The First Stars

Abstract

We review recent theoretical results on the formation of the first stars in the universe, and emphasize related open questions. In particular, we discuss the initial conditions for Population III star formation, as given by variants of the cold dark matter cosmology. Numerical simulations have investigated the collapse and the fragmentation of metal-free gas, showing that the first stars were predominantly very massive. The exact determination of the stellar masses, and the precise form of the primordial initial mass function, is still hampered by our limited understanding of the accretion physics and the protostellar feedback effects. We address the importance of heavy elements in bringing about the transition from an early star formation mode dominated by massive stars, to the familiar mode dominated by low mass stars, at later times. We show how complementary observations, both at high redshifts and in our local cosmic neighborhood, can be utilized to probe the first epoch of star formation.

38 pages, 10 figures, draft version for 2004 Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics, high-resolution version available at http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~vbromm/

References in corpus (11)

• First stars V - Abundance patterns from C to Zn and supernova yields in the early Galaxy
• The Formation of the First Low-Mass Stars From Gas With Low Carbon and Oxygen Abundances
• Dust in the Early Universe: Dust Formation in the Ejecta of Population III Supernovae
• Early reionization by miniquasars
• Photoionization Feedback in Low--Mass Galaxies at High Redshift
• The evolution of the C/O ratio in metal-poor halo stars
• The Era of Massive Population III Stars: Cosmological Implications and Self-Termination
• Accretion onto a Primordial Protostar
• Nonlinear clustering during the cosmic Dark Ages and its effect on the 21-cm background from minihalos
• The mass spectrum of metal-free Stars resulting from photodissociation feedback: A scenario for the formation of low-mass population III stars
• Observable Properties of Cosmological Reionization Sources

Cited by in corpus (613)

• LOFAR: The LOw-Frequency ARray
• Theory of Star Formation
• The James Webb Space Telescope
• Cosmology at Low Frequencies: The 21 cm Transition and the High-Redshift Universe
• Toward Understanding Massive Star Formation
• Mass Loss: Its Effect on the Evolution and Fate of High-Mass Stars
• A Universal Stellar Initial Mass Function? A Critical Look at Variations
• Pre-Supernova Evolution of Massive Single and Binary Stars
• The Physics of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Relativistic Jets
• Challenges for $\Lambda$CDM: An update
• The extragalactic optical-infrared background radiations, their time evolution and the cosmic photon-photon opacity
• Nucleosynthesis Yields of Core-Collapse Supernovae and Hypernovae, and Galactic Chemical Evolution
• Intermediate-Mass Black Holes
• Evolution of rapidly rotating metal-poor massive stars towards gamma-ray bursts
• The R136 star cluster hosts several stars whose individual masses greatly exceed the accepted 150 Msun stellar mass limit
• SN 2006gy: Discovery of the most luminous supernova ever recorded, powered by the death of an extremely massive star like Eta Carinae
• Direct cosmological simulations of the growth of black holes and galaxies
• Near-Field Cosmology with Metal-Poor Stars
• A primer on hierarchical galaxy formation: the semi-analytical approach
• CEERS Key Paper I: An Early Look into the First 500 Myr of Galaxy Formation with JWST
• The First Galaxies
• Formation of Primordial Stars in a LCDM Universe
• Simulations on a Moving Mesh: The Clustered Formation of Population III Protostars
• Supernova 2007bi as a pair-instability explosion
• On the role of continuum-driven eruptions in the evolution of very massive stars and Population III stars
• UV-Continuum Slopes of >4000 z~4-8 Galaxies from the HUDF/XDF, HUDF09, ERS, CANDELS-South, and CANDELS-North Fields
• Science with the Einstein Telescope: a comparison of different designs
• The halo mass function from the dark ages through the present day
• X-ray source populations in galaxies
• Detailed Abundances for 28 Metal-poor Stars: Stellar Relics in the Milky Way
• The formation of the first stars and galaxies
• Formation of the First Stars
• The Evolution of the Intergalactic Medium
• First Stars VIII -- Enrichment of the neutron-capture elements in the early Galaxy
• Evidence for PopIII-like stellar populations in the most luminous Lyman-$\alpha$ emitters at the epoch of re-ionisation: spectroscopic confirmation
• The Formation and Evolution of Massive Black Holes
• The spectral evolution of the first galaxies. I. James Webb Space Telescope detection limits and color criteria for population III galaxies
• Supernova Nucleosynthesis in Population III 13 -- 50 $M_{\odot }$ Stars and Abundance Patterns of Extremely Metal-Poor Stars
• Formation of z ~ 6 quasars from hierarchical galaxy mergers
• The first stars: formation of binaries and small multiple systems
• Fragmentation of star-forming clouds enriched with the first dust
• Gravitational fragmentation in turbulent primordial gas and the initial mass function of Population III stars
• Abundances of Baade's Window Giants from Keck/HIRES Spectra: II. The Alpha- and Light Odd Elements
• Observational evidence for intermediate-mass black holes
• Detecting the Earliest Galaxies Through Two New Sources of 21cm Fluctuations
• The Imprint of The Extragalactic Background Light in the Gamma-Ray Spectra of Blazars
• Uncertainties in H2 and HD Chemistry and Cooling and their Role in Early Structure Formation
• Foreground simulations for the LOFAR - Epoch of Reionization Experiment
• Ultra-high precision cosmology from gravitational waves
• The Formation of the First Stars II. Radiative Feedback Processes and Implications for the Initial Mass Function
• Shark: introducing an open source, free and flexible semi-analytic model of galaxy formation
• The Small-Scale Power Spectrum of Cold Dark Matter
• The dust content of galaxies from z = 0 to z = 9
• Ubiquitous seeding of supermassive black holes by direct collapse
• The First Galaxies: Assembly, Cooling and the Onset of Turbulence
• The First Galaxies: Chemical Enrichment, Mixing, and Star Formation
• Population III star formation in a Lambda CDM universe, I: The effect of formation redshift and environment on protostellar accretion rate
• The First Stars: Mass Growth Under Protostellar Feedback
• The H II Region of the First Star
• High-Redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts from Population III Progenitors
• Dark matter and the first stars: a new phase of stellar evolution
• Globular clusters, satellite galaxies and stellar haloes from early dark matter peaks
• Super-luminous supernovae: 56Ni power versus magnetar radiation
• The First Billion Years Project: The escape fraction of ionizing photons in the epoch of reionization
• Probing the Formation of the First Low-Mass Stars with Stellar Archaeology
• HE1327-2326, an unevolved star with [Fe/H]<-5.0. I. A Comprehensive Abundance Analysis
• Star formation sustained by gas accretion
• A new view of the dwarf spheroidal satellites of the Milky Way from VLT/FLAMES: Where are the very metal poor stars?
