Multi-scale initial conditions for cosmological simulations

Abstract

We discuss a new algorithm to generate multi-scale initial conditions with multiple levels of refinements for cosmological "zoom-in" simulations. The method uses an adaptive convolution of Gaussian white noise with a real space transfer function kernel together with an adaptive multi-grid Poisson solver to generate displacements and velocities following first (1LPT) or second order Lagrangian perturbation theory (2LPT). The new algorithm achieves RMS relative errors of order 10^(-4) for displacements and velocities in the refinement region and thus improves in terms of errors by about two orders of magnitude over previous approaches. In addition, errors are localized at coarse-fine boundaries and do not suffer from Fourier-space induced interference ringing. An optional hybrid multi-grid and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) based scheme is introduced which has identical Fourier space behaviour as traditional approaches. Using a suite of re-simulations of a galaxy cluster halo our real space based approach is found to reproduce correlation functions, density profiles, key halo properties and subhalo abundances with per cent level accuracy. Finally, we generalize our approach for two-component baryon and dark-matter simulations and demonstrate that the power spectrum evolution is in excellent agreement with linear perturbation theory. For initial baryon density fields, it is suggested to use the local Lagrangian approximation in order to generate a density field for mesh based codes that is consistent with Lagrangian perturbation theory instead of the current practice of using the Eulerian linearly scaled densities.

22 pages, 24 figures. MNRAS in press. Updated affiliations

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• Modeling multi-phase gases in cosmological simulations using compressible multi-fluid hydrodynamics
• Enhanced star formation in $z\sim 6$ quasar companions
• Delayed Photons from Binary Evolution Help Reionize the Universe
• Multi-wavelength mock galaxy catalogs of the low-redshift Universe
• Exploring extensions to the standard cosmological model and the impact of baryons on small scales
• The mass-metallicity relation as a ruler for galaxy evolution: insights from the James Webb Space Telescope
• Constraining the reionization and thermal history of the Universe using a semi-numerical photon-conserving code SCRIPT
• Satellite galaxies in groups in the CIELO Project I. Gas removal from galaxies and its re-distribution in the intragroup medium
• The Location and Environments of Neutron Star Mergers in an Evolving Universe
• EDGE: A new approach to suppressing numerical diffusion in adaptive mesh simulations of galaxy formation
• A jolt to the system: ram pressure on low-mass galaxies in simulations of the Local Group
• High-redshift Galaxy Formation with Self-consistently Modeled Stars and Massive Black Holes: Stellar Feedback and Quasar Growth
• On the origin of the peak of the stellar initial mass function: exploring the tidal screening theory
• The AGORA High-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project. V: Satellite Galaxy Populations In A Cosmological Zoom-in Simulation of A Milky Way-mass Halo
• UV regulated star formation in high-redshift galaxies
• From dark matter halos to pre-stellar cores: High resolution follow-up of cosmological Lyman-Werner simulations
• Hydrodynamical structure formation in Milgromian cosmology
• First Structure Formation under the Influence of Gas-Dark Matter Streaming Velocity and Density: Impact of the Baryons-trace-dark matter Approximation
• Swarm Intelligence-based Extraction and Manifold Crawling Along the Large-Scale Structure
• The AGORA High-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project. VI. Similarities and Differences in the Circumgalactic Medium
• Unraveling the interplay between SIDM and baryons in MW halos: defining where baryons dictate heat transfer
• The dark side of FIRE: predicting the population of dark matter subhaloes around Milky Way-mass galaxies
• How do Primordial Black Holes change the Halo Mass Function and Structure?
• Leavers and remainers: Galaxies split by group-exit
• Early galaxy growth: mergers or gravitational instability?
