Formation of the first star clusters and massive star binaries by fragmentation of filamentary primordial gas clouds

Abstract

We perform a set of cosmological simulations of early structure formation with incorporating baryonic streaming motions. We present a case where a significantly elongated gas cloud with $\sim 10^4$solar masses (${\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$) is formed in a pre-galactic ($\sim 10^7{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$) dark halo. The gas streaming into the halo compresses and heats the massive filamentary cloud to a temperature of $\sim 10,000$Kelvin. The gas cloud cools rapidly by atomic hydrogen cooling, and then by molecular hydrogen cooling down to $\sim 400$Kelvin. The rapid decrease of the temperature and hence of the Jeans mass triggers fragmentation of the filament to yield multiple gas clumps with a few hundred solar masses. We estimate the mass of the primordial star formed in each fragment by adopting an analytic model based on a large set of radiation hydrodynamics simulations of protostellar evolution. The resulting stellar masses are in the range of $\sim 50$-$120{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$. The massive stars gravitationally attract each other and form a compact star cluster. We follow the dynamics of the star cluster using a hybrid $N$-body simulation. We show that massive star binaries are formed in a few million years through multi-body interactions at the cluster center. The eventual formation of the remnant black holes will leave a massive black hole binary, which can be a progenitor of strong gravitational wave sources similar to those recently detected by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO).

13 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables, accepted to ApJ

References in corpus (13)

• Protostar Formation in the Early Universe
• Primordial Star Formation under the Influence of Far Ultraviolet Radiation: 1540 Cosmological Halos and the Stellar Mass Distribution
• Early Cosmological HII/HeIII Regions and Their Impact on Second-Generation Star Formation
• Supersonic Gas Streams Enhance the Formation of Massive Black Holes in the Early Universe
• Large-scale BAO signatures of the smallest galaxies
• How well do we understand cosmological recombination?
• Lighting the Universe with filaments
• The formation of direct collapse black holes under the influence of streaming velocities
• Globular Clusters and Dark Satellite Galaxies through the Stream Velocity
• Supersonic Relative Velocity between Dark Matter and Baryons: A Review
• Low-mass suppression of the satellite luminosity function due to the supersonic baryon--cold-dark-matter relative velocity
• First star formation in ultra-light particle dark matter cosmology
• Star forming filaments in warm dark matter models

Cited by in corpus (31)

• The Assembly of the First Massive Black Holes
• Probing the Small-Scale Matter Power Spectrum with Large-Scale 21-cm Data
• The Influence of Streaming Velocities on the Formation of the First Stars
• Formation of GW190521 via gas accretion onto Population III stellar black hole remnants born in high-redshift minihalos
• Robust Velocity-induced Acoustic Oscillations at Cosmic Dawn
• Light, medium-weight or heavy? The nature of the first supermassive black hole seeds
• A Standard Ruler at Cosmic Dawn
• Star Clusters in Evolving Galaxies
• Forming massive seed black holes in high-redshift quasar host progenitors
• Constraining First Star Formation with 21cm-Cosmology
• Unveiling early black hole growth with multi-frequency gravitational wave observations
• Starbursts in low-mass haloes at Cosmic Dawn. I. The critical halo mass for star formation
• Effects of stellar-mass primordial black holes on first star formation
• Massive black hole and Population III galaxy formation in over-massive dark matter halos with violent merger histories
• Conditions for detecting lensed Population III galaxies in blind surveys with the James Webb Space Telescope, the Roman Space Telescope and Euclid
• Evolution of high-redshift quasar hosts and promotion of massive black hole seed formation
• Observational Support for Massive Black Hole Formation Driven by Runaway Stellar Collisions in Galactic Nuclei
• Gravitational Wave Signals from the First Massive Black Hole Seeds
• The Supersonic Project: rotational effects of supersonic motions on the first structures in the Universe
• The Assembly of Black Hole Mass and Luminosity Functions of High-redshift Quasars via Multiple Accretion Episodes
• Exponentially amplified magnetic field eliminates disk fragmentation around the Population III protostar
• First Structure Formation under the Influence of Gas-Dark Matter Streaming Velocity and Density: Impact of the Baryons-trace-dark matter Approximation
• Gravitational waves from mergers of Population III binary black holes: roles played by two evolution channels
• ${\mathrm{H}}_2$ cooling and gravitational collapse of supersonically induced gas objects
• The First Billion Years in Seconds: An Effective Model for the 21-cm Signal with Population III Stars
• Dwarf galaxy formation with and without dark matter-baryon streaming velocities
• Shape and Spin of Minihaloes. II: The Effect of Streaming Velocities
• Does the structure of Pop III supernova ejecta affect the elemental abundance of extremely metal-poor stars?
• Effects of chemically homogeneous evolution of the first stars on the 21-cm signal and reionization
• Challenges in modelling the rest-frame ultraviolet/optical spectra of galaxies at the high-redshift frontier
• Direct N-body simulations of rotating and extremely massive Population III star clusters