• Star Formation in Semi-Analytic Galaxy Formation Models with Multiphase Gas
• Simulations of Cosmic Chemical Enrichment
• The First Magnetic Fields
• The Destruction of Cosmological Minihalos by Primordial Supernovae
• CANDELS: The Contribution of the Observed Galaxy Population to Cosmic Reionization
• The Large-Misalignment Mechanism for the Formation of Compact Axion Structures: Signatures from the QCD Axion to Fuzzy Dark Matter
• Tracing the first stars with cosmic infrared background fluctuations
• Production of dust by massive stars at high redshift
• Evolution of the 21 cm signal throughout cosmic history
• Limiting Accretion onto Massive Stars by Fragmentation-Induced Starvation
• Evolution of the atomic and molecular gas content of galaxies
• Intermediate-mass black holes in dwarf galaxies out to redshift $\sim$ 2.4 in the Chandra COSMOS Legacy Survey
• The First Billion Years project - III: The impact of stellar radiation on the coevolution of Populations II and III
• Chemical Evolution in Hierarchical Models Of Cosmic Structure I: Constraints on the Early Stellar Initial Mass Function
• Evidence for a Population of High-Redshift Submillimeter Galaxies from Interferometric Imaging
• The Role of Type Ia Supernovae in Chemical Evolution I: Lifetime of Type Ia Supernovae and Galactic Supernova Rates
• The aftermath of the first stars: massive black holes
• Small-scale dynamo action during the formation of the first stars and galaxies. I. The ideal MHD limit
• LIGO gravitational wave detection, primordial black holes and the near-IR cosmic infrared background anisotropies
• Rapidly Accreting Supergiant Protostars: Embryos of Supermassive Black Holes?
• High-Resolution Spectroscopy of Extremely Metal-Poor Stars from SDSS/SEGUE: I. Atmospheric Parameters and Chemical Compositions
• The most metal-poor damped Lyman-alpha systems: Insights into chemical evolution in the very metal-poor regime
• Effects of Rotation on the Minimum Mass of Primordial Progenitors of Pair Instability Supernovae
• Impact of the Relative Motion between the Dark Matter and Baryons on the First Stars
• Pre-galactic metal enrichment - The chemical signatures of the first stars
• HD 140283: A Star in the Solar Neighborhood that Formed Shortly After the Big Bang
• Two populations of metal-free stars in the early Universe
• The cooling of shock-compressed primordial gas
• The Formation Rates of Population III Stars and Chemical Enrichment of Halos during the Reionization Era
• On the impact of empirical and theoretical star formation laws on galaxy formation
• Probing the Dark Ages at Z~20: The SCI-HI 21 cm All-Sky Spectrum Experiment
• Detailed Chemical Abundances in the r-Process-Rich Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxy Reticulum 2
• Half Life of the Doubly-magic r-Process Nucleus 78Ni
• Local Radiation Hydrodynamic Simulations of Massive Star Envelopes at the Iron Opacity Peak
• Dust Destruction in the High-Velocity Shocks Driven by Supernovae in the Early Universe
• The First Supernova Explosions: Energetics, Feedback, and Chemical Enrichment
• Where are the most ancient stars in the Milky Way?
• Scientific Discovery with the James Webb Space Telescope
• The Origin of Dust in the Early Universe: Probing the Star Formation History of Galaxies by their Dust Content
• Low-metallicity massive single stars with rotation. Evolutionary models applicable to I Zwicky 18
• The First Population II Stars Formed in Externally Enriched Mini-halos
• JINAbase: A database for chemical abundances of metal-poor stars
• Probing the First Stars and Black Holes in the Early Universe with the Dark Ages Radio Explorer (DARE)
• Observing Neutral Hydrogen Above Redshift 6: The "Global" Perspective
• I Zw 18 revisited with HST/ACS and Cepheids: New Distance and Age
• Stellar Archaeology -- Exploring the Universe with Metal-Poor Stars
• Observational Searches for Galaxies at z > 6
• Critical Metallicity and Fine-Structure Emission of Primordial Gas Enriched by the First Stars
• The Initial mass function of the first stars inferred from extremely metal-poor stars
• Local radiative feedback in the formation of the first protogalaxies
• Effect of Streaming Motion of Baryons Relative to Dark Matter on the Formation of the First Stars
• Massive black hole factories: Supermassive and quasi-star formation in primordial halos
• The Small-Scale Dynamo and Non-Ideal MHD in Primordial Star Formation
• The Chemical Evolution of the Ursa Minor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
• The Inhomogeneous Background of Hydrogen-Molecule Dissociating Radiation during Cosmic Reionization
• The Inhomogeneous Background of H2 Dissociating Radiation During Cosmic Reionization
• Rotation Speed of the First Stars
• The Dawes Review 8: Measuring the Stellar Initial Mass Function
• High-Resolution Spectroscopic Study of Extremely Metal-Poor Star Candidates from the SkyMapper Survey
• Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background from Cosmological Supernovae
• The Most Metal-Poor Stars. III. The Metallicity Distribution Function and CEMP Fraction
• Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-Luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). VI. Black Hole Mass Measurements of Six Quasars at 6.1<z<6.7
• Smoothly-Rising Star Formation Histories During the Reionization Epoch
• Measuring the mass of the central black hole in the bulgeless galaxy NGC 4395 from gas dynamical modeling
• Stellar Yields of Rotating First Stars. II. Pair Instability Supernovae and Comparison with Observations
• How rapidly do supermassive black hole "seeds" grow at early times?