• Dark matter capture by the Sun: revisiting velocity distribution uncertainties
• Renormalisation of linear halo bias in N-body simulations
• Noiseless Gravitational Lensing Simulations
• Global radiation signature from early structure formation
• Informing dark matter direct detection limits with the ARTEMIS simulations
• Inception of a first quasar at cosmic dawn
• The present-day gas content of simulated field dwarf galaxies
• Positive or Negative? The Impact of X-ray Feedback on the Formation of Direct Collapse Black Hole Seeds
• Magnetogenesis at Cosmic Dawn: Tracing the Origins of Cosmic Magnetic Fields
• Cosmological simulations of self-interacting Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter
• The First Fall is the Hardest: The Importance of Peculiar Galaxy Dynamics at Infall Time for Tidal Stripping Acting at the Centers of Groups and Clusters
• Mufasa:The strength and evolution of galaxy conformity in various tracers
• 1-DREAM: 1D Recovery, Extraction and Analysis of Manifolds in noisy environments
• Direct-collapse black hole formation induced by internal radiation of host halos
• Virial halo mass function in the $Planck$ cosmology
• Clumpy galaxies in cosmological simulations: The effect of ISM model
• Mapping Lyman-alpha forest three-dimensional large scale structure in real and redshift space
• Probing Reionization and Early Cosmic Enrichment with the MgII Forest
• A Subgrid Turbulent Mean Field Dynamo Model for Cosmological Galaxy Formation Simulations
• The galaxy - halo connection in low mass halos
• The Origin and Evolution of Lyman-alpha Blobs in Cosmological Galaxy Formation Simulations
• Spatial and orbital planes of the Milky Way satellites: unusual but consistent with $\Lambda$CDM
• Calibration of a star formation and feedback model for cosmological simulations with Enzo
• Internal dark matter structure of the most massive galaxy clusters
• The sparkling Universe: a scenario for cosmic void motions
• Impact of gas based seeding on supermassive black hole populations at $z\ge 7$
• COZMIC. I. Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations with Initial Conditions Beyond Cold Dark Matter
• On the effect of Lyman alpha trapping during the initial collapse of massive black hole seeds
• Topology and geometry of the dark matter web: a multistream view
• Initial conditions for cosmological N-body simulations of the scalar sector of theories of Newtonian, Relativistic and Modified Gravity
• Testing Feedback from Star Clusters in Simulations of the Milky Way Formation
• The Manhattan Suite: Accelerated galaxy evolution in the early Universe
• Virgo: an unlikely cluster of galaxies because of its environment
• Stellar cluster formation in a Milky Way-sized galaxy at z>4 -- I. The proto-globular cluster population and the imposter amongst us
• Formation of proto-globular cluster candidates in cosmological simulations of dwarf galaxies at $z>4$
• s-process Enirchment of Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxies
• Intermittent fragmentation and statistical variations during gas collapse in magnetised atomic cooling haloes
• The impact and response of minihalos and the inter-halo medium on cosmic reionization
• Dwarf galaxies as a probe of a primordially magnetized Universe
• The effect of dark matter resolution on the collapse of baryons in high redshift numerical simulations
• Role of magnetic fields in the formation of direct collapse black holes
• The Galaxy Replacement Technique (GRT): a New Approach to Study Tidal Stripping and Formation of Intracluster Light in a Cosmological Context
• Mechanical feedback from stellar winds with an application to galaxy formation at high redshift
• Radio Power from Direct-Collapse Black Holes
• The Impact of Molecular Hydrogen Cooling on the Galaxy Formation Threshold
• Dwarf galaxy formation with and without dark matter-baryon streaming velocities
• Simulating Globular Clusters in Dark Matter Sub-Halos
• Constrained cosmological simulations of the Local Group using Bayesian hierarchical field-level inference
• Little Red Dots as Direct-collapse Black Hole Nurseries
• Perfectly parallel cosmological simulations using spatial comoving Lagrangian acceleration
• Timescales for Hi consumption and SFR depletion of satellite galaxies in groups
• The $n$-point streaming model: how velocities shape correlation functions in redshift space
• The Effect of Cosmic Rays on the Observational Properties of the CGM
• Galactic satellite systems in CDM, WDM and SIDM
• Massive black hole formation in Population III star clusters
