The third data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey and associated data products

Abstract

The Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) is an ongoing optical wide-field imaging survey with the OmegaCAM camera at the VLT Survey Telescope. It aims to image 1500 square degrees in four filters (ugri). The core science driver is mapping the large-scale matter distribution in the Universe, using weak lensing shear and photometric redshift measurements. Further science cases include galaxy evolution, Milky Way structure, detection of high-redshift clusters, and finding rare sources such as strong lenses and quasars. Here we present the third public data release (DR3) and several associated data products, adding further area, homogenized photometric calibration, photometric redshifts and weak lensing shear measurements to the first two releases. A dedicated pipeline embedded in the Astro-WISE information system is used for the production of the main release. Modifications with respect to earlier releases are described in detail. Photometric redshifts have been derived using both Bayesian template fitting, and machine-learning techniques. For the weak lensing measurements, optimized procedures based on the THELI data reduction and lensfit shear measurement packages are used. In DR3 stacked ugri images, weight maps, masks, and source lists for 292 new survey tiles (~300 sq.deg) are made available. The multi-band catalogue, including homogenized photometry and photometric redshifts, covers the combined DR1, DR2 and DR3 footprint of 440 survey tiles (447 sq.deg). Limiting magnitudes are typically 24.3, 25.1, 24.9, 23.8 (5 sigma in a 2 arcsec aperture) in ugri, respectively, and the typical r-band PSF size is less than 0.7 arcsec. The photometric homogenization scheme ensures accurate colors and an absolute calibration stable to ~2% for gri and ~3% in u. Separately released are a weak lensing shear catalogue and photometric redshifts based on two different machine-learning techniques.

arXiv commentsmall modifications; 27 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

References in corpus (52)

• Maps of Dust IR Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and CMBR Foregrounds
• The Eleventh and Twelfth Data Releases of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Final Data from SDSS-III
• The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: Spectra and redshifts
• Gaia Data Release 1. Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties
• The Ninth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey
• Bayesian photometric redshift estimation
• Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): survey diagnostics and core data release
• KiDS-450: Cosmological parameter constraints from tomographic weak gravitational lensing
• zCOSMOS: A Large VLT/VIMOS redshift survey covering 0 < z < 3 in the COSMOS field
• The Tenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-III Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
• The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: Design, Observations, Data Reduction, and Redshifts
• The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys
• CFHTLenS: The Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): end of survey report and data release 2
• A Three-Dimensional Map of Milky-Way Dust
• SDSS Data Management and Photometric Quality Assessment
• Gaia broad band photometry
• Bayesian Galaxy Shape Measurement for Weak Lensing Surveys - III. Application to the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey
• Gravitational Lensing Analysis of the Kilo Degree Survey
• The Kilo-Degree Survey
• CFHTLenS: The Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey - Imaging Data and Catalogue Products
• Shapelets: I. A Method for Image Analysis
• GaBoDS: The Garching-Bonn Deep Survey; IV. Methods for the Image reduction of multi-chip Cameras
• CFHTLenS: Improving the quality of photometric redshifts with precision photometry
• The first and second data releases of the Kilo-Degree Survey
• Estimating the Redshift Distribution of Faint Galaxy Samples
• ANNz2 - photometric redshift and probability distribution function estimation using machine learning
• KiDS-450: Testing extensions to the standard cosmological model
• CLASH-VLT: The mass, velocity-anisotropy, and pseudo-phase-space density profiles of the z=0.44 galaxy cluster MACS 1206.2-0847
• CARS: the CFHTLS-Archive-Research Survey; I. Five-band multi-colour data from 37 sq. deg. CFHTLS-Wide observations
• Dark matter halo properties of GAMA galaxy groups from 100 square degrees of KiDS weak lensing data
