The Formation of the First Low-Mass Stars From Gas With Low Carbon and Oxygen Abundances

Abstract

The first stars in the Universe are predicted to have been much more massive than the Sun. Gravitational condensation accompanied by cooling of the primordial gas due to molecular hydrogen, yields a minimum fragmentation scale of a few hundred solar masses. Numerical simulations indicate that once a gas clump acquires this mass, it undergoes a slow, quasi-hydrostatic contraction without further fragmentation. Here we show that as soon as the primordial gas - left over from the Big Bang - is enriched by supernovae to a carbon or oxygen abundance as small as ~0.01-0.1% of that found in the Sun, cooling by singly-ionized carbon or neutral oxygen can lead to the formation of low-mass stars. This mechanism naturally accommodates the discovery of solar mass stars with unusually low (10^{-5.3} of the solar value) iron abundance but with a high (10^{-1.3} solar) carbon abundance. The minimum stellar mass at early epochs is partially regulated by the temperature of the cosmic microwave background. The derived critical abundances can be used to identify those metal-poor stars in our Milky Way galaxy with elemental patterns imprinted by the first supernovae.

arXiv comment14 pages, 2 figures (appeared today in Nature)

References in corpus (26)

• The Nucleosynthetic Signature of Population III
• The Formation of the First Star in the Universe
• First stars V - Abundance patterns from C to Zn and supernova yields in the early Galaxy
• The Formation of the First Stars. I. The Primordial Star Forming Cloud
• Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) First Year Observations: TE Polarization
• Formation of the First Supermassive Black Holes
• Nucleosynthesis of Zinc and Iron-Peak Elements in Pop III Type II Supernovae : Comparison with abundances of Very Metal-Poor Halo Stars
• A stellar relic from the early Milky Way
• First stars, very massive black holes and metals
• Early Star Formation and the Evolution of the Stellar Initial Mass Function in Galaxies
• Generic Spectrum and Ionization Efficiency of a Heavy Initial Mass Function for the First Stars
• First-generation black-hole-forming supernovae and the metal abundance pattern of a very iron-poor star
• Massive star formation in 100,000 years from turbulent and pressurized molecular clouds
• Protostellar Collapse with Various Metallicities
• Zero-Metallicity Stars and the Effects of the First Stars on Reionization
• Low-Mass Relics of Early Star Formation
• Three Epochs of Star Formation in the High Redshift Universe
• The evolution of the C/O ratio in metal-poor halo stars
• The First Supernova Explosions in the Universe
• Cosmic Reionisation by Stellar Sources: Population III Stars
• Was the Universe Reionized by Massive Population-III Stars?
• Implications of WMAP Observations On the Population III Star Formation Processes
• The Stellar Initial Mass Function in Primordial Galaxies
• Determination of Nucleosynthetic Yields of Supernovae and Very Massive Stars from Abundances in Metal-Poor Stars
• The characteristic stellar mass as a function of redshift
• The Prompt Inventory from Very Massive Stars and Elemental Abundances in Ly Alpha Systems

Cited by in corpus (302)

• Cosmology at Low Frequencies: The 21 cm Transition and the High-Redshift Universe
• 21-cm cosmology
• The First Stars
• Near-Field Cosmology with Metal-Poor Stars
• The First Galaxies
• The Hamburg/ESO R-process Enhanced Star survey (HERES) II. Spectroscopic analysis of the survey sample
• Thermal and Fragmentation Properties of Star-forming Clouds in Low-metallicity Environments
• The formation of the first stars and galaxies
• Formation of the First Stars
• The Physics of the Intergalactic Medium
• An extremely primitive halo star
• Formation of the first nuclear clusters and massive black holes at high redshift
• The first stars: formation of binaries and small multiple systems
• Fragmentation of star-forming clouds enriched with the first dust
• The Structure and Evolution of Early Cosmological HII Regions
• Very low metallicity massive star models: Pre-SN evolution and primary nitrogen production
• Can Supermassive Black Holes Form in Metal-Enriched High-Redshift Protogalaxies ?