• Uncovering the Chemical Signature of the First Stars in the Universe
• The Impact of the First Galaxies on Cosmic Dawn and Reionization
• The first generation of stars in LCDM cosmology
• Elemental Abundances and their Implications for the Chemical Enrichment of the Boötes~I Ultra-Faint Galaxy
• Evolution of Very Massive Population III Stars with Mass Accretion from Pre-Main Sequence to Collapse
• Gamma-ray Burst Cosmology
• The s-process in the Galactic halo: the fifth signature of spinstars in the early Universe?
• The First Galaxies: Assembly with Black Hole Feedback
• The Epoch of Reionization
• Constraints on Type Ib/c and GRB Progenitors
• The Impact of Star Formation and Gamma-Ray Burst Rates at High Redshift on Cosmic Chemical Evolution and Reionization
• Early structure in LCDM
• The First Miniquasar
• The Jeans mass and the origin of the knee in the IMF
• The Formation of the First Stars in the Universe
• The Biermann Battery in Cosmological MHD Simulations of Population III Star Formation
• Nonthermal particles and photons in starburst regions and superbubbles
• New Insights into the Evolution of Massive Stars and Their Effects on Our Understanding of Early Galaxies
• The First Massive Black Hole Seeds and Their Hosts
• New Light on the Formation and Evolution of M31 and its Globular Cluster System
• The EMBLA Survey -- Metal-poor stars in the Galactic bulge
• Radiative Feedback from high mass X-ray binaries on the formation of the first galaxies and early reionization
• Merger rate density of Population III binary black holes below, above, and in the pair-instability mass gap
• Molecular gas at high redshift: jet-induced star formation?
• Occurrence of Metal-free Galaxies in the Early Universe
• The formation of compact massive self-gravitating discs in metal-free haloes with virial temperatures of ~ 13000-30000 K
• HI as a Probe of the Large Scale Structure in the Post-Reionization Universe
• The Chemistry of Population III Supernova Ejecta: I - Formation of Molecules in the Early Universe
• Evolution of surface CNO abundances in massive stars
• Can Gamma-Ray Burst Jets Break Out the First Stars?
• Intermediate-mass Black Holes from High Massive-star Binary Fractions in Young Star Clusters
• Tracing the Reionization-Epoch Intergalactic Medium with Metal Absorption Lines
• The Beginning and Evolution of the Universe
• Metal-Free Gas Supply at the Edge of Reionization: Late-Epoch Population III Star Formation
• Effect of lensing magnification on the apparent distribution of black hole mergers
• Finding the First Cosmic Explosions I: Pair-Instability Supernovae
• The Physics and Early History of the Intergalactic Medium
• Abundances of Sr, Y, and Zr in Metal-Poor Stars and Implications for Chemical Evolution in the Early Galaxy
• Turbulent Cold Flows Gave Birth to the First Quasars
• The Source Density and Observability of Pair-Instability Supernovae from the First Stars
• The First Galaxies: Signatures of the Initial Starburst
• The Formation of Population III Stars in Gas Accretion Stage: Effects of Magnetic Fields
• Systematic search for extremely metal poor galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Stellar Structure of Dark Stars: a first phase of Stellar Evolution due to Dark Matter Annihilation
• The route to massive black hole formation via merger-driven direct collapse: a review
• Status of Dark Matter in the Universe
• Supermassive Black Hole Formation at High Redshifts via Direct Collapse: Physical Processes in the Early Stage
• Astrophysical turbulence modeling
• Black Holes in the Early Universe
• Star Formation in the First Galaxies I: Collapse Delayed by Lyman-Werner Radiation
• A new channel to form IMBHs throughout cosmic time
• Black hole formation in primordial galaxies: chemical and radiative conditions
• The First Galaxies: Assembly of Disks and Prospects for Direct Detection
• Recovery from population III supernova explosions and the onset of second generation star formation
• The Physical Properties and Detectability of Reionization-Epoch Galaxies
• The oldest and most metal poor stars in the APOSTLE Local Group simulations
• Formation sites of Population III star formation: The effects of different levels of rotation and turbulence on the fragmentation behavior of primordial gas
• Cosmological Implications of the Uncertainty in H- Destruction Rate Coefficients
• Mini-dark halos with intermediate mass black holes
• PoWR grids of non-LTE model atmospheres for OB-type stars of various metallicities
• Observational evidence for a different IMF in the early Galaxy
• A tale of two sites -- I: Inferring the properties of minihalo-hosted galaxies from current observations
• Faint Population III supernovae as the origin of the most iron-poor stars
• JWST-JADES. Possible Population III signatures at z=10.6 in the halo of GN-z11
• The minimum stellar metallicity observable in the Galaxy
• Probing Pre-galactic Metal Enrichment with High-Redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts
• The small scale dynamo and the amplification of magnetic fields in massive primordial haloes
• Gravitational Waves from Binary Mergers of Sub-solar Mass Dark Black Holes
• Dark Matter Densities during the Formation of the First Stars and in Dark Stars
• Where are the Low-Mass Population III Stars ?
• Core-Collapse Very Massive Stars: Evolution, Explosion, and Nucleosynthesis of Population III 500 -- 1000 $M_{\odot }$ Stars
• The Stellar Population of Lyman-alpha Emitting Galaxies at z ~ 5.7
• C and N Abundances in Stars At the Base of the Red Giant Branch in M15
• The First Galaxies: Assembly under Radiative Feedback from the First Stars
• Shock Breakout in Type II Plateau Supernovae: Prospects for High Redshift Supernova Surveys
• The properties of He II 1640 emitters at z ~ 2.5-5 from the VANDELS survey
• X-ray absorption evolution in Gamma-Ray Bursts: intergalactic medium or evolutionary signature of their host galaxies?