• Calibration of weak-lensing shear in the Kilo-Degree Survey
• THELI -- Convenient reduction of any optical, near- and mid-infrared imaging data
• The Arizona CDFS Environment Survey (ACES): A Magellan/IMACS Spectroscopic Survey of the Chandra Deep Field South
• Hypercalibration: A Pan-STARRS1-based recalibration of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): the effect of close interactions on star formation in galaxies
• The stellar-to-halo mass relation of GAMA galaxies from 100 square degrees of KiDS weak lensing data
• First discoveries of z~6 quasars with the Kilo Degree Survey and VISTA Kilo-Degree Infrared Galaxy survey
• First test of Verlinde's theory of Emergent Gravity using Weak Gravitational Lensing measurements
• RCSLenS: The Red Cluster Sequence Lensing Survey
• Photometric redshifts for Quasars in multi band Surveys
• The 2-degree Field Lensing Survey: design and clustering measurements
• METAPHOR: A machine learning based method for the probability density estimation of photometric redshifts
• The Astro-WISE Optical Image Pipeline: Development and Implementation
• A catalogue of photometric redshifts for the SDSS-DR9 galaxies
• The masses of satellites in GAMA galaxy groups from 100 square degrees of KiDS weak lensing data
• Gaia data release 1, the photometric data
• Machine Learning based photometric redshifts for the KiDS ESO DR2 galaxies
• Towards a census of super-compact massive galaxies in the Kilo Degree Survey
• Dependence of GAMA galaxy halo masses on the cosmic web environment from 100 square degrees of KiDS weak lensing data
• Searching for galaxy clusters in the Kilo-Degree Survey
• Monitoring the photometric behavior of OmegaCAM with Astro-WISE

Cited by in corpus (168)

• The Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP Survey: Overview and Survey Design
• Challenges for $\Lambda$CDM: An update
• KiDS-1000 Cosmology: Cosmic shear constraints and comparison between two point statistics
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR4 Maps and Cosmological Parameters
• First Data Release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program
• A unified pseudo-$C_{\ell }$ framework
• KiDS+VIKING-450: Cosmic shear tomography with optical+infrared data
• The fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey: ugri imaging and nine-band optical-IR photometry over 1000 square degrees
• KiDS-450 + 2dFLenS: Cosmological parameter constraints from weak gravitational lensing tomography and overlapping redshift-space galaxy clustering
• KiDS+GAMA: Cosmology constraints from a joint analysis of cosmic shear, galaxy-galaxy lensing and angular clustering
• KiDS-450: The tomographic weak lensing power spectrum and constraints on cosmological parameters
• KiDS-1000 catalogue: Redshift distributions and their calibration
• Cosmological constraints with deep learning from KiDS-450 weak lensing maps
• KiDS-450: Cosmological Constraints from Weak Lensing Peak Statistics - II: Inference from Shear Peaks using N-body Simulations
• KiDS+VIKING-450 and DES-Y1 combined: Mitigating baryon feedback uncertainty with COSEBIs
• The abundance of ultra-diffuse galaxies from groups to clusters: UDGs are relatively more common in more massive haloes
• The Aemulus Project II: Emulating the Halo Mass Function
• The Complete Calibration of the Color-Redshift Relation (C3R2) Survey: Analysis and Data Release 2
• Photometric Redshift Calibration with Self Organising Maps
• KiDS+VIKING-450: A new combined optical & near-IR dataset for cosmology and astrophysics
• LinKS: Discovering galaxy-scale strong lenses in the Kilo-Degree Survey using Convolutional Neural Networks
• KiDS-450: Cosmological Constraints from Weak Lensing Peak Statistics-I: Inference from Analytical Prediction of High Signal-to-Noise Ratio Convergence Peaks
• Towards emulating cosmic shear data: Revisiting the calibration of the shear measurements for the Kilo-Degree Survey
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Data Release Two with absorption-line physics value-added products
• KiDS+GAMA: Intrinsic alignment model constraints for current and future weak lensing cosmology
• AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3: sample properties and selection function
• Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): Morphological transformation of galaxies across the green valley
• AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3: weak-lensing mass calibration
• AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3: cosmological constraints from counts and stacked weak-lensing
• Photometric redshifts for the Kilo-Degree Survey. Machine-learning analysis with artificial neural networks
