COZMIC. I. Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations with Initial Conditions Beyond Cold Dark Matter

Abstract

We present 72 cosmological dark matter-only $N$-body zoom-in simulations with initial conditions beyond cold, collisionless dark matter (CDM), as the first installment of the COZMIC suite. We simulate Milky Way (MW) analogs with linear matter power spectra $P(k)$ for i) thermal-relic warm dark matter (WDM) with masses $m_{\mathrm{WDM}}\in [3,4,5,6,6.5,10]\mathrm{keV}$, ii) fuzzy dark matter (FDM) with masses $m_{\mathrm{FDM}}\in [25.9,69.4,113,151,185,490]\times 10^{-22}\mathrm{eV}$, and iii) interacting dark matter (IDM) with a velocity-dependent elastic proton scattering cross section $\sigma ={\sigma }_0{v}^n$ relative particle velocity scaling $n\in [2,4]$, and dark matter mass $m_{\mathrm{IDM}}\in [10^{-4},10^{-2},1]$ GeV. Subhalo mass function (SHMF) suppression is significantly steeper in FDM versus WDM, while dark acoustic oscillations in $P(k)$ can reduce SHMF suppression for IDM. We fit SHMF models to our simulation results and derive new bounds on WDM and FDM from the MW satellite population, obtaining $m_{\mathrm{WDM}}>5.9\mathrm{keV}$ and $m_{\mathrm{FDM}}>1.4\times 10^{-20}\mathrm{eV}$ at $95\%$ confidence; these limits are $\approx 10\%$ weaker and $5\times$ stronger than previous constraints owing to the updated transfer functions and SHMF models, respectively. We estimate IDM bounds for $n=2$ ($n=4$) and obtain ${\sigma }_0<1.0\times 10^{-27}$, $1.3\times 10^{-24}$, and $3.1\times 10^{-23}{\mathrm{cm}}^2$ (${\sigma }_0<9.9\times 10^{-27}$, $9.8\times 10^{-21}$, and $2.1\times 10^{-17}{\mathrm{cm}}^2$) for $m_{\mathrm{IDM}}=10^{-4}$, $10^{-2}$, and $1$ GeV, respectively. Thus, future development of IDM SHMF models can improve IDM cross section bounds by up to a factor of $\sim 20$ with current data. COZMIC presents an important step toward accurate small-scale structure modeling in beyond-CDM cosmologies, critical to upcoming observational searches for dark matter physics.

36 pages, 19 figures, 2 tables; updated to published version. Data is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14649137. Figure 13 replaced with correct version

References in corpus (136)

• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering
• The cosmological simulation code GADGET-2
• Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Parameter Results
• LSST: from Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products
• Dark Matter Substructure in Galactic Halos
• Where are the missing galactic satellites?
• Statistical Properties of X-ray Clusters: Analytic and Numerical Comparisons
• Axion Cosmology
• String Axiverse
• The Aquarius Project: the subhalos of galactic halos
• Cold and Fuzzy Dark Matter
• Ultralight scalars as cosmological dark matter
• Small-Scale Challenges to the $\Lambda$CDM Paradigm
• The Rockstar Phase-Space Temporal Halo Finder and the Velocity Offsets of Cluster Cores
• Concentrations of Dark Halos from their Assembly Histories
• Halo Formation in Warm Dark Matter Models
• Dark Matter Self-interactions and Small Scale Structure
• Cosmic Structure as the Quantum Interference of a Coherent Dark Wave
• Constraining Warm Dark Matter candidates including sterile neutrinos and light gravitinos with WMAP and the Lyman-alpha forest
• Multi-scale initial conditions for cosmological simulations
• How supernova feedback turns dark matter cusps into cores
• Warm Dark Matter as a solution to the small scale crisis: new constraints from high redshift Lyman-alpha forest data
• Gravitationally Consistent Halo Catalogs and Merger Trees for Precision Cosmology
• New Constraints on the free-streaming of warm dark matter from intermediate and small scale Lyman-$\alpha$ forest data
• The Santa Barbara cluster comparison project: a comparison of cosmological hydrodynamics solutions
• First constraints on fuzzy dark matter from Lyman-$\alpha$ forest data and hydrodynamical simulations
• The properties of warm dark matter haloes
• Vector Dark Matter from Inflationary Fluctuations
• A search for ultra-light axions using precision cosmological data
• Earth-mass dark-matter haloes as the first structures in the early Universe
• Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter
• Not so lumpy after all: modeling the depletion of dark matter subhalos by Milky Way-like galaxies
• Milky Way Satellite Census. III. Constraints on Dark Matter Properties from Observations of Milky Way Satellite Galaxies
• Strong bound on canonical ultra-light axion dark matter from the Lyman-alpha forest
• Constraining Dark Matter-Baryon Scattering with Linear Cosmology
• Constraining the mass of light bosonic dark matter using SDSS Lyman-$\alpha$ forest
• Nonlinear Evolution of Cosmological Structures in Warm Dark Matter Models
• Warm dark matter chills out: constraints on the halo mass function and the free-streaming length of dark matter with 8 quadruple-image strong gravitational lenses
• The Radial Distribution of Galaxies in LCDM clusters
• Cores in warm dark matter haloes: a Catch 22 problem
• ETHOS - An Effective Theory of Structure Formation: Dark matter physics as a possible explanation of the small-scale CDM problems
• ETHOS - An Effective Theory of Structure Formation: From dark particle physics to the matter distribution of the Universe
• Turning off the Lights: How Dark is Dark Matter?
• Discreteness effects in simulations of Hot/Warm dark matter
• There is No Missing Satellites Problem
• The power spectrum of SUSY-CDM on sub-galactic scales
• Large Scale Structure Tests of Warm Dark Matter
• Constraining Dark Matter candidates from structure formation
• The Large-Misalignment Mechanism for the Formation of Compact Axion Structures: Signatures from the QCD Axion to Fuzzy Dark Matter
• Milky Way Satellite Census. II. Galaxy--Halo Connection Constraints Including the Impact of the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Contrasting Galaxy Formation from Quantum Wave Dark Matter, $\psi$DM, with $\Lambda$CDM, using Planck and Hubble Data
• SubHaloes going Notts: The SubHalo-Finder Comparison Project
• SHARP -- VII. New constraints on the dark matter free-streaming properties and substructure abundance from gravitationally lensed quasars
• Dark Matter Halo Merger Histories Beyond Cold Dark Matter: I - Methods and Application to Warm Dark Matter
• Milky Way Satellite Census. I. The Observational Selection Function for Milky Way Satellites in DES Y3 and Pan-STARRS DR1
• Constraints on Dark Matter interactions from structure formation: Damping lengths
• Constraints on Dark Matter Microphysics from the Milky Way Satellite Population
• The mass of the Milky Way from satellite dynamics
• Dark matter substructure and dwarf galactic satellites
• The Warm DM halo mass function below the cut-off scale
• Constraints on scattering of keV--TeV dark matter with protons in the early Universe
• Reheating Effects in the Matter Power Spectrum and Implications for Substructure
• A Critical Assessment of CMB Limits on Dark Matter-Baryon Scattering: New Treatment of the Relative Bulk Velocity
• Using the Milky Way satellites to study interactions between cold dark matter and radiation
• Interacting Dark Matter disguised as Warm Dark Matter
• The COpernicus COmplexio: Statistical Properties of Warm Dark Matter Haloes
• On the origin of cold dark matter halo density profiles
• "Non-cold" dark matter at small scales: a general approach
• Phat ELVIS: The inevitable effect of the Milky Way's disk on its dark matter subhaloes
• Structure formation in large-volume cosmological simulations of fuzzy dark matter: Impact of the non-linear dynamics
• Novel constraints on the particle nature of dark matter from stellar streams
• Joint constraints on thermal relic dark matter from strong gravitational lensing, the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest, and Milky Way satellites
• Sussing Merger Trees: The Merger Trees Comparison Project
