21-cm Tomography of the Intergalactic Medium at High Redshift

Abstract

We investigate the 21-cm signature that may arise from the intergalactic medium (IGM) prior to the epoch of full reionization (z>5). In scenarios in which the IGM is reionized by discrete sources of photoionizing radiation, the neutral gas which has not yet been engulfed by an H II region may easily be preheated to temperatures well above that of the cosmic background radiation (CBR), rendering the IGM invisible in absorption against the CBR. We identify three possible preheating mechanisms: (1) photoelectric heating by soft X-rays from QSOs, (2) photoelectric heating by soft X-rays from early galactic halos, and (3) resonant scattering of the continuum UV radiation from an early generation of stars. In the presence of a sufficiently strong ambient flux of Lyman-alpha photons, the hyperfine transition in the warmed H I will be excited. A beam differencing experiment would detect a patchwork of emission, both in frequency and in angle across the sky. This patchwork could serve as a valuable tool for understanding the epoch, nature, and sources of the reionization of the universe, and their implications for cosmology. We demonstrate that isolated QSOs will produce detectable signals at meter wavelengths within their ``spheres of influence'' over which they warm the IGM. As a result of the redshifted 21-cm radiation emitted by warm H I bubbles, the spectrum of the radio extragalactic background will display frequency structure with velocity widths up to 10,000 km/s. Broad beam observations would reveal corresponding angular fluctuations in the sky intensity with (delta T/T)=1E-3 on degree-scales. Radio measurements near 235 and 150 MHz, as will be possible in the near future using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, may provide the first detection of a neutral IGM at 5<z<10.

LaTeX file, 44 pages + 4 figures (postscript), submitted to the ApJ

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• Cosmic Metal Production and the Contribution of QSO Absorption Systems to the Ionizing Background
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• 21 cm Angular Power Spectrum from Minihalos as a Probe of Primordial Spectral Runnings
• Prospects for 21cm-Galaxy Cross-Correlations with HERA and the Roman High-Latitude Survey
• Exploiting synergies between JWST and cosmic 21-cm observations to uncover star formation in the early Universe
• Signatures of Cosmic Ray Heating in 21-cm Observables
• Can We Detect the Anisotropic Shapes of Quasar HII Regions During Reionization Through The Small-Scale Redshifted 21cm Power Spectrum?
• Baryon-dark matter scattering and first star formation
• Characterizing EoR foregrounds: A study of the Lockman Hole Region at 325 MHz
• The Dark Ages of the Universe and Hydrogen Reionization
• Heating and Ionization of the Primordial Intergalactic Medium by High Mass X-ray Binaries
• Probing the Pre-Reionization Epoch with Molecular Hydrogen Intensity Mapping
• Constraints on decaying early modified gravity from cosmological observations
• Precise Measurement of the Reionization Optical Depth from The Global 21-cm Signal Accounting for Cosmic Heating
• The role of Pop III stars and early black holes in the 21cm signal from Cosmic Dawn
• Investigating X-ray sources during the epoch of reionization with the 21 cm signal
• The imprint of the cosmic supermassive black hole growth history on the 21 cm background radiation
• The Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array Dish III: Measuring Chromaticity of Prototype Element with Reflectometry
• The EDGES signal: An imprint from the mirror world?