• Reionization - A probe for the stellar population and the physics of the early universe
• Iron and alpha-element Production in the First One Billion Years after the Big Bang
• The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF: the molecular gas content of galaxies and tensions with IllustrisTNG and the Santa Cruz SAM
• Pair-Instability Supernovae at the Epoch of Reionization
• Molecular astronomy of cool stars and sub-stellar objects
• The cooling function of HD molecule revisited
• Detection of isolated population III stars with the James Webb Space Telescope
• Effects of Varying the Three-Body Molecular Hydrogen Formation Rate in Primordial Star Formation
• Chasing the Tail of Cosmic Reionization with Dark Gap Statistics in the Ly$\alpha$ Forest over $5<z<6$
• Magnetic Field Amplification in Young Galaxies
• Conditions for the Formation of First-Star Binaries
• Magnetorotational Collapse of Population III Stars
• Metal-poor stars towards the Galactic bulge - a population potpourri
• The Near Infrared Background: Interplanetary Dust or Primordial Stars?
• Formation of the first stars and black holes
• The age of the Milky Way halo stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Rotation and Internal Structure of Population III Protostars
• Looking at cosmic near-infrared background radiation anisotropies
• The Impact of HD Cooling on the Formation of the First Stars
• Review of Observational Evidence for Dark Matter in the Universe and in upcoming searches for Dark Stars
• Metal-Poor Stars and the Chemical Enrichment of the Universe
• Modeling the Dust Properties of z ~ 6 Quasars with ART^2 -- All-wavelength Radiative Transfer with Adaptive Refinement Tree
• Supermassive Dark Stars: Detectable in JWST
• The Persistence of Population III Star Formation
• The 21cm Signature of the First Stars
• TOPoS: I. Survey design and analysis of the first sample
• Seeds Don't Sink: Even Massive Black Hole "Seeds" Cannot Migrate to Galaxy Centers Efficiently
• The Cosmic Near Infrared Background: Remnant Light from Early Stars
• Dark Stars: A Review
• Robust Velocity-induced Acoustic Oscillations at Cosmic Dawn
• Chemical Enrichment in the Carbon-enhanced Damped Lyman $\alpha$ System
• The influence of magnetic fields on the thermodynamics of primordial star formation
• The First Generation of Star-Forming Haloes
• High-z Quasars in the R_h=ct Universe
• Galactic Chemical Evolution
• Reviving old controversies: is the early Galaxy flat or round? Investigations into the early phases of the Milky Way formation through stellar kinematics and chemical abundances
• Search for Extremely Metal-poor Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (II): high electron temperature objects
• Dark Matter Capture in the First Stars: a Power Source and Limit on Stellar Mass
• Merger rate density of binary black holes through isolated Population I, II, III and extremely metal-poor binary star evolution
• Multidimensional Simulations of Rotating Pair Instability Supernovae
• A metal rich molecular cloud surrounds GRB 050904 at redshift 6.3
• Scaling relations between black holes and their host galaxies: comparing theoretical and observational measurements, and the impact of selection effects
• Star formation at very low metallicity. II: On the insignificance of metal-line cooling during the early stages of gravitational collapse
• Probing the Epoch of Reionization with Milky Way Satellites
• Carbon-Enhanced Hyper-metal-poor Stars and the Stellar IMF at Low Metallicity
• A Standard Ruler at Cosmic Dawn
• The impact of nebular emission on the broadband fluxes of high-redshift galaxies
• Seeding Black Holes in Cosmological Simulations
• The observational signature of the first H II regions
• Extinction curves expected in young galaxies
• Detection and extraction of signals from the epoch of reionization using higher order one-point statistics
• Gravitational instability in protostellar disks at low metallicities
• Dark Stars: a new look at the First Stars in the Universe
• Exploring HeII$\lambda$1640 emission line properties at $z\sim 2-4$
• On the formation of very metal-poor stars: The case of SDSS J1029151+172927
• Gravitational wave backgrounds and the cosmic transition from Population III to Population II stars
• A New View of the Super Star Clusters in the Low-Metallicity Galaxy SBS 0335-052
• MaNGA AGN dwarf galaxies (MAD) -- I. A new sample of AGN in dwarf galaxies with spatially resolved spectroscopy
• Evolution of Low- and Intermediate-Mass Stars with [Fe/H] <= -2.5
• The formation of massive Pop III stars in the presence of turbulence
• Testing the universal stellar IMF on the metallicity distribution in the bulges of the Milky Way and M31
• Gravitational Wave Astronomy With TianQin
• Radiation-driven winds of hot luminous stars. XVI. Expanding atmospheres of massive and very massive stars and the evolution of dense stellar clusters
• The Cosmic Reionization History as Revealed by the CMB Doppler--21-cm Correlation
• Magnetorotational collapse of very massive stars to black holes in full general relativity
• The Early Growth of the First Black Holes
• Star Formation at Very Low Metallicity. IV. Fragmentation Does Not Depend on Metallicity for Cold Initial Conditions
• Exploring the Galaxy's halo and very metal-weak thick disk with SkyMapper and Gaia DR2
• The winds of the hot massive first stars
• Large-Scale Structure Formation: from the first non-linear objects to massive galaxy clusters
• Fitting formulae for evolution tracks of massive stars under extreme metal poor environments for population synthesis calculations and star cluster simulations
• How low does it go? Too few Galactic satellites with standard reionization quenching
• The role of HD cooling in primordial star formation
• Fluctuations in the High-Redshift Lyman-Werner and Lyman-alpha Radiation Backgrounds
• An Effective Model for the Cosmic-Dawn 21-cm Signal
• Influence of primordial magnetic fields on 21 cm emission
• Chemical enrichment of Damped Lyman Alpha systems as a direct constraint on Population III star formation
• Detecting gravitationally lensed population III galaxies with the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope
• Supersonic Relative Velocity between Dark Matter and Baryons: A Review
• Impact of Cosmic Rays on Population III Star Formation
• The structure and evolution of quasi-stars
• Heating of the Intergalactic Medium by Primordial Miniquasars
• The Premature Formation of High Redshift Galaxies
• The Number and Observability of Population III Supernovae at High Redshifts
• Light-cone anisotropy in 21cm fluctuations during the epoch of reionization
• The earliest stars and their relics in the Milky Way
• Trapping of HII regions in Population III star formation
• The Magellanic Bridge cluster NGC 796: Deep optical AO imaging reveals the stellar content and initial mass function of a massive open cluster
• Pair-Instability Supernovae via Collision Runaway in Young Dense Star Clusters
• Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies: The HI Content
• Following The Cosmic Evolution Of Pristine Gas I: Implications For Milky Way Halo Stars
• The Cosmic Timeline Implied by the JWST High-redshift Galaxies
• Detection of a population of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars in the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy
• Very metal-poor stars observed by the RAVE survey
• The Biggest Explosions in the Universe
• Impact of the Primordial Stellar Initial Mass Function on the 21-cm Signal
• The Formation of Galaxies Hosting z~6 Quasars
• Binary black hole mergers from Population III stars: uncertainties from star formation and binary star properties
• The Nature of CO Emission From z~6 Quasars
• The Halo Occupation Distribution of Active Galactic Nuclei
• A tale of two sites -- II: Inferring the properties of minihalo-hosted galaxies with upcoming 21-cm interferometers
• Multi-flavour SMBH seeding and evolution in cosmological environments
• The Impact of Lyman alpha Trapping on the Formation of Primordial Objects
• Closing the window on fuzzy dark matter with the 21cm signal
• Supermassive Dark Star candidates seen by JWST?