• Evolution of galaxy size--stellar mass relation from the Kilo Degree Survey
• KiDS-1000: cosmic shear with enhanced redshift calibration
• KiDS+2dFLenS+GAMA: Testing the cosmological model with the $E_{\mathrm{G}}$ statistic
• Studying galaxy troughs and ridges using Weak Gravitational Lensing with the Kilo-Degree Survey
• Testing KiDS cross-correlation redshifts with simulations
• KiDS+GAMA: Constraints on Horndeski gravity from combined large-scale structure probes
• Bright galaxy sample in the Kilo-Degree Survey Data Release 4: selection, photometric redshifts, and physical properties
• Blasts from the Past: Supernova Shock Breakouts among X-Ray Transients in the XMM-Newton Archive
• catsHTM - A tool for fast accessing and cross-matching large astronomical catalogs
• The hot circumgalactic medium in the eROSITA All-Sky Survey I. X-ray surface brightness profiles
• Testing Convolutional Neural Networks for finding strong gravitational lenses in KiDS
• KiDS-SQuaD: The KiDS Strongly lensed Quasar Detection project
• KiDS-SQuaD II: Machine learning selection of bright extragalactic objects to search for new gravitationally lensed quasars
• KiDS & Euclid: Cosmological implications of a pseudo angular power spectrum analysis of KiDS-1000 cosmic shear tomography
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: a statistical approach to an optimal classification of stellar kinematics in galaxy surveys
• The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. IX. The catalog of sources in the FDS area, with an example study for globular clusters and background galaxies
• The fifth data release of the Kilo Degree Survey: Multi-epoch optical/NIR imaging covering wide and legacy-calibration fields
• Weak lensing constraints on splashback around massive clusters
• Deep Learning for Strong Lensing Search: Tests of the Convolutional Neural Networks and New Candidates from KiDS DR3
• Consistent cosmic shear in the face of systematics: a B-mode analysis of KiDS-450, DES-SV and CFHTLenS
• Photometric selection and redshifts for quasars in the Kilo-Degree Survey Data Release 4
• INSPIRE: INvestigating Stellar Population In RElics -- I. Survey presentation and pilot program
• Catalog of quasars from the Kilo-Degree Survey Data Release 3
• The first sample of spectroscopically confirmed ultra-compact massive galaxies in the Kilo Degree Survey
• Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): Variation in Galaxy Structure Across the Green Valley
• Return of the features. Efficient feature selection and interpretation for photometric redshifts
• The Physics of the Accelerating Universe Camera
• Dust continuum, CO, and [C I] 1-0 lines: self-consistent H2 mass estimates and the possibility of globally CO-dark galaxies at $z=0.35$
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: flipping of the spin-filament alignment correlates most strongly with growth of the bulge
• AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3: Constraints on cosmological parameters and on the normalisation of the mass-richness relation from clustering
• Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): Demonstrating the power of WISE in the study of Galaxy Groups to $z<0.1$
• Machine Learning for Observational Cosmology
• Identifying RR Lyrae Variable Stars in Six Years of the Dark Energy Survey
• A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). II. Physical Properties derived from the SED Fitting with Optical, Infrared, and Radio Data
• KiDS-i-800: Comparing weak gravitational lensing measurements in same-sky surveys
• KiDS-Legacy: Consistency of cosmic shear measurements and joint cosmological constraints with external probes
• The last 6 Gyr of dark matter assembly in massive galaxies from the Kilo Degree Survey
• Neutrino mass and dark energy constraints from redshift-space distortions
• KiDS-1000 cosmology: Combined second- and third-order shear statistics
• Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): Accurate number densities & environments of massive ultracompact galaxies at 0.02 < z < 0.3
• GAMA+KiDS: Alignment of galaxies in galaxy groups and its dependence on galaxy scale
• AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3: cosmological constraints from large-scale stacked weak lensing profiles
• KiDS-SBI: Simulation-based inference analysis of KiDS-1000 cosmic shear
• GAMA+KiDS: Empirical correlations between halo mass and other galaxy properties near the knee of the stellar-to-halo mass relation
• The COS Absorption Survey of Baryon Harbors: The Galaxy Database and Cross-Correlation Analysis of OVI Systems
• Photometric redshifts with machine learning, lights and shadows on a complex data science use case