• The 21cm radiation from minihalos as a probe of small primordial non-Gaussianity
• Detection and Fundamental Applications of Individual First Galaxies
• Signatures of Modified Gravity on the 21-cm Power Spectrum at Reionisation
• Cosmological implications of the composite spectra of galactic X-ray binaries constructed using MAXI data
• Cosmic Variance of the 21-cm Global Signal
• 21cmFirstCLASS I. Cosmological tool for $\Lambda$CDM and beyond
• COMAP Early Science: III. CO Data Processing
• Constraining isocurvature perturbations with the 21cm emission from minihaloes
• The detectability of strong 21 centimetre forest absorbers from the diffuse intergalactic medium in late reionisation models
• The clustering of critical points in the evolving cosmic web
• Observing the Reionization : Effect of Calibration and Position Errors on Realistic Observation Conditions
• Identifying Ionized Regions in Noisy Redshifted 21 cm Data Sets
• Modification of the 21-cm power spectrum by X-rays during the epoch of reionisation
• The scattering of LyA radiation in the intergalactic medium: numerical methods and solutions
• New probe of magnetic fields in the prereionization epoch. I. Formalism
• Cross-correlation studies as a probe of reionization physics
• The PAU survey: Ly$\alpha$ intensity mapping forecast
• A Model-Insensitive Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Feature in the 21 cm Signal from Reionization
• Exploring the cosmic dawn and epoch of reionization with 21cm line
• Variations in fundamental constants at the cosmic dawn
• Statistical recovery of the BAO scale from multipoles of the beam-convolved 21cm correlation function
• EDGES result versus CMB and low-redshift constraints on ionization histories
• Polarization Signals of the 21 cm Background from the Era of Reionization
• The contribution of the IGM and minihalos to the 21 cm signal of reionization
• Measuring the cosmic expansion rate using 21-cm velocity acoustic oscillations
• Detecting the non-Gaussianity of the 21-cm signal during reionisation with the Wavelet Scattering Transform
• The 21-cm signals from ultracompact minihalos as a probe of primordial small-scale fluctuations
• Probing Reionization and Early Cosmic Enrichment with the MgII Forest
• Lyman-$\alpha$ Polarization Intensity Mapping
• The Global 21 cm Absorption from Cosmic Dawn with Inhomogeneous Gas Distribution
• Constraining exotic dark matter models with the dark ages 21-cm signal
• Statistics of 21-cm Fluctuations in Cosmic Reionization Simulations: PDFs and Difference PDFs
• Optical depth to reionization from perturbative 21cm clustering
• Modification of the 21-cm power spectrum by quasars during the epoch of reionisation
• Beyond the horizon: Quantifying the full sky foreground wedge in the cylindrical power spectrum
• Calibration Requirements for Epoch of Reionization 21-cm signal observations -- I. Effect of time-correlated gains
• Detectability of the 21 cm-CMB cross-correlation from the EoR
• Near-Infrared Colors of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows and Cosmic Reionization History
• Hydrogen Clouds before Reionization: a Lognormal Model Approach
• Searching for blue in the dark
• Sensitivity of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array and its Build-out Stages to One-point Statistics from Redshifted 21 cm Observations
• Edges and Endpoints in 21-cm Observations from Resonant Photon Production
• Generating extremely large-volume reionisation simulations
• Bayesian approach to constraining the properties of ionized bubbles during reionization
• Implications of the $z>5$ Lyman-$\alpha$ forest for the 21-cm power spectrum from the epoch of reionization
• Parametrizing the Reionization History with the Redshift Midpoint, Duration, and Asymmetry
• The cross-correlation of the CMB polarisation and the 21-cm line fluctuations from cosmic reionisation
• Statistical Detection of IGM Structures during Cosmic Reionization using Absorption of the Redshifted 21 cm line by HI against Compact Background Radio Sources
• Constraints on the state of the IGM at $z\sim 8-10$ using redshifted 21-cm observations with LOFAR
• 21cm forest probes on the axion dark matter in the post-inflationary Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking scenarios
• Distinguishing the impact and signature of black holes from different origins in early cosmic history
• HI 21cm probes of reionization, and beyond
• Predictions for the 21cm-galaxy cross-power spectrum observable with SKA and future galaxy surveys
• A galaxy-free phenomenological model for the 21-cm power spectrum during reionization
• Testing Cold Dark Matter Models At Moderate to High Redshift
• Constraining primordial non-Gaussianity with CMB-21cm cross-correlations?
