ 0.1
• The dramatic size evolution of elliptical galaxies and the quasar feedback
• Stellar velocity dispersions and emission line properties of SDSS-III/BOSS galaxies
• Stellar masses of SDSS-III BOSS galaxies at z~0.5 and constraints to galaxy formation models
• The SL2S Galaxy-scale Lens Sample. IV. The dependence of the total mass density profile of early-type galaxies on redshift, stellar mass, and size
• The third data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey and associated data products
• Systematic variation of the stellar Initial Mass Function with velocity dispersion in early-type galaxies
• Modeling the color evolution of luminous red galaxies - improvements with empirical stellar spectra
• Radial variations in the stellar initial mass function of early-type galaxies
• Lost & Found Dark Matter in Elliptical Galaxies
• Dynamical modelling of luminous and dark matter in 17 Coma early-type galaxies
• Evidence For A Mild Steepening And Bottom-Heavy IMF In Massive Galaxies From Sodium And Titanium-Oxide Indicators
• The Mass-To-Light Function of Virialized Systems and the Relationship Between Their Optical and X-ray Properties
• Dissecting the size evolution of elliptical galaxies since z~1: puffing up vs minor merging scenarios
• Stellar and Dynamical Masses of Ellipticals in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Superdense Massive Galaxies in Wings Local Clusters
• Curvature in the scaling relations of early-type galaxies
• Dynamical masses of early-type galaxies: a comparison to lensing results and implications for the stellar IMF and the distribution of dark matter
• The Tilt of the Fundamental Plane: Three-quarters Structural Nonhomology, One-quarter Stellar Population
• The luminosity and stellar mass Fundamental Plane of early-type galaxies
• The SL2S Galaxy-scale Lens Sample. V. Dark Matter Halos and Stellar IMF of Massive Early-type Galaxies out to Redshift 0.8
• Self-Similar Models for the Mass Profiles of Early-type Lens Galaxies
• The BOSS Emission-Line Lens Survey. II. Investigating Mass-Density Profile Evolution in the SLACS+BELLS Strong Gravitational Lens Sample
• Dissipationless Mergers of Elliptical Galaxies and the Evolution of the Fundamental Plane
• Dissecting the Red Sequence--II. Star Formation Histories of Early-Type Galaxies Throughout the Fundamental Plane
• Color and stellar population gradients in galaxies. Correlation with mass
• The SL2S Galaxy-scale Lens Sample. II. Cosmic evolution of dark and luminous mass in early-type galaxies
• Central mass-to-light ratios and dark matter fractions in early-type galaxies
• The Co-Evolution of Total Density Profiles and Central Dark Matter Fractions in Simulated Early-Type Galaxies
• The stellar and dark matter distributions in elliptical galaxies from the ensemble of strong gravitational lenses
• The SINFONI Nearby Elliptical Lens Locator Survey: Discovery of two new low-redshift strong lenses and implications for the initial mass function in giant early-type galaxies
• An inventory of the stellar initial mass function in early-type galaxies
• Mild Velocity Dispersion Evolution of Spheroid-like Massive Galaxies since z~2
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): the wavelength-dependent sizes and profiles of galaxies revealed by MegaMorph
• The fundamental plane of EDisCS galaxies - The effect of size evolution
• The bulge-halo conspiracy in massive elliptical galaxies: implications for the stellar initial mass function and halo response to baryonic processes
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. XII. Extending Strong Lensing to Lower Masses
• Universal IMF vs dark halo response in early-type galaxies: breaking the degeneracy with the fundamental plane
• The Dark Halo - Spheroid Conspiracy and the Origin of Elliptical Galaxies
• Mass-to-light ratio gradients in early-type galaxy haloes
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: variation of the stellar initial mass function in spiral and early-type galaxies
• The (galaxy-wide) IMF in giant elliptical galaxies: From top to bottom
• The slope of the mass profile and the tilt of the fundamental plane in early-type galaxies
• IMF shape constraints from stellar populations and dynamics from CALIFA
• Superdense massive galaxies in the ESO Distant Cluster Survey (EDisCS)
• A low-mass cut-off near the hydrogen burning limit for Salpeter-like initial mass functions in early-type galaxies
• Dark Matter Halos of Disk Galaxies: Constraints from the Tully-Fisher Relation
• Dark matter scaling relations and the assembly epoch of Coma early-type galaxies
• The inner structure of early-type galaxies in the Illustris simulation
• The role of dry mergers for the formation and evolution of brightest cluster galaxies
• 2DPHOT: A Multi-purpose Environment for the Two-dimensional Analysis of Wide-field Images
• The mass and angular momentum distribution of simulated massive early-type galaxies to large radii
• Photometric mass and mass decomposition in early-type lens galaxies
• Central dark matter trends in early-type galaxies from strong lensing, dynamics and stellar populations
• The Origin of Color Gradients in Early-Type Systems and Their Compactness at High-z
• Systematic trends in total-mass profiles from dynamical models of early-type galaxies
