Improving Foreground Subtraction in Statistical Observations of 21 cm Emission from the Epoch of Reionization

Abstract

Statistical observations of the Epoch of Reionization using the 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of structure formation and the first luminous objects. However, these observations are complicated by a host of strong foreground sources. Several foreground removal techniques have been proposed in the literature, and it has been assumed that these would be used in combination to reveal the Epoch of Reionization (EOR) signal. By studying the characteristic subtraction errors of the proposed foreground removal techniques, we identify an additional subtraction stage that can further reduce the EOR foreground contamination, and study the interactions between the foreground removal algorithms. This enables us to outline a comprehensive foreground removal strategy that incorporates all previously proposed subtraction techniques. Using this foreground removal framework and the characteristic subtraction errors, we discuss the complementarity of different foreground removal techniques and the implications for array design and the analysis of EOR data.

Replaced with version accepted by ApJ: minor text changes to make the paper clearer, updated references

References in corpus (15)

• 21-cm Tomography of the Intergalactic Medium at High Redshift
• 21 Centimeter Fluctuations from Cosmic Gas at High Redshifts
• Multifrequency analysis of 21 cm fluctuations from the Era of Reionization
• Radio Signatures of HI at High Redshift: Mapping the End of the ``Dark Ages''
• Toward Epoch of Reionization Measurements with Wide-Field Radio Observations
• Radio Foregrounds for the 21cm Tomography of the Neutral Intergalactic Medium at High Redshifts
• Statistical Probes of Reionization With 21 cm Tomography
• On using visibility correlations to probe the HI distribution from the dark ages to the present epoch I: Formalism and the expected signal
• On the Direct Detectability of the Cosmic Dark Ages: 21-cm Emission from Minihalos
• HI 21cm absorption beyond the epoch of re-ionization
• Power Spectrum Sensitivity and the Design of Epoch of Reionization Observatories
• The Sensitivity of First Generation Epoch of Reionization Observatories and Their Potential for Differentiating Theoretical Power Spectra
• Probing the Dark Ages with the Square Kilometer Array
• Characteristics of the structure in the Galactic polarized radio background at 350 MHz
• Observations of HI 21cm absorption by the neutral IGM during the epoch of re-ionization with the Square Kilometer Array

Cited by in corpus (104)

