Faint Population III supernovae as the origin of the most iron-poor stars

Abstract

The most iron-deficient stars in the Milky Way provide important observational constraints on the nature of astrophysical objects that have enriched the primordial gas with heavy elements from which these stars were formed. Among them, the recently discovered iron-deficient star SMSS J031300.36-670839.3 shows a remarkable chemical composition with non-detection of iron ([Fe/H]$<-7.1$) and large enhancement of carbon and magnesium relative to calcium. We investigate the supernova yields of metal-free (Population III) stars to interpret the observed abundance pattern for this star. We report that the high [C/Ca] and [C/Mg] ratios and upper limits determined for other elemental abundances are well reproduced with the yields of core-collapse supernovae (that have normal kinetic energies of explosion $E$ of $E_{51}=E/10^{51}$erg$=1$) or hypernovae ($E_{51}\ge 10$) of the Population III 25$M_{\odot }$ or 40$M_{\odot }$ stars. The best-fit model assumes that the explosion of the Population III progenitor undergoes extensive matter mixing and fallback, leaving behind a black hole remnant. In these models, Ca is produced by static/explosive O burning and incomplete Si burning in the Population III supernova/hypernova, in contrast to the suggestion that Ca is originated from the hot CNO cycle during the presupernova evolution. Among the five most iron-poor stars with [Fe/H]$<-4.5$, four carbon-enhanced stars are consistent with the faint supernova models with the ejected mass of ${}^{56}$Ni less than 10${}^{-3}{M}_{\odot }$.

Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters

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