• Dark Matter Constraints from a Unified Analysis of Strong Gravitational Lenses and Milky Way Satellite Galaxies
• A Quantification of the Butterfly Effect in Cosmological Simulations and Implications for Galaxy Scaling Relations
• The Subhalo Mass Function and Ultralight Bosonic Dark Matter
• The Dependence of Subhalo Abundance on Halo Concentration
• Astrophysical constraints on resonantly produced sterile neutrino dark matter
• Constraints on the properties of warm dark matter using the satellite galaxies of the Milky Way
• New Constraints on Warm Dark Matter from the Lyman-$\alpha$ Forest Power Spectrum
• First Cosmological Constraint on the Effective Theory of Dark Matter-Proton Interactions
• AxioNyx: Simulating Mixed Fuzzy and Cold Dark Matter
• AX-GADGET: a new code for cosmological simulations of Fuzzy Dark Matter and Axion models
• Lyman-$\alpha$ constraints on freeze-in and superWIMPs
• Dark matter-radiation interactions: the impact on dark matter haloes
• Ultra-light axions and the $S_8$ tension: joint constraints from the cosmic microwave background and galaxy clustering
• Tidal disruption of fuzzy dark matter subhalo cores
• Unveiling Dark Matter free-streaming at the smallest scales with high redshift Lyman-alpha forest
• Modeling the Connection Between Subhalos and Satellites in Milky Way-like Systems
• A lensed radio jet at milli-arcsecond resolution II: Constraints on fuzzy dark matter from an extended gravitational arc
• Dark matter-radiation interactions: the structure of Milky Way satellite galaxies
• New limits on light dark matter - proton cross section from the cosmic large-scale structure
• Warm Dark Matter Constraints Using Milky-Way Satellite Observations and Subhalo Evolution Modeling
• Modeling the Impact of Baryons on Subhalo Populations with Machine Learning
• Properties of Local Group galaxies in hydrodynamical simulations of sterile neutrino dark matter cosmologies
• Bounds on velocity-dependent dark matter-proton scattering from Milky Way satellite abundance
• Symphony: Cosmological Zoom-in Simulation Suites over Four Decades of Host Halo Mass
• The halo mass function and filaments in full cosmological simulations with fuzzy dark matter
• The Axiverse Extended: Vacuum Destabilisation, Early Dark Energy and Cosmological Collapse
• NIHAO -- XXV. Convergence in the cusp-core transformation of cold dark matter haloes at high star formation thresholds
• Deep zoom-in simulation of a fuzzy dark matter galactic halo
• Implications of Milky Way Substructures for the Nature of Dark Matter
• Dwarf galaxies imply dark matter is heavier than $2.2\times 10^{-21}\mathbf{eV}$
• Full-shape BOSS constraints on dark matter interacting with dark radiation and lifting the $S_8$ tension
• Towards a general parametrization of the warm dark matter halo mass function
• Galaxy Formation: Warm Dark Matter, Missing Satellites, and the Angular Momentum Problem
• Connecting the structure of dark matter haloes to the primordial power spectrum
• Forecasts for Galaxy Formation and Dark Matter Constraints from Dwarf Galaxy Surveys
• $S_8$ Tension in the Context of Dark Matter-Baryon Scattering
• $5\sigma$ tension between Planck cosmic microwave background and eBOSS Lyman-alpha forest and constraints on physics beyond $\Lambda$CDM
• And In The Darkness Unbind Them: High-Resolution Simulations of Dark Matter Subhalo Disruption in a Milky Way-like Tidal Field
• Constraints on dark matter-neutrino scattering from the Milky-Way satellites and subhalo modeling for dark acoustic oscillations
• The spatial distribution of Milky Way satellites, gaps in streams and the nature of dark matter
• ETHOS -- An effective parametrization and classification for structure formation: the non-linear regime at $z\gtrsim 5$
• Accurate effective fluid approximation for ultralight axions
• Structure Formation and the Global 21-cm Signal in the Presence of Coulomb-like Dark Matter-Baryon Interactions
• The halo mass function and inner structure of ETHOS haloes at high redshift
• Milky Way-est: Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations with Large Magellanic Cloud and Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus Analogs
• The halo mass function in alternative dark matter models
• Dark acoustic oscillations: Imprints on the matter power spectrum and the halo mass function
• Tidal evolution of cored and cuspy dark matter halos
• Introducing the AIDA-TNG project: galaxy formation in alternative dark matter models
• The Effect of Thermal Velocities on Structure Formation in N-body Simulations of Warm Dark Matter
• Fuzzy Aquarius: evolution of a Milky-way like system in the Fuzzy Dark Matter scenario
• Dark matter coupled to radiation: Limits from the Milky Way satellites
• Galactic satellite systems in CDM, WDM and SIDM
• Constraining neutrino-DM interactions with Milky Way dwarf spheroidals and supernova neutrinos
• The signal of decaying dark matter with hydrodynamical simulations
• Evaluating Lyman-$\alpha$ Constraints for General Dark-Matter Velocity Distributions: Multiple Scales and Cautionary Tales
• On the cosmology and terrestrial signals of sexaquark dark matter
• ARTEMIS emulator: exploring the effect of cosmology and galaxy formation physics on Milky Way-mass haloes and their satellites
• COZMIC. II. Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations with Fractional non-CDM Initial Conditions
• Dark Matter-Induced Baryonic Feedback in Galaxies
• Weak Lensing Constraints on Dark Matter-Baryon Interactions with $N$-Body Simulations and Machine Learning

Cited by in corpus (3)

• Fuzzy dark matter simulations
• Warm, not Fuzzy: Generalized Ultralight Dark Matter Limits from Milky Way Satellites
• The Non-universal Pseudo Phase-Space Density Profiles of Symphony Host Halos