• Constraining IGM enrichment and metallicity with the C IV forest correlation function
• Impact of Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter on Gas Properties at Very High Redshift: A Semi-Analytical Model
• SIDM Concerto: Compilation and Data Release of Self-interacting Dark Matter Zoom-in Simulations
• Fragmentation in Population III Galaxies formed through Ionizing Radiation
• The Physical Nature of Circumgalactic Medium Absorbers in Simba
• Selecting ultra-faint dwarf candidate progenitors in cosmological N-body simulations at high redshifts
• Mock halo catalogs: assigning unresolved halo properties using correlations with local halo environment
• Cosmic Sands: The Origin of Dusty, Star-forming Galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization
• Cosmology with Galaxy Clusters: Systematic Effects in the Halo Mass Function
• Rhapsody-C simulations -- Anisotropic thermal conduction, black hole physics, and the robustness of massive galaxy cluster scaling relations
• The Past History of Galaxy Clusters told by their present neighbors
• Devouring the Milky Way Satellites: Modeling Dwarf Galaxies with Galacticus
• Exploring the effects of primordial non-Gaussianity at galactic scales
• Confrontation of Top-Hat Spherical Collapse against Dark Halos from Cosmological N-Body Simulations
• Formation of Pop II star clusters in the aftermath of a pair instability supernova
• Unexpected dancing partners: Tracing the coherence between the spin and motion of dark matter halos
• Precision cosmology with baryons: non-radiative hydrodynamics of galaxy groups
• Setting the Stage: Structures from Gaussian Random Fields
• Star Formation and Chemical Enrichment in Protoclusters
• Zoom-in cosmological hydrodynamical simulation of a star-forming barred, spiral galaxy at redshift z=2
• Efficient exploration of reionization parameters for the upcoming 21 cm observations using a photon conserving semi-numerical model SCRIPT
• Gas Cooling in Hydrodynamic Simulations with An Exact Time Integration Scheme
• A multishock scenario for the formation of radio relics
• Shape and Spin of Minihaloes. II: The Effect of Streaming Velocities
• A fast method of reionization parameter space exploration using GPR trained SCRIPT
• Connecting Primordial Star Forming Regions and Second Generation Star Formation in the Phoenix Simulations
• Resolution Convergence in Cosmological Hydrodynamical Simulations Using Adaptive Mesh Refinement
• Imprints of the cosmic void evolution on the baryon processes inside galaxy haloes
• Direct Collapse to Supermassive Black Hole Seeds: Comparing the AMR and SPH Approaches
• Global analysis of luminosity- and colour-dependent galaxy clustering in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Sliding into DM: Determining the local dark matter density and speed distribution using only the local circular speed of the Galaxy
• On the Origin of the High Star-Formation Efficiency in Massive Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn
• Learning the Universe: Cosmological and Astrophysical Parameter Inference with Galaxy Luminosity Functions and Colours
• A morphological analysis of the substructures in radio relics
• Detecting preheating in proto-clusters with Lyman-$\alpha$ Forest Tomography
• Non-Halo Structures and their Effects on Gravitational Lensing
• Emergence of Galactic Morphologies at Cosmic Dawn: Input from Numerical Modeling
• Spatially resolved [CII]-gas conversion factor in early galaxies
• Predictions on the stellar-to-halo mass relation in the dwarf regime using the empirical model for galaxy formation EMERGE
• Shape and Spin of Minihaloes: From Large Scales to the Centres
• Particle initialization effects on Lyman-$\alpha$ forest statistics in cosmological SPH simulations
• Amplification of Magnetic Fields in a Primordial HII Region and Supernova
• The CIDER simulations: Nonlinear structure formation in the Constrained Interacting Dark Energy Scenario
• Halo formation and evolution in scalar field dark matter and cold dark matter: New insights from the fluid approach
• ARTEMIS emulator: exploring the effect of cosmology and galaxy formation physics on Milky Way-mass haloes and their satellites
• Is GN-z11 powered by a super-Eddington massive black hole?
• Playing with FIRE: A Galactic Feedback-Halting Experiment Challenges Star Formation Rate Theories
• Ghostly Stellar Haloes and their Relationship to Ultra-faint Dwarfs
• Does the structure of Pop III supernova ejecta affect the elemental abundance of extremely metal-poor stars?