• 21cm fluctuations from primordial magnetic fields
• Probing Oscillons of Ultra-Light Axion-like Particle by 21cm Forest
• Enhanced Detectability of Pre-reionization 21-cm Structure
• Impact of $1/f$ noise on cosmological parameter constraints for SKA intensity mapping
• Constraining low redshift [CII] Emission by Cross-Correlating FIRAS and BOSS Data
• Quantiles as Robust Probes of Non-Gaussianity in 21-cm Images
• An Analytic Formulation of 21-cm Signal from Early Phase of Epoch of Reionization
• Degree-Scale Galactic Radio Emission at 122 MHz around the North Celestial Pole with LOFAR-AARTFAAC
• Extreme Spheres: Counts-in-cells for 21cm intensity mapping
• Optimally Mapping Large-Scale Structures with Luminous Sources
• Characterization Of Inpaint Residuals In Interferometric Measurements of the Epoch Of Reionization
• Detection of Cosmic Structures using the Bispectrum Phase. I. Mathematical Foundations
• Post-reionization HI 21-cm signal: A probe of negative cosmological constant
• A new probe of magnetic fields in the pre-reionization epoch: II. Detectability
• The Tracking Tapered Gridded Estimator for the 21-cm power spectrum from MWA drift scan observations I: Validation and preliminary results
• Radio views of cosmic reionization
• Calibration Error in 21-centimeter Global Spectrum Experiments
• Efficient exploration of reionization parameters for the upcoming 21 cm observations using a photon conserving semi-numerical model SCRIPT
• Probing quasar lifetimes with proximate $21$-centimetre absorption in the diffuse intergalactic medium at redshifts $z\ge 6$
• Mapping discrete galaxies at cosmic dawn with 21-centimeter observations
• 21cmFirstCLASS II. Early linear fluctuations of the 21cm signal
• Probing the intergalactic medium during the Epoch of Reionization using 21-cm signal power spectra
• RHINO: A large horn antenna for detecting the 21cm global signal
• Estimation of HII Bubble Size Distribution from 21cm Power Spectrum with Artificial Neural Networks
• CMB and 21cm bounds on early structure formation boosted by primordial black hole entropy fluctuations
• Maximum amplitude of the high-redshift 21-cm absorption feature
• Antisymmetric cross-correlation of line-intensity maps as a probe of reionization
• Observing the redshifted 21 cm signal around a bright QSO at $z\sim 10$
• Emission-line Stacking of 21cm Intensity Maps with MeerKLASS: Inference Pipeline and Application to the L-band Deep-field Data
• Square Kilometre Array Science Data Challenge 3a: foreground removal for an EoR experiment
• Can HI 21 cm line trace the Missing Baryons in the Filamentary Structures?
• Antisymmetric Cross-correlation between H I and CO Line Intensity Maps as a New Probe of Cosmic Reionization
• The impact of Lyman-$\alpha$ emission line heating and cooling on the cosmic dawn 21-cm signal
• Intergalactic heating by Lyman-alpha photons including hyperfine structure corrections
• A CRASH simulation of the contribution of binary stars to the epoch of reionization
• Rapid onset of the 21-cm signal suggests a preferred mass range for dark matter particle
• Cosmic Reionization and the First Nonlinear Structures in the Universe
• The Wouthuysen-Field effect in a clumpy intergalactic medium
• `First Light' in the Universe; What Ended the "Dark Age"?
• Probing axion dark matter with 21cm fluctuations from minihalos
• A detailed exploration of the EDGES 21 cm absorption anomaly and axion-induced cooling
• Black holes at cosmic dawn in the redshifted 21cm signal of HI
• Anisotropies in Cosmological 21 cm Background by Oscillons/I-balls of Ultra-light Axion-like Particle
• Dark ages, a window on the dark sector. Hunting for ultra-light axions
• Galactic wind X-ray heating of the intergalactic medium during the Epoch of Reionization
• Calibration requirements for Epoch of Reionization 21-cm signal observations -- II. Analytical estimation of the bias and variance with time-correlated residual gains
• Searching for the earliest galaxies in the 21 cm forest
• Deep learning-driven likelihood-free parameter inference for 21-cm forest observations
• Requirements for Cosmological 21-cm Masers
• Impact of cosmic rays on the global 21-cm signal during cosmic dawn
• A practical theorem on using interferometry to measure the global 21-cm signal
• Semi-Numerical Simulation of Reionization with Semi-Analytical Modeling of Galaxy Formation
• The ultimate frontier of 21cm cosmology
• The mass distribution of the first stars can be determined via the 21-cm signal
• Let there be Light: the Emergence of Structure out of the Dark Ages in the Early Universe
• Reionization: Characteristic Scales, Topology and Observability
• A Method to Extract the Angular Power Spectrum of the Epoch of Reionization from Low-Frequency Radio Interferometers
• Full-Sky Lensing Reconstruction of 21 cm Intensity Maps
• A Differentiable, End-to-End Forward Model for 21 cm Cosmology: Estimating the Foreground, Instrument, and Signal Joint Posterior
• Towards Optimal Foreground Mitigation Strategies for Interferometric HI Intensity Mapping in the Low-Redshift Universe
• Hydrogen 2p--2s transition: signals from the epochs of recombination and reionization
• A Comparative Analysis To Deal With Missing Spectral Information Caused By RFI In Cosmological HI 21CM Observations
• Analytic Formulation of 21 cm Signal from Cosmic Dawn: Ly$\alpha$ Fluctuations
• Search for the Epoch of Reionisation with HERA: Upper Limits on the Closure Phase Delay Power Spectrum
• Impact of astrophysical scatter on the Epoch of Reionization [H I]${}_{21cm}$ bispectrum
• Studying the Multi-frequency Angular Power Spectrum of the Cosmic Dawn 21-cm Signal
• Can EDGES observation favour any dark matter model?