• On the nature of the sources of the cosmic infrared background
• The onset of star formation in primordial haloes
• Dust formation, evolution, and obscuration effects in the very high-redshift universe
• The impact of reionization on the formation of supermassive black hole seeds
• Cool White Dwarfs Revisited -- New Spectroscopy and Photometry
• Lyman `bump' galaxies - II. A possible signature of massive extremely metal-poor or metal-free stars in z=3.1 Ly-alpha emitters
• Direct Collapse to Supermassive Black Hole Seeds with Radiative Transfer: Isolated Halos
• Observing Dark Stars with JWST
• Photodissociation feedback of Population III stars \\on their neighbor prestellar cores
• Supermassive Black Hole Seed Formation at High Redshifts: Long-Term Evolution of the Direct Collapse
• A study of low-metallicity DLAs at high redshift and C II* as a probe of their physical conditions
• Black hole growth and AGN feedback under clumpy accretion
• Emission from Pair-Instability Supernovae with Rotation
• The Relative Role of Galaxy Mergers and Cosmic Flows in Feeding Black Holes
• Preheating of the Universe by cosmic rays from primordial supernovae at the beginning of cosmic reionization
• The Habitable Epoch of the Early Universe
• Chronography of the Milky Way's Halo System with Field Blue Horizontal-Branch Stars
• Dark stars: Implications and constraints from cosmic reionization and extragalactic background radiation
• The R-Process Alliance: The Peculiar Chemical Abundance Pattern of RAVE J183013.5-455510
• The CubeSpec space mission. I. Asteroseismology of massive stars from time series optical spectroscopy: science requirements and target list prioritisation
• Primordial star clusters at extreme magnification
• The Lack of Gamma-Ray Bursts from Population III Binaries
• Diffuse Cosmic Neutrino Background from Population III Stars
• The effect of baryonic streaming motions on the formation of the first supermassive black holes
• XMM-Newton Observations of High Redshift Quasars
• The Radio to Infrared Emission of Very High Redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts: Probing Early Star Formation through Molecular and Atomic Absorption Lines
• 21cmEMU: an emulator of 21cmFAST summary observables
• The effects of Population III stars and variable IMF on the chemical evolution of the Galaxy
• The First Stars: formation under X-ray feedback
• Planets in the Early Universe
• First stars and the extragalactic background light: How recent gamma-ray observations constrain the early universe
• Lyalpha versus X-ray heating in the high-z IGM
• Star and dust formation activities in AzTEC-3: A starburst galaxy at z = 5.3
• A strong He II $\lambda$1640 emitter with extremely blue UV spectral slope at $z=8.16$: presence of Pop III stars?
• Exploring the astrophysics of dark atoms
• The Chemical Evolution Of High Z Galaxies From The Relative Abundances Of N, Si, S, And Fe In Damped Lyman Alpha Systems
• Optical/near-infrared colours of early-type galaxies and constraints on their star formation histories
• Influence of Population III stars on cosmic chemical evolution
• Cosmic Infrared Background Fluctuations in Deep Spitzer IRAC Images: Data Processing and Analysis
• Formation History of Metal-Poor Halo Stars with Hierarchical Model and the Effect of ISM accretion on the Most Metal-Poor Stars
• The RAVE Survey: Rich in Very Metal-Poor Stars
• A gravitational-wave limit on the Chandrasekhar mass of dark matter
• Chemical Abundances in the Secondary Star of the Neutron Star Binary Centaurus X-4
• Fully-Coupled Simulation of Cosmic Reionization. I: Numerical Methods and Tests
• Probing Population III Stars in Galaxy IOK-1 at z = 6.96 through He II Emission
• The earliest galaxies seen in 21 cm line absorption
• Solar and Stellar Photospheric Abundances
• The photometric variability of massive stars due to gravity waves excited by core convection
• Measurement of the core-collapse progenitor mass distribution of the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Quasar Clustering in Cosmological Hydrodynamic Simulations: Evidence for mergers
• The Active Fraction of Massive Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies
• How much metals did the first stars provide to the ultra-faint dwarfs?