• The Lost Dwarfs of Centaurus A and the Formation of its Dark Globular Clusters
• The Gas Accretion History of Low Mass Halos within the Cosmic Web from Cosmological Simulations
• Gas accretion and Ram Pressure Stripping of Haloes in Void Walls
• The Effects of Linear Matter Power Spectrum Enhancement on Dark Matter Substructure
• Diverse dark matter profiles in FIRE dwarfs: black holes, cosmic rays and the cusp-core enigma
• A framework to mitigate patchy reionization contamination on the primordial gravitational wave signal
• EMERGE: Constraining merging probabilities and timescales of close galaxy pairs
• A comparison of ${\text{H}}_2$ formation models at high redshift
• The [C II] line emission as an interstellar medium probe in the MARIGOLD galaxies
• Relative baryon-dark matter velocities in cosmological zoom simulations
• Consistency analysis of a Dark Matter velocity dependent force as an alternative to the Cosmological Constant
• Diverse Properties of Interstellar Medium Embedding Gamma-Ray Bursts at the Epoch of Reionization
• Cosmological simulations of the same spiral galaxy: connecting the dark matter distribution of the host halo with the subgrid baryonic physics
• Effects of Neutrino Masses and Asymmetries on Dark Matter Halo Assembly
• Hungry or Not: How Stellar-Mass Black Holes Grow (or Don't) in Dark Matter Mini-Haloes at High-Resolution
• EDEN: Exploring Disks Embedded in N-body simulations of Milky-Way-mass halos from Symphony
• Automatic detection of large-scale flux ropes and their geoeffectiveness with a machine learning approach
• COZMIC. II. Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations with Fractional non-CDM Initial Conditions
• Trial by FIRE: Probing the dark matter density profile of dwarf galaxies with GraphNPE
• The Shape of FIREbox Galaxies and a Potential Tension with Low-mass Disks
• Central densities of dark matter halos in FIRE-2 simulations of low-mass galaxies with cold dark matter and self-interacting dark matter
• Spectral Signatures of Population III and Envelope-stripped Stars in Galaxies at the Epoch of Reionization
• Internal r-process abundance spread of M15 and a single stellar population model
• Metal distribution in the ICM - a comprehensive numerical study of twelve galaxy clusters
• Probing $z\gtrsim 6$ massive black holes with gravitational waves
• A Simulated Galaxy Laboratory: Exploring the Observational Effects on UV Spectral Absorption Line Measurements
• Prospects of FRBs and Large Scale 21 cm Power Spectra in Constraining the Epoch of Reionization
• COZMIC. III. Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations of Self-interacting Dark Matter with Suppressed Initial Conditions
• Suppression of H2-cooling in protogalaxies aided by trapped Lyα cooling radiation
• Improving Performance of Zoom-In Cosmological Simulations using Initial Conditions with Customized Grids
• Measuring our peculiar velocity from spectroscopic redshift surveys
• Cosmological Zoom-In Simulations of Milky Way Host Mass Dark Matter Halos with a Blue-Tilted Primordial Power Spectrum
• The Convergence of Particle-in-Cell Schemes for Cosmological Dark Matter Simulations
• Learning the Universe: Learning to Optimize Cosmic Initial Conditions with Non-Differentiable Structure Formation Models
• Diversifying halo structures in two-component self-interacting dark matter models via mass segregation
• Evolving beyond z=0: insights about the future of stars and the intergalactic medium
• Predicting Localized Primordial Star Formation with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
• Detectability of large correlation length inflationary magnetic field with Cherenkov telescopes
• Dark matter haloes: a multistream view
• The bias from hydrodynamic simulations: mapping baryon physics onto dark matter fields
• Fuzzy dark matter simulations
• Relativistic matter bispectrum of cosmic structures on the light cone
• Growth of Light Seed Black Holes in the Early Universe
• A comparison of numerical methods for computing the reionization of intergalacitc hydrogen and helium by a central radiating source
• Starting Cosmological Simulations from the Big Bang
• Population III star formation: multiple gas phases prevent the use of an equation of state at high densities
• Impact of primordial black holes on the formation of the first stars and galaxies
• Improved Halo Model Calibrations for Mixed Dark Matter Models of Ultralight Axions
• Euclid preparation. The impact of relativistic redshift-space distortions on two-point clustering statistics from the Euclid wide spectroscopic survey
• Mass accretion rates and multi-scale halo environment in cold and warm dark matter cosmologies
• Exploring effects of IMF sampling and SN feedback injection on star formation and metallicity in ultra-faint dwarf galaxies
• Feedback from intermediate mass black holes on dwarf galaxy morphology at z=2
• Machine-guided Exploration and Calibration of Astrophysical Simulations
• Triggered Population III star formation: the effect of H${}_2$ self-shielding
• Devouring The Centaurus A Satellites: Modeling Dwarf Galaxies with Galacticus
• Dissecting Cosmological Filaments at High Redshifts: Emergence of Spaghetti-type Flow Inside DM Haloes
• Direct Collapse Accretion Disks Within Dark Matter Halos: Saturation of the Magnetorotational Instability and the Field Expulsion