• Lyman-alpha Heating of Inhomogeneous High-redshift Intergalactic Medium
• The History of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) - Born Global
• Prospects of FRBs and Large Scale 21 cm Power Spectra in Constraining the Epoch of Reionization
• Linear Polarization of the 21 cm Line from the Epoch of Reionization
• Probing the Epoch of Reionization using synergies of line intensity mapping
• Probing isocurvature perturbations with 21-cm global signal in the light of HERA result
• Intensity mapping of post-reionization 21-cm signal and its cross-correlations as a probe of $f(R)$ gravity
• Energy injection in pre-recombination era and EDGES detection
• Understanding spectral artefacts in SKA-LOW 21-cm cosmology experiments: the impact of cable reflections
• COMAP Pathfinder -- Season 2 results II. Updated constraints on the CO(1-0) power spectrum
• Probing the cosmic web in Ly$\alpha$ emission over large scales: an Intensity Mapping forecast for DECaLS/BASS and DESI
• Effects of chemically homogeneous evolution of the first stars on the 21-cm signal and reionization
• Ionized bubble number count as a probe of non-Gaussianity
• Signal in the Hyperfine Structure Line of the Ground State of Atomic Hydrogen from the Dark Ages as a Cosmological Test
• Signals of the cosmological reionization in the radio sky through C and O fine structure lines
• Expanded Generalized Needlet Internal Linear Combination (eGNILC) Framework for the 21-cm Foreground Removal
• A comparison of numerical methods for computing the reionization of intergalacitc hydrogen and helium by a central radiating source
• Global signal in the redshifted hydrogen 21-cm line from the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn: Dependence on the nature of dark matter and modeling of first light
• Observational Manifestations of the First Protogalaxies in the 21 cm Line
• Forecasting 21-cm power spectrum sensitivity to dark Matter-baryon scattering
• Leveraging cross-correlations and linear covariance-based filtering for line-intensity map reconstructions at linear scales
• Astro2020 Science White Paper: First Stars and Black Holes at Cosmic Dawn with Redshifted 21-cm Observations
• Reconstructing the Gravitational Lensing Potential from the Lyman-$\alpha$ Forest
• Black Hole High Mass X-ray Binary Microquasars at Cosmic Dawn
• Impact of the turnover in the high-z galaxy luminosity function on the 21-cm signal during Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization
• Narrowing the discovery space of the cosmological 21-cm signal using multi-wavelength constraints
• Observational constraints on the metagalactic Ly$\alpha$ photon scattering rate at high redshift
• Cospatial 21 cm and metal-line absorbers in the epoch of reionization -- I : Incidence and observability
• Neutrino Masses, Dark Energy and the Gravitational Lensing of Pregalactic HI
• Reconstructing HI power spectrum with minimal parameters using the dark matter distribution beyond halos
• The temperature of IGM at high redshifts: shock heating and high mach problem
• Catching p via s wave with indirect detection
• Global 21 cm signal: a promising probe of primordial features
• Morphology of the Secondary CMB Anisotropies: the Key to "Smoldering" Reionization
• Lyman-α polarization from cosmological ionization fronts: I. Radiative transfer simulations
• Mocking Faint Black Holes during Reionization
• 21 cm Angular Spectrum of Cosmic String Loops
• Luminosity Bias (II): The Cosmic Web of the First Stars
• What can we learn about Reionization astrophysical parameters using Gaussian Process Regression?