• The Formation of the First Stars II. Radiative Feedback Processes and Implications for the Initial Mass Function
• The First Galaxies: Assembly, Cooling and the Onset of Turbulence
• The First Galaxies: Chemical Enrichment, Mixing, and Star Formation
• High-Redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts from Population III Progenitors
• Segue 1: An Unevolved Fossil Galaxy from the Early Universe
• Probing the Formation of the First Low-Mass Stars with Stellar Archaeology
• The Most Metal-Poor Stars. IV. The Two Populations With [Fe/H] < -3.0
• HE1327-2326, an unevolved star with [Fe/H]<-5.0. I. A Comprehensive Abundance Analysis
• Early Cosmological HII/HeIII Regions and Their Impact on Second-Generation Star Formation
• Production of dust by massive stars at high redshift
• The transition from population III to population II-I star formation
• Chemical Evolution in Hierarchical Models Of Cosmic Structure I: Constraints on the Early Stellar Initial Mass Function
• The UV continua and inferred stellar populations of galaxies at z ~ 7 - 9 revealed by the Hubble Ultra Deep Field 2012 campaign
• TOPoS: II. On the bimodality of carbon abundance in CEMP stars. Implications on the early chemical evolution of galaxies
• Star formation at very low metallicity. I: Chemistry and cooling at low densities
• Binarity in Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor stars
• The most metal-poor damped Lyman-alpha systems: Insights into chemical evolution in the very metal-poor regime
• Pre-galactic metal enrichment - The chemical signatures of the first stars
• Two populations of metal-free stars in the early Universe
• Extragalactic Background Light from Hierarchical Galaxy Formation: Gamma-ray Attenuation up to the Epoch of Cosmic Reionization and the First Stars
• Detailed Chemical Abundances in the r-Process-Rich Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxy Reticulum 2
• An Elemental Assay of Very, Extremely, and Ultra Metal-Poor Stars
• The Dawn of Chemistry
• The First Supernova Explosions: Energetics, Feedback, and Chemical Enrichment
• Abundance Profiling of Extremely Metal-Poor Stars and Supernova Properties in the Early Universe
• The Detectability of Pair-Production Supernovae at z < 6
• Metal and molecule cooling in simulations of structure formation
• Metal and molecule cooling in simulations of structure formation
• Three Modes of Metal-Enriched Star Formation in the Early Universe
• The First Population II Stars Formed in Externally Enriched Mini-halos
• Supernova Explosions in the Early Universe: Evolution of Radiative Remnants and the Halo Destruction Efficiency
• Populating the upper black hole mass gap through stellar collisions in young star clusters
• Stellar Archaeology -- Exploring the Universe with Metal-Poor Stars
• Critical Metallicity and Fine-Structure Emission of Primordial Gas Enriched by the First Stars
• The stellar content of the Hamburg/ESO survey. V. The metallicity distribution function of the Galactic halo
• The Initial mass function of the first stars inferred from extremely metal-poor stars
• Outskirts of Galaxy Clusters
• Metal Cooling in Simulations of Cosmic Structure Formation
• High-Resolution Spectroscopy of Extremely Metal-Poor Stars in the Least Evolved Galaxies: Leo IV
• The Origin of Carbon-Enhancement and Initial Mass Function of Extremely Metal-Poor Stars in the Galactic Halo
• The first low-mass stars: critical metallicity or dust-to-gas ratio?
• Nucleosynthesis, Reionization, and the Mass Function of the First Stars
• Uncovering the Chemical Signature of the First Stars in the Universe
• The interplay between chemical and mechanical feedback from the first generation of stars
• A primordial star in the heart of the Lion
• The Impact of Star Formation and Gamma-Ray Burst Rates at High Redshift on Cosmic Chemical Evolution and Reionization
• Population III.1 and III.2 gamma-Ray Bursts: Constraints on the event rate for future radio and X-ray surveys
• High-redshift formation and evolution of central massive objects II: The census of BH seeds
• The role of binaries in the enrichment of the early Galactic halo. II. Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars - CEMP-no stars
• Low-Metallicity Star Formation : Prestellar Collapse and Protostellar Accretion in the Spherical Symmetry
• The C/O ratio at low metallicity: constraints on early chemical evolution from observations of Galactic halo stars
• Confined Population III Enrichment and the Prospects for Prompt Second-Generation Star Formation
• Occurrence of Metal-free Galaxies in the Early Universe
• The Chemical Abundances of Stars in the Halo (CASH) Project. II. A Sample of 16 Extremely Metal-poor Stars
• Decoding the stellar fossils of the dusty Milky Way progenitors
• When did Population III star formation end?
• The Source Density and Observability of Pair-Instability Supernovae from the First Stars
• Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars: Relics from the Dark Ages
• The First Planets: the Critical Metallicity for Planet Formation
• Is Double Reionization Physically Plausible?