• Suppression of accretion onto low-mass Population III stars
• Distribution of the very first PopIII stars and their relation to bright z~6 quasars
• Black hole clustering and duty cycles in the Illustris simulation
• The impact of thermodynamics on gravitational collapse: filament formation and magnetic field amplification
• Extinction curves flattened by reverse shocks in supernovae
• The Epoch of Reionization in the R_h=ct Universe
• Physical Mechanism for the Intermediate Characteristic Stellar Mass in the Extremely Metal-poor Environments
• Massive binary black holes from Population II and III stars
• Multi-Dimensional Simulations of Pair-Instability Supernovae
• The Mutual Interaction Between Population III Stars and Self-Annihilating Dark Matter
• X-ray properties of He II 1640 emitting galaxies in VANDELS
• The Impact of Feedback in Massive Star Formation. II. Lower Star Formation Efficiency at Lower Metallicity
• Pop. III stars from turbulent fragmentation at redshift ~ 11
• Early Black Holes in Cosmological Simulations: Luminosity Functions and Clustering Behaviour
• Fast-rotating massive Population~III stars as possible sources of extreme N-enrichment in high-redshift galaxies
• Convectively Driven Three Dimensional Turbulence in Massive Star Envelopes: I. A 1D Implementation of Diffusive Radiative Transport
• Early chemical enrichment of the universe and the role of very massive pop III stars
• A new approach to determine optically thick H2 cooling and its effect on primordial star formation
• Potential of EBL and cosmology studies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Damped Lyα Absorption Systems in Semi-Analytic Models with Multiphase Gas
• Chemistry of heavy elements in the Dark Ages
• Circular polarization of the CMB: Foregrounds and detection prospects
• Primordial star formation: relative impact of H2 three-body rates and initial conditions
• Dust coagulation in star formation with different metallicities
• Data availability and requirements relevant for the Ariel space mission and other exoplanet atmosphere applications
• Transport on Adaptive Random Lattices
• Probing the first galaxies with the SKA
• 21cm signal sensitivity to dark matter decay
• Dark Stars: Improved Models and First Pulsation Results
• Probing the initial mass function of the first stars with transients
• Mass-loss predictions for evolved very metal-poor massive stars
• Constraining Dark Matter properties with the first generation of stars
• Blocking metal accretion onto population III stars by stellar wind
• Search for blue compact dwarf galaxies during quiescence II: metallicities of gas and stars, ages, and star-formation rates
• Supermassive Black Holes in the Early Universe
• Population III Star Clusters in the Reionized Universe
• Massive Black Hole Science with eLISA
• Pair Correlations and Merger Bias
• Formation of Galactic Systems in Light of the Magnesium Abundance in Field Stars: The Thick Disk
• Nuclear processes in Astrophysics: Recent progress
• Growth of Supermassive Black Hole Seeds in ETG Star-Forming Progenitors: Multiple Merging of Stellar Compact Remnants via Gaseous Dynamical Friction and Gravitational Wave Emission
• Astrophysical S factor for the radiative capture 12N(p,gamma)13O determined from the 14N(12N,13O)13C proton transfer reaction
• The HI content of extremely metal-deficient blue compact dwarf galaxies
• Ultrafaint Dwarfs - Star Formation and Chemical Evolution in the Smallest Galaxies
• Gamma-ray bursts and Population III stars
• Modelling the cosmological Lyman-Werner background radiation field in the Early Universe
• Gravitational-wave captures by intermediate-mass black holes in galactic nuclei
• Chemical enrichment of stars due to accretion from ISM during the Galaxy's assembly
• Molecular Chemistry for Dark Matter II: Recombination, Molecule Formation, and Halo Mass Function in Atomic Dark Matter
• Ultraluminous X-ray sources: three exciting years
• Studying Cosmic Dawn using redshifted HI 21-cm signal: A brief review
• Impact of an accurate modeling of primordial chemistry in high resolution studies
• Dark matter powered stars: Constraints from the extragalactic background light
• The implications of dust for high-redshift protogalaxies and the formation of binary disks
• Intermediate-mass Black Holes on the Run from Young Star Clusters
• Gravitational stability and fragmentation condition for discs around accreting supermassive stars
• Mixing of Primordial Gas in Lyman Break Galaxies
• The role of the H${}_2$ adiabatic index in the formation of the first stars
• Gravitational wave probes of particle dark matter: a review
• Hot Cores : Probes of High-Redshift Galaxies
• Fragmentation in Dusty Low-Metallicity Star Forming Halos
• The Pristine survey -- XV. A CFHT ESPaDOnS view on the Milky Way halo and disc populations
• Growth of Early Supermassive Black Holes and the High-Redshift Eddington Ratio Distribution
• Multicomponent multiscatter capture of Dark Matter
• Where can we really find the First Stars' Remnants today?
• The clustering properties of the first galaxies
• Potential signature of Population III pair-instability supernova ejecta in the BLR gas of the most distant quasar at z = 7.54
• CEMP stars: possible hosts to carbon planets in the early universe
• Cold accretion in early galaxy formation and its Lyman-alpha signatures
• Cosmic evolution of metal densities: the enrichment of the Inter-Galactic Medium
• Mining S-PLUS for Metal-Poor Stars in the Milky Way
• Properties and merger signatures of galaxies hosting LISA coalescing massive black hole binaries
• Black Holes in our Galactic Halo: Compatibility with FGST and PAMELA Data and Constraints on the First Stars
• Origin of metals in old Milky Way halo stars based on GALAH and Gaia
• Probing the Pre-Reionization Epoch with Molecular Hydrogen Intensity Mapping
• Impact of magnetic fields on Population III star formation
• Probing Intermediate Mass Black Holes in M87 through Multi-Wavelength Gravitational Wave Observations
• Extremely-Metal Poor Stars in the Milky Way: A Second Generation Formed after Reionization
• Evidence of Pop~III stars' chemical signature in neutral gas at z~6. A study based on the E-XQR-30 spectroscopic sample
• Photometric Properties of the Most Massive High-Redshift Galaxies
• 21cmFirstCLASS I. Cosmological tool for $\Lambda$CDM and beyond
• SIEGE III: The formation of dense stellar clusters in sub-parsec resolution cosmological simulations with individual star feedback
• The First Stars: formation under cosmic ray feedback
• Enhanced direct collapse due to Lyman alpha feedback
• Inferring the velocity of early massive stars from the abundances of extremely metal-poor stars
• Cosmological Impact of Population III Binaries
• Dark Stars: A New Study of the FIrst Stars in the Universe
• On the operation of the chemothermal instability in primordial star-forming clouds
• An upper limit on the sulphur abundance in HE 1327-2326
• An Observational Test for the Anthropic Origin of the Cosmological Constant
• The G-dwarf problem in the Galaxy
• Candidate X-ray-Emitting OB Stars in the MYStIX Massive Star-Forming Regions
• Sources for Metals in the Intergalactic Medium
• The Age-Metallicity Relation in the Thin Disk of the Galaxy
• Can Population III stars be major origins of both merging binary black holes and extremely metal poor stars?