• Approximating photo-$z$ PDFs for large surveys
• KiDS-1000 Cosmology: Constraints from density split statistics
• KiDS-450: Enhancing cosmic shear with clipping transformations
• Building the largest spectroscopic sample of ultra-compact massive galaxies with the Kilo Degree Survey
• A search for the lenses in the Herschel Bright Sources (HerBS) Sample
• Statistical analysis of probability density functions for photometric redshifts through the KiDS-ESO-DR3 galaxies
• Hypervelocity Stars in the Gaia era. Revisiting the most extreme stars from the MMT survey
• GAlaxy Light profile convolutional neural NETworks (GaLNets). I. fast and accurate structural parameters for billion galaxy samples
• Photometric redshifts for X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei in the eROSITA era
• Quasar Lenses in the South: searches over the DES public footprint
• The dependence of intrinsic alignment of galaxies on wavelength using KiDS and GAMA
• Luminous red galaxies in the Kilo Degree Survey: selection with broad-band photometry and weak lensing measurements
• INSPIRE: INvestigating Stellar Population In RElics II. First Data Release (DR1)
• The impact of baryonic physics and massive neutrinos on weak lensing peak statistics
• Self-calibration and robust propagation of photometric redshift distribution uncertainties in weak gravitational lensing
• The frequency of dust lanes in edge-on spiral galaxies identified by Galaxy Zoo in KiDS imaging of GAMA targets
• Photometric Redshift Uncertainties in Weak Gravitational Lensing Shear Analysis: Models and Marginalization
• Multi-wavelength scaling relations in galaxy groups: a detailed comparison of GAMA and KiDS observations to BAHAMAS simulations
• AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3: Measurement of the halo bias and power spectrum normalization from a stacked weak lensing analysis
• Galaxy morphoto-Z with neural Networks (GaZNets). I. Optimized accuracy and outlier fraction from Imaging and Photometry
• The effects of varying depth in cosmic shear surveys
• Dust and Power: Unravelling the merger - active galactic nucleus connection in the second half of cosmic history
• Cosmology from weak lensing alone and implications for the Hubble tension
• AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3: galaxy population properties and their redshift dependence
• Spectroscopic confirmation and modelling of two lensed quadruple quasars in the Dark Energy Survey public footprint
• AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3: measuring the splashback radius from weak gravitational lensing
• Cosmological Probes of Structure Growth and Tests of Gravity
• Minimising the impact of scale-dependent galaxy bias on the joint cosmological analysis of large scale structures
• A General Framework for Removing Point Spread Function Additive Systematics in Cosmological Weak Lensing Analysis
• Clustering of red-sequence galaxies in the fourth data release ofthe Kilo-Degree Survey
• Compact galaxies and the size-mass galaxy distribution from a colour-selected sample at 0.04 < z < 0.15 supplemented by ugrizYJHK photometric redshifts
• AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3: Evolution of the luminosity function between z=0.1 and z=0.8
• A roadmap to cosmological parameter analysis with third-order shear statistics III: Efficient estimation of third-order shear correlation functions and an application to the KiDS-1000 data
• Nature versus nurture: relic nature and environment of the most massive passive galaxies at $z<0.5$
• Impact of Point Spread Function Higher Moments Error on Weak Gravitational Lensing II: A Comprehensive Study
• Weak Lensing Study in VOICE Survey I: Shear Measurement
• Star-Forming, Rotating Spheroidal Galaxies in the GAMA and SAMI Surveys
• An adapted filter function for density split statistics in weak lensing
• AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3: Cosmological constraints from angular power spectrum and correlation function
• ALMA observations of massive molecular gas reservoirs in dusty early-type galaxies
• Over-density of SMGs in fields containing z~0.3 galaxies: magnification bias and the implications for studies of galaxy evolution
• MeerKAT follow-up of enigmatic GLEAM 4-Jy (G4Jy) sources
• DESI Complete Calibration of the Color-Redshift Relation (DC3R2): Results from early DESI data
• AMICO-COSMOS galaxy cluster and group catalogue up to $z=2$: Sample properties and X-ray counterparts
• TEGLIE: Transformer encoders as strong gravitational lens finders in KiDS
• KiDS+VIKING-450: An internal-consistency test for cosmic shear tomography with a colour-based split of source galaxies