• The First Galaxies: Assembly of Disks and Prospects for Direct Detection
• Signatures of Galactic Superwinds: Inhomogeneous Metal Enrichment of the Lyman Alpha Forest
• Recovery from population III supernova explosions and the onset of second generation star formation
• Legacy of star formation in the pre-reionization universe
• The effect of dust cooling on low-metallicity star-forming clouds
• SD 1313-0019 -- Another second-generation star with [Fe/H] = -5.0, observed with the Magellan Telescope
• Preserving chemical signatures of primordial star formation in the first low-mass stars
• Metals, dust and the cosmic microwave background: fragmentation of high-redshift star-forming clouds
• The minimum stellar metallicity observable in the Galaxy
• Probing Pre-galactic Metal Enrichment with High-Redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts
• HD and H2 formation in low-metallicity dusty gas clouds at high redshift
• The Transition from the First Stars to the Second Stars in the Early Universe
• From First Stars to the Spite Plateau: a Possible Reconciliation of Halo Stars Observations with Predictions from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Population III stars and the Long Gamma Ray Burst rate
• High-resolution spectroscopy of extremely metal-poor stars in the least evolved galaxies: Bootes II
• First Stellar Binary Black Holes: Strongest Gravitational Wave Burst Sources
• Chemical Abundance Analysis of the Extremely Metal-Poor Star HE 1300+0157
• The Cosmic Evolution of the Metallicity Distribution of Ionized Gas Traced by Lyman Limit Systems
• Iron and alpha-element Production in the First One Billion Years after the Big Bang
• Genesis and evolution of dust in galaxies in the early Universe I. Modeling dust evolution in starburst galaxies
• Chemical Analysis of the Ninth Magnitude Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Star BD+44 493
• CO/H2, C/CO, OH/CO, and OH/O2 in Dense Interstellar Gas: From High Ionization to Low Metallicity
• The Epoch of Reionization
• Pair-Instability Supernovae at the Epoch of Reionization
• Chemical abundances of distant extremely metal-poor unevolved stars
• Metal-poor star formation triggered by the feedback effects from Pop III stars
• The superluminous supernova PS1-11ap: bridging the gap between low and high redshift
• Cosmic Star Formation, Reionization, and Constraints on Global Chemical Evolution
• The Pristine Survey -- VI. The first three years of medium-resolution follow-up spectroscopy of Pristine EMP star candidates
• Dust-cooling--induced Fragmentation of Low-metallicity Clouds
• Metal-Poor Stars and the Chemical Enrichment of the Universe
• The formation of the extremely primitive star SDSS J102915+172927 relies on dust
• Star Formation in the First Galaxies - II: Clustered Star Formation and the Influence of Metal Line Cooling
• The Oxygen Abundance of HE 1327-2326
• Galactic Archeology with the AEGIS Survey: The Evolution of Carbon and Iron in the Galactic Halo
• TOPoS: I. Survey design and analysis of the first sample
• The Persistence of Population III Star Formation
• Simulating the assembly of galaxies at redshifts z = 6 - 12
• The SkyMapper DR1.1 Search for Extremely Metal-Poor Stars
• UV Radiative Feedback on High-Redshift Proto-Galaxies
• Impact of the cosmic background radiation on the initial mass function of metal-poor stars
• Oxygen Overabundance in the Extremely Iron-Poor Star CS29498-043
• Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars, the Cosmic Microwave Background, and the Stellar IMF in the Early Universe
• Chemical enrichment and physical conditions in I Zw 18
• Seeding the Second Star: enrichment from population III, dust evolution, and cloud collapse
• Star formation at very low metallicity. II: On the insignificance of metal-line cooling during the early stages of gravitational collapse
• Probing the Epoch of Reionization with Milky Way Satellites
• Unique Signatures of Population III Stars in the Global 21-cm Signal
• Gravitational Waves from the First Stars
• Carbon-Enhanced Hyper-metal-poor Stars and the Stellar IMF at Low Metallicity
• Self-consistent Semi-analytic Modeling of Feedback During Primordial Star Formation and Reionization
• The observational signature of the first H II regions
• Simulating high-z Gamma-ray Burst host galaxies
• Public Release of A-SLOTH: Ancient Stars and Local Observables by Tracing Halos
• Gravitational instability in protostellar disks at low metallicities
• On the First Generation of Stars
• On the formation of very metal-poor stars: The case of SDSS J1029151+172927
• Hierarchical Growth and Cosmic Star Formation: Enrichment, Outflows and Supernova Rates
• A New View of the Super Star Clusters in the Low-Metallicity Galaxy SBS 0335-052
• Lower Metal Enrichment of Virialized Gas in Minihalos
• Deep GEMINI GMOS-IFU spectroscopy of BAL QSOs: I. Decoupling the BAL, QSO, starburst, NLR, supergiant bubbles and galactic wind in Mrk 231
