Titans of the Early Universe: The Prato Statement on the Origin of the First Supermassive Black Holes

Abstract

In recent years, the discovery of massive quasars at z~7 has provided a striking challenge to our understanding of the origin and growth of supermassive black holes in the early Universe. Mounting observational and theoretical evidence indicates the viability of massive seeds, formed by the collapse of supermassive stars, as a progenitor model for such early, massive accreting black holes. Although considerable progress has been made in our theoretical understanding, many questions remain regarding how (and how often) such objects may form, how they live and die, and how next generation observatories may yield new insight into the origin of these primordial titans. This review focusses on our present understanding of this remarkable formation scenario, based on discussions held at the Monash Prato Centre from November 20--24, 2017, during the workshop "Titans of the Early Universe: The Origin of the First Supermassive Black Holes."

arXiv commentSolicited review article (accepted) for Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 38 pages, 15 figures, 1 table

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• Role of magnetic fields in the formation of direct collapse black holes
• Pulsations of primordial supermassive stars induced by a general relativistic instability; visible to JWST at z$>$12
• The Clustering of Undetected High-redshift Black Holes and Their Signatures in Cosmic Backgrounds
• Supermassive Star Formation in Magnetized Atomic-Cooling Gas Clouds: Enhanced Accretion, Intermittent Fragmentation, and Continuous Mergers
• Physics of Superluminous Supernovae
• Unveiling the Gravitational Universe at μ-Hz Frequencies
• Rapid Growth of Galactic Supermassive Black Holes through Accreting Giant Molecular Clouds during Major Mergers of their Host Galaxies
• Reality or Mirage? Observational Test and Implications for the Claimed Extremely Magnified Quasar at $z=6.3$
• Some First Stars Were Red: Detecting Signatures of Massive Population III Formation Through Long-Term Stochastic Color Variations
• Maximal X-ray feedback in the pre-reionization universe
• Magnetic Effects Promote Supermassive Star Formation in Metal-enriched Atomic-cooling Halos
• Ultra-high energy neutrinos from high-redshift electromagnetic cascades
• Cosmological magnetic braking and the formation of high-redshift, super-massive black holes
• Probing the link between quenching and morphological evolution
• Deeper, Wider, Sharper: Next-Generation Ground-Based Gravitational-Wave Observations of Binary Black Holes
• Accretion from Winds of Red Giant Branch Stars May Reveal the Supermassive Black Hole in Leo I
• Extreme Tidal Stripping May Explain the Overmassive Black Hole in Leo I: a Proof of Concept
• Formation of supermassive stars in the first stellar clusters: Dependence on the gas temperature
• Linear adiabatic analysis for general relativistic instability in primordial accreting supermassive stars
• Optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of quasars at $z>6.5$: public data release and composite spectrum
• Population III star formation in the presence of turbulence, magnetic fields and ionizing radiation feedback
• Photometric IGM Tomography: Efficiently Mapping Quasar Light Echoes with Deep Narrow Band Imaging
• Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• Can supermassive stars form in protogalaxies due to internal Lyman-Werner feedback?
• Feeding and feedback from little monsters: AGN in dwarf galaxies
• Probing $z\gtrsim 6$ massive black holes with gravitational waves
• Exploring the multiband gravitational wave background with a semi-analytic galaxy formation model
• Neutrinos from muon-rich ultra high energy electromagnetic cascades: The MUNHECA code
• Detecting the Birth of Supermassive Black Holes Formed from Heavy Seeds
• 3D hydrodynamics simulations of core convection in supermassive main-sequence stars
• Enhanced Small-Scale Structure in the Cosmic Dark Ages
• Supercritical dusty BH growth in the early Universe
• Probing the rapid formation of black holes and their galaxy hosts in QSOs
• Gravitational collapse at low to moderate Mach numbers: The relationship between star formation efficiency and the fraction of mass in the massive object
• Direct Collapse Black Hole Candidates from Decaying Dark Matter
• Probing supermassive stars and massive black hole seeds through gravitational wave inspirals
• The properties of supermassive stars in galaxy merger driven direct collapse I: models without rotation
• General-relativistic instability in rapidly accreting supermassive stars in the presence of dark matter
• Jet-driven active galactic nucleus feedback in galaxy formation before black hole formation
• Lensing in the Darkness: A Bayesian Analysis of 22 Chandra Sources at $z\gtrsim 6$ Shows No Evidence of Lensing
• Dark Energy Black Holes with Intermediate Masses at High Redshifts: an earlier generation of Quasars and observations
• Exploring the Origin of Supermassive Black Holes with Coherent Neutrino Scattering
• Signatures of Exploding Supermassive PopIII Stars at High Redshift in JWST, EUCLID and Roman Space Telescope
• Black Hole Cold Brew: Fermi Degeneracy Pressure
• A universal 21 cm signature of growing massive black holes in the early Universe
• The imprint of gas on gravitational waves from LISA intermediate-mass black hole binaries
• A Simple Condition for Sustained Super-Eddington Black Hole Growth
• Finding lensed direct-collapse black holes and supermassive primordial stars
• Einstein, tea leaves, meandering rivers, and the origin of supermassive black holes in ekpyrotic universe