Massive black hole and Population III galaxy formation in over-massive dark matter halos with violent merger histories

Abstract

We propose the formation of massive pristine dark-matter (DM) halos with masses of $\sim 10^8{M}_{\odot }$, due to the dynamical effects of frequent mergers in rare regions of the Universe with high baryonic streaming velocity relative to DM. Since the streaming motion prevents gas collapse into DM halos and delays prior star formation episodes, the gas remains metal-free until the halo virial temperatures $\gtrsim 2\times 10^4\mathrm{K}$. The minimum cooling mass of DM halos is boosted by a factor of $\sim 10-30$ because frequent major mergers of halos further inhibit gas collapse. We use Monte Carlo merger trees to simulate the DM assembly history under a streaming velocity of twice the root-mean-square value, and estimate the number density of massive DM halos containing pristine gas as $\simeq 10^{-4}{\mathrm{cMpc}}^{-3}$. When the gas infall begins, efficient Ly$\alpha$ cooling drives cold streams penetrating inside the halo and feeding a central galactic disk. When one stream collides with the disk, strong shock forms a dense and hot gas cloud, where the gas never forms H${}_2$ molecules due to effective collisional dissociation. As a result, a massive gas cloud forms by gravitational instability and collapses directly into a massive black hole (BH) with $M_{\bullet }\sim 10^5{M}_{\odot }$. Almost simultaneously, a galaxy with $M_{\star ,\mathrm{tot}}\sim 10^6{M}_{\odot }$ composed of Population III stars forms in the nuclear region. If the typical stellar mass is as high as $\sim 100M_{\odot }$, the galaxy could be detected with the James Webb Space Telescope even at $z\gtrsim 15$. These massive seed BHs would be fed by continuous gas accretion from the host galaxy, and grow to be bright quasars observed at $z\gtrsim 6$.

12 pages, 3 figures, published in MNRAS

References in corpus (40)

• Cold streams in early massive hot haloes as the main mode of galaxy formation
• An 800-million-solar-mass black hole in a significantly neutral Universe at redshift 7.5
• Formation of Massive Galaxies at High Redshift: Cold Streams, Clumpy Disks and Compact Spheroids
• Formation of Supermassive Black Holes by Direct Collapse in Pregalactic Halos
• An ultra-luminous quasar with a twelve-billion-solar-mass black hole at redshift 6.30
• Supermassive black hole formation during the assembly of pre-galactic discs
• Bimodal gas accretion in the Horizon-MareNostrum galaxy formation simulation
• The Final SDSS High-Redshift Quasar Sample of 52 Quasars at z>5.7
• Four phases of angular-momentum buildup in high-z galaxies: from cosmic-web streams through an extended ring to disc and bulge
• Resolving the Formation of Protogalaxies. III. Feedback from the First Stars
• Super-Critical Growth of Massive Black Holes from Stellar-Mass Seeds
• Can Supermassive Black Holes Form in Metal-Enriched High-Redshift Protogalaxies ?
• The Formation of the First Stars II. Radiative Feedback Processes and Implications for the Initial Mass Function
• The First Galaxies: Assembly, Cooling and the Onset of Turbulence
• Resolving the Formation of Protogalaxies. II. Central Gravitational Collapse
• Rapid growth of seed black holes in the early universe by supra-exponential accretion
• The Evolution of Supermassive Population III Stars
• The critical radiation intensity for direct collapse black hole formation: dependence on the radiation spectral shape
• Supersonic Gas Streams Enhance the Formation of Massive Black Holes in the Early Universe
• Formation of massive protostars in atomic cooling haloes
• The Final Fates of Accreting Supermassive Stars
• Formation of an embryonic supermassive star in the first galaxy
• How realistic UV spectra and X-rays suppress the abundance of direct collapse black holes
• The formation of direct collapse black holes under the influence of streaming velocities
• The First Galaxies: Assembly of Disks and Prospects for Direct Detection
• A UV flux constraint on the formation of direct collapse black holes
• Does disk fragmentation prevent the formation of supermassive stars in protogalaxies?
• Radiation hydrodynamics simulations of the formation of direct-collapse supermassive stellar systems
• Cold Filamentary Accretion and the Formation of Metal Poor Globular Clusters and Halo Stars
• Metal-poor star formation triggered by the feedback effects from Pop III stars
• Revised rate coefficients for H${}_2$ and H${}^{-}$ destruction by realistic stellar spectra
• The suppression of direct collapse black hole formation by soft X-ray irradiation
• A No-Go Theorem for Direct Collapse Black Holes Without a Strong Ultraviolet Background
• Inflow velocities of cold flows streaming into massive galaxies at high redshifts
• Beyond Jcrit: a critical curve for suppression of H2-cooling in protogalaxies
• Simulating the growth of Intermediate Mass Black Holes
• Formation of the first star clusters and massive star binaries by fragmentation of filamentary primordial gas clouds
• Stunted accretion growth of black holes by combined effect of the flow angular momentum and radiation feedback
• Upper limits on the mass and luminosity of Population III-dominated galaxies
• Simulating the formation of massive seed black holes in the early Universe. III: The influence of X-rays

Cited by in corpus (28)

• The Assembly of the First Massive Black Holes
• Titans of the Early Universe: The Prato Statement on the Origin of the First Supermassive Black Holes
• Diagnostics for PopIII galaxies and Direct Collapse Black Holes in the early universe
• Seeds Don't Sink: Even Massive Black Hole "Seeds" Cannot Migrate to Galaxy Centers Efficiently
• Light, medium-weight or heavy? The nature of the first supermassive black hole seeds
• Making a supermassive star by stellar bombardment
• Forming massive seed black holes in high-redshift quasar host progenitors
• Supermassive Black Holes in the Early Universe
• Hyper-Eddington accretion flows onto black holes accompanied by powerful outflows
• Formation of supermassive black hole seeds in nuclear star clusters via gas accretion and runaway collisions
• A new bright z=6.82 quasar discovered with VISTA: VHS J0411-0907
• Long-term evolution of supercritical black hole accretion with outflows: a subgrid feedback model for cosmological simulations
• Supercritical growth pathway to overmassive black holes at cosmic dawn: coevolution with massive quasar hosts
• Conditions for detecting lensed Population III galaxies in blind surveys with the James Webb Space Telescope, the Roman Space Telescope and Euclid
• Super-Eddington growth of black holes in the early Universe: effects of disk radiation spectra
• Identifying Direct Collapse Black Hole Seeds through their Small Host Galaxies
• Evolution of high-redshift quasar hosts and promotion of massive black hole seed formation
• The Assembly of Black Hole Mass and Luminosity Functions of High-redshift Quasars via Multiple Accretion Episodes
• On the Prevalence of Super-Massive Black Holes over Cosmic Time
• Bubble mapping with the Square Kilometer Array -- I. Detecting galaxies with Euclid, JWST, WFIRST and ELT within ionized bubbles in the intergalactic medium at z>6
• First emergence of cold accretion and supermassive star formation in the early universe
• Radiative feedback for supermassive star formation in a massive cloud with H2 molecules in an atomic-cooling halo
• Submillimeter signatures from growing supermassive black holes before reionization
• Suppression of H2-cooling in protogalaxies aided by trapped Lyα cooling radiation
• The Fates of Merging Supermassive Black Holes and a Proposal for a New Class of X-Ray Sources
• Detecting the Birth of Supermassive Black Holes Formed from Heavy Seeds
• Challenges in modelling the rest-frame ultraviolet/optical spectra of galaxies at the high-redshift frontier
• Radiative feedback on supermassive star formation: the massive end of the Population III initial mass function