• Uncertainties in Galactic Chemical Evolution Models
• Resolving Globular Cluster Formation within a Cosmological Context
• X-Ray Monitoring of Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources
• Higher D or Li: Probes of Physics beyond the Standard Model
• Classification of extremely metal-poor stars: absent region in A(C)-[Fe/H] plane and the role of dust cooling
• Chemical Abundance Signature of J0023+0307 -- A Second-Generation Main-Sequence Star with [Fe/H]<-6
• Star Formation at Very Low Metallicity. IV. Fragmentation Does Not Depend on Metallicity for Cold Initial Conditions
• 3D non-LTE line formation of neutral carbon in the Sun
• High redshift formation and evolution of central massive objects I: model description
• Large-Scale Structure Formation: from the first non-linear objects to massive galaxy clusters
• Fitting formulae for evolution tracks of massive stars under extreme metal poor environments for population synthesis calculations and star cluster simulations
• Following the Cosmic Evolution of Pristine Gas II: The search for Pop III-Bright Galaxies
• Confrontation of MOND Predictions with WMAP First Year Data
• J0023+0307: A mega metal-poor dwarf star from SDSS/BOSS
• Magnetic field amplification in accretion discs around the first stars: implications for the primordial IMF
• Discovery of the most metal-poor damped Lyman-alpha system
• The first galaxies: simulating their feedback-regulated assembly
• X-Shooter GTO: evidence for a population of extremely metal-poor, alpha-poor stars
• Fragmentation in the First Galaxies
• Chemical enrichment of Damped Lyman Alpha systems as a direct constraint on Population III star formation
• The First Billion Years of a Warm Dark Matter Universe
• Supernova dust formation and the grain growth in the early universe: The critical metallicity for low-mass star formation
• Gravitational collapse and the thermal evolution of low-metallicity gas clouds in the early Universe
• Impact of Cosmic Rays on Population III Star Formation
• The Chemical Imprint of Silicate Dust on the Most Metal-Poor Stars
• Primordial Stellar Feedback and the Origin of Hyper Metal-Poor Stars
• Pair-Instability Supernovae via Collision Runaway in Young Dense Star Clusters
• Following The Cosmic Evolution Of Pristine Gas I: Implications For Milky Way Halo Stars
• The origin of the most iron-poor star
• Self-consistent semi-analytic models of the first stars
• Binary black hole mergers from Population III stars: uncertainties from star formation and binary star properties
• Fuzzy Dark Matter at Cosmic Dawn: New 21-cm Constraints
• Lyman `bump' galaxies - II. A possible signature of massive extremely metal-poor or metal-free stars in z=3.1 Ly-alpha emitters
• Molecular cooling in the diffuse interstellar medium
• Origin of Cosmic Chemical Abundances
• Population III Star Formation In Large Cosmological Simulations I. Halo Temporal and Physical Environment
• Dust grain growth and the formation of the extremely primitive star SDSS J102915+172927
• Follow-up observations of extremely metal-poor stars identified from SDSS
• Star formation in the first galaxies - III. Formation, evolution, and characteristics of the first stellar cluster
• An equatorial ultra iron-poor star identified in BOSS
• The Radio to Infrared Emission of Very High Redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts: Probing Early Star Formation through Molecular and Atomic Absorption Lines
• Dark Matter Halo Environment for Primordial Star Formation
• First stars and the extragalactic background light: How recent gamma-ray observations constrain the early universe
• Metal-poor Stars Observed with the Automated Planet Finder Telescope. II. Chemodynamical Analysis of Six Low-Metallicity Stars in the Halo System of the Milky Way
• Low-metallicity star formation: Relative impact of metals and magnetic fields
• Influence of Population III stars on cosmic chemical evolution
• Formation History of Metal-Poor Halo Stars with Hierarchical Model and the Effect of ISM accretion on the Most Metal-Poor Stars
• Effect of Intergalactic Medium on the Observability of Lyman Alpha Emitters during Cosmic Reionization
• Robust PCA and MIC statistics of baryons in early mini-haloes
• The formation of protostellar binaries in primordial minihalos
• Evolution and CNO yields of Z=10^-5 stars and possible effects on CEMP production
• A self-consistent semi-analytic model for Population III star formation in minihalos
• The chemical abundance pattern of the extremely metal-poor thin disk star 2MASS J1808-5104 and its origins
• Formation of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars as a consequence of inhomogeneous metal mixing
• Observational signatures of massive black hole formation in the early universe
• How much metals did the first stars provide to the ultra-faint dwarfs?