• Star forming and gas rich brightest cluster galaxies at $z\sim 0.4$ in the Kilo-Degree Survey
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly: Galaxy Zoo spiral arms and star formation rates
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Self-Organizing Map Application on Nearby Galaxies
• CoMaLit -- VI. Intrinsic scatter in stacked relations. The weak lensing AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3
• Tightening weak lensing constraints on the ellipticity of galaxy-scale dark matter haloes
• The CluMPR Galaxy Cluster-Finding Algorithm and DESI Legacy Survey Galaxy Cluster Catalogue
• The detection of a massive chain of dark HI clouds in the GAMA G23 Field
• Data Deluge in Astrophysics: Photometric Redshifts as a Template Use Case
• The Loneliest Galaxies in the Universe: A GAMA and GalaxyZoo Study on Void Galaxy Morphology
• Ridges in the Dark Energy Survey for cosmic trough identification
• Exploring the mass and redshift dependence of the cluster pressure profile with stacks on thermal SZ maps
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Gas Fuelling of Spiral Galaxies in the Local Universe II. -- Direct Measurement of the Dependencies on Redshift and Host Halo Mass of Stellar Mass Growth in Central Disk Galaxies
• On constraining Cosmology and the Halo Mass Function with Weak Gravitational Lensing
• The central dark matter fraction of massive early-type galaxies
• Halo shapes constrained from a pure sample of central galaxies in KiDS-1000
• Identification of asteroids using the Virtual Observatory: the WFCAM Transit Survey
• Magnification bias in the shear-ratio test: a viable mitigation strategy
• The Observable Supernova Rate in Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing Systems with the TESS Satellite
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: rules of behaviour for spin-ellipticity radial tracks in galaxies
• Star forming brightest cluster galaxies at $z\sim 0.4$ in KiDS. Further studies of cold gas and stellar properties
• The many flavours of photometric redshifts
• Enhancing Photometric Redshift Catalogs Through Color-Space Analysis: Application to KiDS-Bright Galaxies
• Identification of new M31 star cluster candidates from PAndAS images using convolutional neural networks
• Anomaly detection in Astrophysics: a comparison between unsupervised Deep and Machine Learning on KiDS data
• AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-1000: cosmological constraints and mass calibration from counts and weak lensing
• KiDS+VIKING+GAMA: Testing semi-analytic models of galaxy evolution with galaxy-galaxy-galaxy lensing
• A complete search for redshift z>6.5 quasars in the VIKING survey
• Modeling Strong Lenses from Wide-Field Ground-Based Observations in KiDS and GAMA
• A Framework for Measuring Weak-Lensing Magnification Using the Fundamental Plane
• AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3: constraints on $\Lambda$CDM from extreme value statistics
• Galaxy and halo angular clustering in LCDM and Modified Gravity cosmologies
• Color Transformations of Photometric Measurements of Galaxies in Optical and Near-Infrared Wide-Field Imaging Surveys
• INSPIRE: INvestigating Stellar Populations In RElics. IX. KiDS J0842+0059: the first fully confirmed relic beyond the local Universe
• Euclid Preparation: XIV. The Complete Calibration of the Color-Redshift Relation (C3R2) Survey: Data Release 3
• Model-independent constraints on clustering and growth of cosmic structures from BOSS DR12 galaxies in harmonic space
• On the tomographic cluster clustering as a cosmological probe
• The intragroup light in KiDS+GAMA groups: A stacking analysis
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): The Dependence of Star Formation on Surface Brightness in Low Redshift Galaxies
• Dusty Clump Survival in Supernova Ejecta: Dust-Mediated Growth vs. Crushing by the Reverse Shock
• Using Deep Learning Methods to Detect for Ultra-diffuse Galaxies in KiDS
• Search for Ultraviolet Luminous Objects in GALEX data
• Impact of Point Spread Function Higher Moments Error on Weak Gravitational Lensing
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly: A Comparison between Galaxy-Galaxy Lens Searches in KiDS/GAMA
• AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-1000: Splashback radius from weak lensing and cluster-galaxy correlation function
• AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3: the impact of estimator statistics on the luminosity-mass scaling relation
• Cosmological implications of the full shape of anisotropic clustering measurements in BOSS and eBOSS