• Rapid formation of a very massive star >50000 $M_{\odot }$ and subsequently an IMBH from runaway collisions. Direct N-body and Monte Carlo simulations of dense star clusters
• Intermediate-mass black holes in dwarf galaxies: the case of Holmberg II
• Implications of primordial black holes on the first stars and the origin of the super--massive black holes
• The central engine of the highest redshift blazar
• Cosmic Chemical Evolution with an Early Population of Intermediate Mass Stars
• Multiscale mass transport in z~6 galactic discs: fueling black holes
• Determination of astrophysical 12N(p,g)13O reaction rate from the 2H(12N, 13O)n reaction and its astrophysical implications
• Constraining the cosmic merger history of intermediate-mass black holes with gravitational wave detectors
• Metal Pollution of Low-Mass Population III Stars through Accretion of Interstellar Objects like `Oumuamua
• First stars as a possible origin for the helium-rich population in omega Centauri
• The Stars of the HETDEX Survey. I. Radial Velocities and Metal-Poor Stars from Low-Resolution Stellar Spectra
• Feedback from Multiple Supernova Explosions inside a Wind-Blown Bubble
• A chemical signature from fast-rotating low-metallicity massive stars: ROA 276 in omega Centauri
• The Cosmic Evolution of Fast Radio Bursts Inferred from the CHIME/FRB Baseband Catalog 1
• Effect of Population III Multiplicity on Dark Star Formation
• Search for Extremely Metal-Poor Stars with GEMINI-N/GRACES I. Chemical-Abundance Analysis
• Formation of Compact Stellar Clusters by High-Redshift Galaxy Outflows II: Effect of Turbulence and Metal-Line Cooling
• The Halo Occupation Distribution of Black Holes: Dependence on Mass
• The First Billion Years in Seconds: An Effective Model for the 21-cm Signal with Population III Stars
• The effect of diffuse background on the spatially-resolved Schmidt relation in nearby spiral galaxies
• The effect of dark matter resolution on the collapse of baryons in high redshift numerical simulations
• GRBs and fundamental physics
• Footprints of population III stars in the gravitational-wave background
• Calibrating the binary black hole population in nuclear star clusters through tidal disruption events
• Impact of H${}_2$-driven star formation and stellar feedback from low-enrichment environments on the formation of spiral galaxies
• Constraining HeII Reionization Detection Uncertainties via Fast Radio Bursts
• Hunting intermediate-mass black holes with LISA binary radial velocity measurements
• Impact of Rotation on Neutrino Emission and Relic Neutrino Background from Population III Stars
• Gas Accretion and Star Formation Rates
• Black Hole Formation and Explosion from Rapidly Rotating Very Massive Stars
• The X-ray Properties of the Cometary Blue Compact Dwarf galaxies Mrk 59 and Mrk 71
• Intermediate-mass black hole binary parameter estimation with next-generation ground-based detector networks
• The first spectral line surveys searching for signals from the Dark Ages
• Multiscatter capture of superheavy dark matter by Pop. III stars
• Supermassive black hole seeds from sub-keV dark matter
• The role of 3-body H${}_2$ formation in the fragmentation of primordial gas
• Dust Production Factories in the Early Universe: Formation of Carbon Grains in Red-supergiant Winds of Very Massive Population III Stars
• Observational nuclear astrophysics: neutron-capture element abundances in old, metal-poor stars
• Dark Stars and Boosted Dark Matter Annihilation Rates
• The S-PLUS Ultra-Short Survey: first data release
• Compact Objects in close orbits as Gravitational Wave Sources: Formation Scenarios and Properties
• Connecting the Cosmic Star Formation Rate with the Local Star Formation
• The inhomogenous reionization of the inter-galactic medium by metal-poor globular clusters
• Direct Collapse to Supermassive Black Hole Seeds: Comparing the AMR and SPH Approaches
• The EDGES measurement disfavors an excess radio background during the cosmic dawn
• State-resolved rotational cross sections and thermal rate coefficients for ortho-/para-H2+HD at low temperatures and HD+HD elastic scattering
• Effects of feedback-free starburst galaxies on the 21-cm signal and reionization history
• Formation of metal-free binaries: Impact of H${}_2$ line cooling and CIE cooling
• Very metal-poor stars in the solar vicinity: age determination
• The early phases of Milky Way's chemical evolution
• The Science Case for PILOT II: the Distant Universe
• Early formation of supermassive black holes from the collapse of strongly self-interacting dark matter
• Reassessing Dust's Role in Forming the CMB
• Applications of Stellar Population Synthesis in the Distant Universe
• Do fragmentation and accretion affect the stellar Initial Mass Function?