• IR mergers and IR QSOs with galactic winds. III. Mrk 231: composite outflow with multiple expanding bubbles and BALs (an exploding young QSO?)
• Suppression of accretion onto low-mass Population III stars
• S-process in low-mass extremely metal-poor stars
• Little Red Dots As Late-stage Quasi-stars
• Machine learning detects multiplicity of the first stars in stellar archaeology data
• Statistical properties of mass, star formation, chemical content and rotational patterns in early z > 9 structures
• Modeling the Pollution of Pristine Gas in the Early Universe
• New ultra metal-poor stars from SDSS: follow-up GTC medium-resolution spectroscopy
• Cosmic Renaissance: The First Sources of Light
• CosmoReionMC: A package for estimating cosmological and astrophysical parameters using CMB, Lyman-α absorption and global 21 cm data
• Population III Star Clusters in the Reionized Universe
• Radiative feedback and cosmic molecular gas: the role of different radiative sources
• Evidence of First Stars-enriched Gas in High-redshift Absorbers
• Neutrino Signatures from the First Stars
• The chemical signature of surviving Population III stars in the Milky Way
• Modelling the cosmological Lyman-Werner background radiation field in the Early Universe
• Radiative feedback and cosmic molecular gas: numerical method
• The implications of dust for high-redshift protogalaxies and the formation of binary disks
• Toward $abinitio$ extremely metal poor stars
• The Radiative Transport of Dust in Primordial Galaxies and Second-Generation Star Formation
• The Polytropic Equation of State of Primordial Gas Clouds
• The Pristine survey -- XV. A CFHT ESPaDOnS view on the Milky Way halo and disc populations
• LAMOST J2217+2104: a new member of carbon-enhanced extremely metal-poor stars with excesses of Mg and Si
• The Assembly of Black Hole Mass and Luminosity Functions of High-redshift Quasars via Multiple Accretion Episodes
• Transition From Population III to Population II Stars
• CEMP stars: possible hosts to carbon planets in the early universe
• PopIII signatures in the spectra of PopII/I GRBs
• Metal-Poor Stars Observed with the Southern African Large Telescope
• PISN-explorer: hunting the descendants of very massive first stars
• Water Formation During the Epoch of First Metal Enrichment
• On the 12C/13C isotopic ratio at the dawn of chemical evolution
• First supernovae in dwarf protogalaxies
• Do the environmental conditions affect the dust-induced fragmentation in low-metallicity clouds ?: Effect of pre-ionization and far-ultraviolet/cosmic-ray fields
• Early reionization by cosmic strings revisited
• Extremely-Metal Poor Stars in the Milky Way: A Second Generation Formed after Reionization
• Fates of the oldest intermediate-mass stars - Primordial to Extremely Metal-Poor AGB and Super-AGB Stars: White Dwarf or Supernova progenitors
• Raising the observed metallicity floor with a 3D non-LTE analysis of SDSS J102915.14+172927.9
• The complexity that the first stars brought to the Universe: Fragility of metal enriched gas in a radiation field
• Probing the High-Redshift Universe with SPICA: Toward the Epoch of Reionization and Beyond
• An upper limit on the sulphur abundance in HE 1327-2326
• Simulating extremely metal-poor gas and DLA metal content at redshift z=7
• Detection of Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of Population-III Remnants with Advanced LIGO
• Sources for Metals in the Intergalactic Medium
• Espresso observations of HE 0107$-$5240 and other CEMP-no stars with $[Fe/H]\le -4.5$
• Dark matter merging induced turbulence as an efficient engine for gas cooling
• The imprint of cosmological non-Gaussianities on primordial structure formation
• A Critique of the Spite Plateau, and the Astration of Primordial Lithium
• Ultra-faint dwarf galaxies as a test of early enrichment and metallicity-dependent star formation
• The G-dwarf problem in the Galaxy
• Cosmic Chemical Evolution with an Early Population of Intermediate Mass Stars
• Trading oxygen for iron I: the [O/Fe] -- specific star formation rate relation of galaxies
• Search for Extremely Metal-Poor Stars with GEMINI-N/GRACES I. Chemical-Abundance Analysis
• Metal enrichment signatures of the first stars on high-z DLAs
• Dwarf galaxies as a probe of a primordially magnetized Universe