• Cosmology at Low Frequencies: The 21 cm Transition and the High-Redshift Universe
• A model of diffuse Galactic Radio Emission from 10 MHz to 100 GHz
• Reionization and Cosmology with 21 cm Fluctuations
• Bright Source Subtraction Requirements For Redshifted 21 cm Measurements
• What Next-Generation 21 cm Power Spectrum Measurements Can Teach Us About the Epoch of Reionization
• Late-time cosmology with 21cm intensity mapping experiments
• Science with the Murchison Widefield Array
• Foreground simulations for the LOFAR - Epoch of Reionization Experiment
• PAPER-64 Constraints on Reionization: The 21cm Power Spectrum at z=8.4
• The GMRT-EoR Experiment: A new upper limit on the neutral hydrogen power spectrum at z~8.6
• Foregrounds for observations of the cosmological 21 cm line: I. First Westerbork measurements of Galactic emission at 150 MHz in a low latitude field
• Foreground Contamination in Interferometric Measurements of the Redshifted 21 cm Power Spectrum
• A Method for 21cm Power Spectrum Estimation in the Presence of Foregrounds
• Real-Time Calibration of the Murchison Widefield Array
• Opening the 21cm EoR Window: Measurements of Foreground Isolation with PAPER
• Foreground Removal using FastICA: A Showcase of LOFAR-EoR
• First Season MWA EoR Power Spectrum Results at Redshift 7
• Detecting the Rise and Fall of 21 cm Fluctuations with the Murchison Widefield Array
• Twenty-one centimeter tomography with foregrounds
• Foregrounds in Wide-Field Redshifted 21 cm Power Spectra
• Blind foreground subtraction for intensity mapping experiments
• The Fast Fourier Transform Telescope
• Realistic Simulations of the Galactic Polarized Foreground: Consequences for 21-cm Reionization Detection Experiments
• Statistical 21-cm Signal Separation via Gaussian Process Regression Analysis
• Prospects for Cosmological Collider Physics
• Foregrounds for redshifted 21 cm studies of reionization: GMRT 153 MHz observations
• Foregrounds for observations of the cosmological 21 cm line: II. Westerbork observations of the fields around 3C196 and the North Celestial Pole
• A ground-based 21cm Baryon acoustic oscillation survey
• Non-parametric foreground subtraction for 21cm epoch of reionization experiments
• The effect of foreground subtraction on cosmological measurements from Intensity Mapping
• How well can we measure and understand foregrounds with 21 cm experiments?
• Confirmation of Wide-Field Signatures in Redshifted 21 cm Power Spectra
• The Importance of Wide-field Foreground Removal for 21 cm Cosmology: A Demonstration With Early MWA Epoch of Reionization Observations
• Extending cosmological tests of General Relativity with the Square Kilometre Array
• Will point sources spoil 21 cm tomography?
• De-contamination of cosmological 21-cm maps
• Constraining DM through 21 cm observations
• Effect of the intergalactic environment on the observability of Ly-alpha emitters during reionization
• Systematic Effects of Foreground Removal in 21cm Surveys of Reionization
• The Effects of Polarized Foregrounds on 21cm Epoch of Reionization Power Spectrum Measurements
• Effects of Antenna Beam Chromaticity on Redshifted 21~cm Power Spectrum and Implications for Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array
• Fast simulations for intensity mapping experiments
• The Murchison Widefield Array 21 cm Power Spectrum Analysis Methodology
• Towards a measurement of the spectral runnings
• Lensing Reconstruction using redshifted 21cm Fluctuations
• Spectral Line De-confusion in an Intensity Mapping Survey
• The Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array Dish I: Beam Pattern Measurements and Science Implications
• deep21: a Deep Learning Method for 21cm Foreground Removal
• Detection and extraction of signals from the epoch of reionization using higher order one-point statistics
• The trispectrum of 21-cm background anisotropies as a probe of primordial non-Gaussianity
• Constraints on Fundamental Cosmological Parameters with Upcoming Redshifted 21 cm Observations
• GMRT observation towards detecting the Post-reionization 21-cm signal
• Estimation of Cosmological Parameters from HI Observations of Post-reionization Epoch
• Recovering the Wedge Modes Lost to 21-cm Foregrounds
• Adding Context to JWST Surveys with Current and Future 21cm Radio Observations
• Subtraction of point sources from interferometric radio images through an algebraic forward modeling scheme
• The Bias and Uncertainty of Redundant and Sky-Based Calibration under Realistic Sky and Telescope Conditions
• Foreground removal for Square Kilometre Array observations of the Epoch of Reionization with the Correlated Component Analysis
• Phase-Space Spectral Line De-confusion in Intensity Mapping
• Cosmological and Astrophysical Parameter Measurements with 21-cm Anisotropies During the Era of Reionization
• The 21-cm Line as a Probe of Reionization
• Modeling the Radio Foreground for detection of CMB spectral distortions from Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization
• Bayesian semi-blind component separation for foreground removal in interferometric 21-cm observations
• Detection of Signals from Cosmic Reionization using Radio Interferometric Signal Processing
• The degeneracy between primordial non-Gaussianity and foregrounds in 21cm intensity mapping experiments
• Signatures of clumpy dark matter in the global 21 cm background signal
• Contamination of the Epoch of Reionization power spectrum in the presence of foregrounds
• Joint estimation of the Epoch of Reionization power spectrum and foregrounds
• Reionization and the large-scale 21 cm-cosmic microwave background cross correlation
• The impact of non-Gaussianity on the error covariance for observations of the Epoch of Reionization 21-cm power spectrum
• New Limits on Polarized Power Spectra at 126 and 164 MHz: Relevance to Epoch of Reionization Measurements
• The micro-structure of the intergalactic medium I: the 21cm signature from dynamical minihaloes
• The Spin-Resolved Atomic Velocity Distribution and 21-cm Line Profile of Dark-Age Gas
• A new layout optimization technique for interferometric arrays, applied to the MWA
• Foreground modelling via Gaussian process regression: an application to HERA data
• Predictions for measuring the 21-cm multi-frequency angular power spectrum using SKA-Low
• Deeper multi-redshift upper limits on the Epoch of Reionization 21-cm signal power spectrum from LOFAR between z=8.3 and z=10.1
• Deconvolving the Wedge: Maximum-Likelihood Power Spectra via Spherical-Wave Visibility Modeling
• Probing the first galaxies with the SKA
• Testing gravity at large scales with HI intensity mapping
• Measuring HERA's primary beam in-situ: methodology and first results
• Deep learning approach for identification of HII regions during reionization in 21-cm observations -- II. foreground contamination
• Statistical recovery of 21cm visibilities and their power spectra with Gaussian constrained realisations and Gibbs sampling
• A Technique for Foreground Subtraction in Redshifted 21 cm Observations
• Observing the Reionization : Effect of Calibration and Position Errors on Realistic Observation Conditions
• Cross-correlation studies as a probe of reionization physics
• Subtracting Foregrounds from Interferometric Measurements of the Redshifted 21 cm Emission
• Extracting the Signal of Cosmic String Wakes from 21-cm Observations
• Constraining primordial non-Gaussianity with CMB-21cm cross-correlations?
• Investigating the Contribution of Extended Radio Sources to the Epoch of Reionisation Power Spectrum
• Simulated foreground predictions for HI at z = 3.35 with the Ooty Wide Field Array: I. Instrument and the foregrounds
• Optimally Mapping Large-Scale Structures with Luminous Sources
• Non-Gaussianity of diffuse Galactic synchrotron emission at 408 MHz
• CONCERTO: Extracting the power spectrum of the [C II ] emission line
• The precision and accuracy of early Epoch of Reionization foreground models: comparing MWA and PAPER 32-antenna source catalogs
• The Impact of HI in Galaxies on 21-cm Intensity Fluctuations During the Reionisation Epoch
• Calibration requirements for Epoch of Reionization 21-cm signal observations -- II. Analytical estimation of the bias and variance with time-correlated residual gains
• Validating a novel angular power spectrum estimator using simulated low frequency radio-interferometric data
• A Method to Extract the Angular Power Spectrum of the Epoch of Reionization from Low-Frequency Radio Interferometers
• The Correlation Between Star Formation and 21cm Emission During the Reionization Epoch
• White Noise from Dark Matter: 21 cm Observations of Early Baryon Collapse
• Reconstructing the Long-wavelength Matter Density Fluctuation Modes from the Scalar-Type Clustering Fossils
• Strategy for mitigation of systematics for EoR experiments with the Murchison Widefield Array
• Optimizing Foreground Modelling for Global 21cm Cosmology with GPU-Accelerated Nested Sampling