• Progenitors of Long-Duration Gamma-ray Bursts
• J1342+0928 Supports the Timeline in the R_h=ct Cosmology
• Astrophysical Explosions: From Solar Flares to Cosmic Gamma-ray Bursts
• On the effects of rotation in primordial star-forming clouds
• A search for Population III galaxies in CLASH. I. Singly-imaged candidates at high redshift
• Downsizing of Star-Forming Galaxies by Gravitational Processes
• Detectability of Supermassive Dark Stars with the Roman Space Telescope
• HD molecule and search for early structure-formation signatures in the Universe
• Does the chemothermal instability have any role in the fragmentation of primordial gas
• Chemodynamical Properties and Ages of Metal-Poor Stars in S-PLUS
• An Empirical Calibration of the Helium Abundance in HII Regions based in Literature and CALIFA Survey data
• Contribution of the first galaxies to the cosmic far-infrared/sub-millimeter background - I. Mean background level
• Menus for Feeding Black Holes
• Resistive Heating Induced by Streaming Cosmic Rays Around a Galaxy in the Early Universe
• Cosmological X-ray Scattering from Intergalactic Dust
• Stellar Evolution at Low Metallicity
• Analytic Approximations for the Velocity Suppression of Dark Matter Capture
• The formation of the first galaxies and the transition to low-mass star formation
• Joint 21-cm and CMB Forecasts for Constraining Self-Interacting Massive Neutrinos
• Coronal Properties of Low-mass Population III Stars and the Radiative Feedback in the Early Universe
• Open questions in the study of population III star formation
• The Masses of Supernova Remnant Progenitors in M33
• A chemodynamical analysis of bright metal-poor stars from the HESP-GOMPA survey -- Indications of a non-prevailing site for light r-process elements
• The Low-Mass Stellar Initial Mass Function in Nearby Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxies
• Quasi-star jets as unidentified gamma-ray sources
• Formation of the First Galaxies: Theory and Simulations
• Synthetic Spectra of Pair-Instability Supernovae in 3D
• Understanding Galaxy Formation and Evolution
• Mapping the Distant and Metal-Poor Milky Way with SDSS-V
• Metal Enrichment and Reionization Constraints on Early Star Formation
• First Stars. I. Evolution without mass loss
• The effects of convection criteria on the evolution of population III stars and the detectability of their supernovae
• Probing Long-Range Forces Between Neutrinos with Cosmic Structures
• Geoastronomy: Rocky planets as the Lavosier-Lomonosov Bridge from the non-living to the living world
• Atomic Modeling of Photoionization Fronts in Nitrogen Gas
• First Star Survivors as Metal-Rich Halo Stars that Experienced Supernova Explosions in Binary Systems
• Holography, large scale structure, supermassive black holes, and minimum stellar mass
• Probing the physics and history of cosmic reionization with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect
• Simulating the collapse of rotating primordial gas clouds to study the survival possibility of Pop III protostars
• Spherically symmetric NLTE model atmospheres of hot hydrogen-helium first stars
• A Pop III generated dust screen at z~16
• The impact of wind mass loss on nucleosynthesis and yields of very massive stars at low metallicity
• The influence of baryons on low-mass haloes
• Impact of accretion-induced chemically homogeneous evolution on stellar and compact binary populations
• Chemical Evolution of the Juvenile Universe
• Redshift Horizon for Detecting the First Galaxies in Far-Infared Surveys
• Cosmic microwave background constraints on a decaying cosmological term related to the thermal evolution
• Central Engine and Spectral Energy Distribution Properties of High Redshift Gamma Ray Blazars
• Reconstructing the star formation rate for compact binary populations with the Einstein telescope
• Supernovae at the cosmic dawn
• Metal Enrichment of the Intergalactic Medium and Production of Massive Black Holes
• Cosmic Bandits: Exploration versus Exploitation in CMB B-Mode Experiments
• Hierarchical Object Formation in the Peculiar Velocity Field
• Fluorine abundances in CEMP stars at the lowest metallicity: Hints on the nature of the first stars
• Understanding Stellar Mass-Metallicity and Size Relations in Simulated Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies
• Spatial Correlation of Massive Black Hole Mergers: Probing the Formation Mechanism and Reionization
• Searching for Pop III stars and galaxies at high redshift
• Zero Metallicity with Zero CPU Hours: Masses of the First Stars on the Laptop
• Detection for Intermediate-mass Binary Black Holes in Population III Star Clusters with TianQin
• Angular momentum distribution during the collapse of primordial star-forming clouds
• The Halo Mass Function Redshift Dependence
• Impact of Population III stars on the astrophysical gravitational-wave background
• CHEERS: Future perspectives for abundance measurements in clusters with XMM-Newton
• Discovery of three new near-pristine absorption clouds at $z=2.6$-4.4
• Complexity in small-scale dwarf spheroidal galaxies
• Understanding the IMF
• Detectability of Population III stellar remnants as X-ray binaries from tidal captures in the local Universe
• Formation and Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes
• The Anomalous 21-cm Absorption at High Redshifts
• Large-scale variability in macroturbulence driven by pulsations in the rapidly rotating massive star Zeta Oph from high-cadence ESPRESSO spectroscopy and TESS photometry
• Estimating the evolution of gas in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy from its star formation history: an illustrative example
• Star Formation for Predictive Primordial Galaxy Formation
• First Stars. II. Evolution with mass loss
• Supermassive Dark Stars and their remnants as a possible solution to three recent cosmic dawn puzzles
• Implications of the cosmic infrared background excess for the cosmic star formation
• HE0144-4657: A Carbon-Enhanced Ultra Metal-Poor Star ([Fe/H] ~ -4.1) from the Helmi Stream Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy
• Observing the influence of growing black holes on the pre-reionization IGM
• Dark Stars: Dark Matter in the First Stars leads to a New Phase of Stellar Evolution
• Very Massive Close Binaries and the Puzzling Temporal Evolution of 14N in the Solar Neighbourhood
• Revealing the formation histories of the first stars with the cosmic near-infrared background
• The First Stars
• Dark-Matter-Powered Population III Evolution: Lifetimes, Rotation, and Quasi-Homogeneity in massive Stars
• Early Cosmic Chemical Evolution: Relating the Origin of a Diffuse Intergalactic Medium and the First Long-Lived Stars
• Merger rates of intermediate-mass black hole binaries in nuclear star clusters
• Radio Spectral Energy Distributions for Single Massive Star Winds with Free-Free and Synchrotron Emission
• The symphony of pulsations and binarity among massive stars using HERMES spectroscopy and TESS photometry
• Studying The Effect of Radiation Pressure on Evolution of a Population III Stellar Cluster
• Imprint of first stars era in the cosmic infrared backround fluctuations
• Direct N-body simulations of rotating and extremely massive Population III star clusters
• Off-center black hole seed formation? Implications for high and low redshift massive black holes
• Space Project for Astrophysical and Cosmological Exploration (SPACE), an ESA stand-alone mission and a possible contribution to the Origins Space Telescope
• LYRA II: Cosmological dwarf galaxy formation with inhomogeneous Population III enrichment
• Simulations of Early Galaxy Formation
• First Light: Switching on Stars at the Dawn of Time
• The Effect of Environment on Massive Star Formation