• Constraining the Hubble parameter with the 21 cm brightness temperature signal in a universe with inhomogeneities
• Estimating Soil Electrical Parameters in the Canadian High Arctic from Impedance Measurements of the MIST Antenna Above the Surface
• ECHO21: a tool for modelling global 21-cm signal from dark ages to reionization
• Infra-red emission line tomography of the intergalactic medium during the Epoch of Reionization
• Extracting the Epoch of Reionization Signal with 3D U-Net Neural Networks Using Data-driven Systematic Effect Model
• Extracting 21cm signal by frequency and angular filtering
• Particle production during inflation: constraints expected from redshifted 21 cm observations from the epoch of reionization
• 21 cm Signal from the Thermal Evolution of Lyman-$\alpha$ during Cosmic Dawn
• The Infancy of Cosmic Reionization
• Predicting the intensity mapping signal for multi-$J$ CO lines
• Astrophysical uncertainties challenge 21-cm forecasts: A primordial black hole case study
• Forecasts on Interacting Dark Energy from 21-cm Angular Power Spectrum with BINGO and SKA observations
• Design Equations for a Closely-Spaced Two-Element Interferometer Including Internal Noise Coupling
• Analytical modeling of the one-dimensional power spectrum of 21-cm forest based on a halo model method
• 21-cm power spectrum and ionization bias as a probe of long-mode modulated non Gaussian sky
• Thermal Evolution of the IGM due to Lyman-α photons during the Cosmic Dawn
• The haloes that reionized the Universe
• Observing the influence of growing black holes on the pre-reionization IGM
• Combined lensed estimator to probe the post reionization H I power spectrum
• Constraining the [CII] luminosity function from the power spectrum of line-intensity maps at redshift 3.6
• Contribution of Cross-Correlations to the 21cm Angular Power Spectrum in the Epoch of Reionization
• Exploring delaying and heating effects on the 21-cm signature of fuzzy dark matter
• Power spectrum multipoles and clustering wedges during the Epoch of Reionization
• Weak Lensing the non-Linear Ly-alpha Forest
• Joint analysis of EDGES $21$-cm line observations with standard candles and rulers in $\Lambda$CDM and non-adiabatic gCg models
• Bayes-SCF: A Bayesian filter to mitigate foreground leakage in the 21-cm power spectrum
• A Comprehensive Bayesian re-analysis of the SARAS2 data from the Epoch of Reionization
• The heating rate of the Intergalactic Medium by Lyman-$\alpha$ photon scattering
• Sample Variance Denoising in Cylindrical 21-cm Power Spectra
• The Fundamentals of the 21-cm Line
• Classification of Radio Backgrounds at Cosmic Dawn and 21 cm Signal Confirmation Using Neural Networks
• Implications of the cosmological 21-cm absorption profile for high-redshift star formation and deep JWST surveys
• Robust Intensity Mapping Analysis against Foregrounds for the Epoch of Reionization
• The 21-cm signature of X-ray heated halos around galaxies during cosmic dawn
• Cross-correlations between mm-wave line-intensity mapping and weak lensing surveys: preliminary consideration of long-term prospects
• Nonlinear reconstruction of 21cm global signal from 21cm power spectrum with artificial neural networks
• Constraints on the velocity dispersion of Dark Matter from Cosmology and new bounds on scattering from the Cosmic Dawn
• Uncertainty-Aware Neural Networks for Fuzzy Dark Matter Model Selection from \texorpdfstring{$x_{\mathrm{HI}}$}{x_HI} Measurements
• Effect of the cosmological transition to metal-enriched star-formation on the hydrogen 21-cm signal
• It's Always Darkest Before the Cosmic Dawn: Early Results from Novel Tools and Telescopes for 21 cm Cosmology
• Gravitational Wave Informed Inference of 21-cm Global Signal Parameters