• Systematic variations of central mass density slopes in early-type galaxies
• The SLUGGS Survey: The mass distribution in early-type galaxies within five effective radii and beyond
• The age dependence of the size-stellar mass relation and some implications
• Further evidence for large central mass-to-light ratios in early-type galaxies: the case of ellipticals and lenticulars in the Abell~262 cluster
• Stellar mass-to-light ratio gradients in galaxies: correlations with mass
• Connection between dynamically derived IMF normalisation and stellar population parameters
• Sizes and ages of SDSS ellipticals: Comparison with hierarchical galaxy formation models
• SPIDER - VI. The Central Dark Matter Content of Luminous Early-Type Galaxies: Benchmark Correlations with Mass, Structural Parameters and Environment
• Projected central dark matter fractions and densities in massive early-type galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• On the Initial Mass Function and tilt of the Fundamental Plane of massive early-type galaxies
• Redshift evolution of the dynamical properties of massive galaxies from SDSS-III/BOSS
• Evolution of central dark matter of early-type galaxies up to z ~ 0.8
• Secondary infall model and dark matter scaling relations in intermediate redshift early - type galaxies
• Dark matter scaling relations in intermediate z haloes
• On the evolution of environmental and mass properties of strong lens galaxies in COSMOS
• Modelling mass distribution in elliptical galaxies: mass profiles and their correlation with velocity dispersion profiles
• Colour Gradients and the Colour-Magnitude Relation: Different Properties of Brightest Cluster Galaxies and E/S0 Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Salpeter normalization of the Stellar Initial Mass Function for massive galaxies at z~1
• MOND and IMF variations in early-type galaxies from $ATLA{S}^{3D}$
• The Optical Colors of Giant Elliptical Galaxies and their Metal-Rich Globular Clusters Indicate a Bottom-Heavy Initial Mass Function
• The imprint of dark matter haloes on the size and velocity dispersion evolution of early-type galaxies
• SPIDER - V. Measuring Systematic Effects in Early-Type Galaxy Stellar Masses from Photometric SED Fitting
• The global mass - to - light ratio of SLACS lenses
• The density of dark matter haloes of early-type galaxies in low-density environments
• Dark Matter and IMF normalization in Virgo dwarf early-type galaxies
• Merger-driven evolution of the effective stellar initial mass function of massive early-type galaxies
• Dark matter inside early-type galaxies as function of mass and redshift

Cited by in corpus (25)

• The fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey: ugri imaging and nine-band optical-IR photometry over 1000 square degrees
• The distribution of dark matter in galaxies
• Evolution of galaxy size--stellar mass relation from the Kilo Degree Survey
• INSPIRE: INvestigating Stellar Population In RElics -- I. Survey presentation and pilot program
• The first sample of spectroscopically confirmed ultra-compact massive galaxies in the Kilo Degree Survey
• The kinematics of massive quiescent galaxies at $1.4<z<2.1$: dark matter fractions, IMF variation, and the relation to local early-type galaxies
• Building the largest spectroscopic sample of ultra-compact massive galaxies with the Kilo Degree Survey
• The dichotomy of dark matter fraction and total mass density slope of galaxies over five dex in mass
• Gravitational lensing by wave dark matter halos
• Inferring galaxy dark halo properties from visible matter with Machine Learning
• WEAVE-StePS. A stellar population survey using WEAVE at WHT
• Central velocity dispersion catalog of LAMOST-DR7 galaxies
• Nature versus nurture: relic nature and environment of the most massive passive galaxies at $z<0.5$
• Discovery of two Einstein crosses from massive post--blue nugget galaxies at z>1 in KiDS
• CASCO: Cosmological and AStrophysical parameters from Cosmological simulations and Observations -- I. Constraining physical processes in local star-forming galaxies
• SEAGLE--III: Towards resolving the mismatch in the dark-matter fraction in early-type galaxies between simulations and observations
• The central dark matter fraction of massive early-type galaxies
• The quantity of dark matter in early-type galaxies and its relation to the environment
• Toward a stellar population catalog in the Kilo Degree Survey: the impact of stellar recipes on stellar masses and star formation rates
• CASCO: Cosmological and AStrophysical parameters from Cosmological simulations and Observations -- II. Constraining cosmology and astrophysical processes with early- and late-type galaxies
• Late growth of early-type galaxies in low-z massive clusters
• The catalogue of virtual early-type galaxies from IllustrisTNG: validation and real observation consistency
• Quiescent Galaxy Size, Velocity Dispersion, and Dynamical Mass Evolution
• CASCO: Cosmological and AStrophysical parameters from Cosmological simulations and Observations IV. Testing warm dark matter cosmologies with galaxy scaling relations: A joint simulation-observation study using DREAMS simulations
• Fornax 3D project: assessing the diversity of IMF and stellar population maps within the Fornax Cluster