• Using dust to constrain dark matter models
• Understanding Stellar Mass-Metallicity and Size Relations in Simulated Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies
• The AGORA High-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project. X: Formation and Evolution of Galaxies at the High-redshift Frontier
• The impact of cosmic ray feedback during the epoch of reionisation
• The Assembly of the Virgo Cluster, Traced by its Galaxy Halos
• ACACIA: a new method to produce on-the-fly merger trees in the RAMSES code
• The imprint of dark subhaloes on the circumgalactic medium
• DARKSKIES: A suite of super-sampled zoom-in simulations of galaxy clusters with self-interacting dark matter
• The Cosmic Mach Number as an Environment Measure for the Underlying Dark Matter Density Field
• The Effect of Corner Modes in the Initial Conditions of Cosmological Simulations
• Direct Collapse to Precursors of Supermassive Black Hole Seeds:Radiation-feedback-generated Outflows
• Metamorphosis of dwarf halo density profile under dark matter decays
• Properties of Globular Clusters in Galaxy Clusters: Sensitivity from the Formation and Evolution of Globular Clusters
• Population III Star Formation in an X-ray background: II. Protostellar Discs, Multiplicity and Mass Function of the Stars
• HI asymmetries in spatially resolved SIMBA galaxies
• Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Feedback in Dwarf Galaxies: a View from Cosmological Simulations
• Nitrogen enhancement of GN-z11 by metal pollution from supermassive stars
• Aeos: The Impact of Population III Initial Mass Function and Star-by-Star Models in Galaxy Simulations
• Acceleration of the tree method with SIMD instruction set
• The large-scale monopole of the power spectrum in a Euclid-like survey: wide-angle effects, lensing, and the `finger of the observer'
• Cosmological Simulations of Satellites around Isolated Dwarf Galaxies
• Evolving Ultralight Scalars into Non-Linearity with Lagrangian Perturbation Theory
• Free-floating molecular clumps and gas mixing: hydrodynamic aftermaths of the intracluster$-$interstellar medium interaction
• The Diversity of Core Halo Structure in the Fuzzy Dark Matter Model
• How Many Bursts Does it Take to Form a Core at the Center of a Galaxy?
• A Hierarchical Shock Model of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays
• Excursion Sets with a "Perfect" Collapse Model
• Rise of the forsaken relics: connecting present-day stellar streams and phase-mixed galaxies to the Epoch of Reionization
• High-Redshift Galactic Outflows: Orientation Effects, Kinematics, and Metallicity in TNG50 and SERRA
• ARCHITECTS I: Impact of subgrid physics on the simulated properties of the circumgalactic medium
• Reduced Gas Accretion onto Galaxies due to Effects of External Giant Radio Lobes
• Multi-wavelength properties of $z\gtrsim 6$ LISA detectable events
• Emergence of the Galaxy Morphology-Star Formation Activity-Clustercentric Radius Relations in Galaxy Clusters
• Star-formation Properties of z ~ 1 Galaxy Clusters and Groups from Horizon Run 5
• Simulating gravitational motion, gas dynamics, and structure in the cosmos
• Population III Star Formation in an X-ray background: I. Critical Halo Mass of Formation and Total Mass in Stars
• Interpretability of deep-learning methods applied to large-scale structure surveys
• Dynamic Zoom Simulations of structure formation beyond standard cosmology
• Rapid sinking and efficient mergers of supermassive black holes in compact high-redshift galaxies
• Validating the CROCODILE model within the AGORA galaxy simulation framework
• Identification of Candidate Halos Hosting Massive Black Hole Seeds in the $\text{Renaissance}$ Simulations with Support Vector Machines
• 3D elemental abundances of stars at formation across the histories of Milky Way-mass galaxies in the FIRE simulations
• Accelerating reionization constraints: An ANN-emulator framework for the SCRIPT Semi-numerical Model
• Cosmic voids and BAO with relative baryon-CDM perturbations
• Ginnungagap -- a massively parallel cosmological initial conditions generator
• A bubble size distribution model for the Epoch of Reionization
• Internal dark matter structure of the most massive galaxy clusters since redshift 1
• CROCODILE-DWARF: Assembly and Kinematics of Field Dwarf Galaxies with GADGET4-OSAKA
• The role of gas fragmentation during the formation of supermassive black holes
• Reionization in HESTIA: Studying reionization in the LG through zoom simulations
• Turbulence in the intragroup and circumgalactic medium
• Segmenting proto-halos with vision transformers
• The DORCHA suite: nature, nurture, and the phase space distribution of the Milky Way's high redshift progenitors today
• Tidal adaptive softening and artificial fragmentation in cosmological simulations
• Addressing the too-big-to-fail problem and the void phenomenon through a modified initial power spectrum
• Modeling Cosmological Evolution of Jetted Seyfert Galaxies for z<10
• Comparison of simulations and semi-analytical model for WDM subhalo mass functions
• Signatures of Extended Dark Energy Parametrisations in Structure Formation under Background Constraints
• Analysis of shape and angular orientation parameters of velocity-dependent dark matter annihilation signals in Galactic Centers for FIRE simulations