• Constraining warm dark matter mass with cosmic reionization and gravitational wave
• The pristine nature of SMSS 1605$-$1443 revealed by ESPRESSO
• Evolution of the First Supernovae in Protogalaxies: Dynamics of Mixing of Heavy Elements
• The impact of carbon and oxygen abundances on the metal-poor initial mass function
• Fragmentation in Population III Galaxies formed through Ionizing Radiation
• SDSS J102915.14+172927.9: Revisiting the chemical pattern
• The extremely low metallicity star SDSS J102915+172927: a subgiant scenario
• Searching for the first stars with the Gaia mission
• Signatures of very massive stars: supercollapsars and their cosmological rate
• Modeling the survival of Population III stars till present day
• The End of an Era - The Population III to Population II Transition and the Near Infrared Background
• The earliest phases of CNO enrichment in galaxies
• Gas Accretion via Lyman Limit Systems
• Metal-Poor Stars Observed with the Southern African Large Telescope II. An Extended Sample
• On the Origin of the High Star-Formation Efficiency in Massive Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn
• Driving Conditions of Protostellar Outflows in Different Star-Forming Environments
• Temperature and density dependent cooling function for H${}_2$ with updated H${}_2$/H collisional rates
• On the population of primordial star clusters in the presence of UV background radiation
• The glow of primordial remnants
• Do fragmentation and accretion affect the stellar Initial Mass Function?
• Accurate Metallicities for Very Metal-Poor Stars from the Ca~II Infrared Triplet
• A new model for the origin of very metal poor stars and their chemical composition
• Stellar Evolution in the Early Universe
• A Chandra Study: Are Dwarf Carbon Stars Spun Up and Rejuvenated by Mass Transfer?
• The formation of the first galaxies and the transition to low-mass star formation
• Modelling H${}_2$ and its effects on star formation using a joint implementation of GADGET-3 and KROME
• Contribution of the first galaxies to the cosmic far-infrared/sub-millimeter background - I. Mean background level
• Stellar Evolution at Low Metallicity
• Condition for dust evacuation from the first galaxies
• Potential contributions of Pop III and intermediate-mass Pop II stars to cosmic chemical enrichment
• A Cosmic Milestone: Constraints from Metal-Poor Halo Stars on the Cosmological Reionization Epoch
• Formation of the First Galaxies: Theory and Simulations
• The effects of convection criteria on the evolution of population III stars and the detectability of their supernovae
• The near-infrared radiation background, gravitational wave background and star formation rate of Pop III and Pop II during cosmic reionization
• Detection of Tidal Disruption Events around Direct Collapse Black Holes at High Redshifts with the James Webb Space Telescope
• Negative feedback effects on star formation history and cosmic reionization
• A second-generation star in a relic dwarf galaxy
• Metal Enrichment of the Intergalactic Medium and Production of Massive Black Holes
• The star formation history inferred from long gamma-ray bursts with high pseudo-redshifts
• Gravitational collapse at low to moderate Mach numbers: The relationship between star formation efficiency and the fraction of mass in the massive object
• Condition for low-mass star formation in shock-compressed metal-poor clouds
• Detecting the Transition From Pop III to Pop II Stars
• Slow Cooling in Low Metallicity Clouds: An Origin of Globular Cluster Bimodality?
• Exploring the Universe with Metal-Poor Stars
• A first look at quasar-galaxy clustering at $z\simeq 7.3$
• First Stars. II. Evolution with mass loss
• On the Habitability of Our Universe
• The First Stars
• Footprints of the weak s-process in the carbon-enhanced metal-poor star ET0097
• Massive star clusters detected by JWST as natural birth places to form intermediate-mass black holes
• Why are so many primitive stars observed in the Galaxy halo?
• The Relic Neutrino Backround from the First Stars
• Formation of Stellar Clusters and the Importance of Thermodynamics for Fragmentation
• Early Cosmic Chemical Evolution: Relating the Origin of a Diffuse Intergalactic Medium and the First Long-Lived Stars