Condition for dust evacuation from the first galaxies

Abstract

Dust enables low-mass stars to form from low-metallicity gas by inducing fragmentation of clouds via the cooling by its thermal emission. Dust may, however, be evacuated from star-forming clouds due to radiation force from massive stars. We here study the condition for the dust evacuation by comparing the dust evacuation time with the time of cloud destruction due to either expansion of HII regions or supernovae. The cloud destruction time has weak dependence on the cloud radius, while the dust evacuation time becomes shorter for a cloud with the smaller radius. The dust evacuation thus occurs in compact star-forming clouds whose column density is $N_{\mathrm{H}}\simeq 10^{24}-10^{26}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{-2}$. The critical halo mass above which the dust evacuation occurs becomes lower for higher formation redshift, e.g., $\sim 10^9{M}_{\odot }$ at redshift $z\sim 3$ and $\sim 10^7{M}_{\odot }$ at $z\sim 9$. In addition, metallicity of the gas should be less than $\sim 10^{-2}{Z}_{\odot }$. Otherwise the dust attenuation reduces the radiation force significantly. From the dust-evacuated gas, massive stars are likely to form even with metallicity above $\sim 10^{-5}{Z}_{\odot }$, the critical value for low-mass star formation due to the dust cooling. This can explain the dearth of ultra-metal poor stars with the metallicity lower than $\sim 10^{-4}{Z}_{\odot }$.

arXiv comment16 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (53)

• Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters
• On the variation of the Initial Mass Function
• Baryonic Features in the Matter Transfer Function
• The Formation of Galactic Disks
• In the Beginning: The First Sources of Light and the Reionization of the Universe
• A Unified Representation of Gas-Phase Element Depletions in the Interstellar Medium
• Power Spectra for Cold Dark Matter and its Variants
• On the properties of massive Population III stars and metal-free stellar populations
• The Galactic disk mass function: reconciliation of the HST and nearby determinations
• Gas-to-Dust mass ratios in local galaxies over a 2 dex metallicity range
• PARSEC evolutionary tracks of massive stars up to $350M_{\odot }$ at metallicities 0.0001$\le Z\le$0.04
• One Hundred First Stars : Protostellar Evolution and the Final Masses
• Dust Formation in Primordial Type II Supernovae
• Near-Field Cosmology with Metal-Poor Stars
• Photoelectric Emission from Interstellar Dust: Grain Charging and Gas Heating
• Thermal and Fragmentation Properties of Star-forming Clouds in Low-metallicity Environments
• First stars, very massive black holes and metals
• Early Star Formation and the Evolution of the Stellar Initial Mass Function in Galaxies
• The Formation of the First Low-Mass Stars From Gas With Low Carbon and Oxygen Abundances
• Scattering by Interstellar Dust Grains. II. X-Rays
• Dust Formation and Survival in Supernova Ejecta
• Protostellar Feedback Halts the Growth of the First Stars in the Universe
• Second-Generation Objects in the Universe: Radiative Cooling and Collapse of Halos with Virial Temperatures Above 10^4 Kelvin
• Primordial Star Formation under the Influence of Far Ultraviolet Radiation: 1540 Cosmological Halos and the Stellar Mass Distribution
• Protostellar Collapse with Various Metallicities
• The Mass Spectrum of the First Stars
• Gravitational fragmentation in turbulent primordial gas and the initial mass function of Population III stars
• Cosmic Rays from the Knee to the Highest Energies
• Evolution of Dust in Primordial Supernova Remnants: Can Dust Grains Formed in the Ejecta Survive and be Injected into the Early Interstellar Medium?
• Dense Gas and Star Formation: Characteristics of Cloud Cores Associated with Water Masers
• The Evolution of Dust in the Early Universe with Applications to the Galaxy SDSS J1148+5251
• Building up the Population III initial mass function from cosmological initial conditions
• Dust Formation In Early Galaxies
• Low-Mass Relics of Early Star Formation
• HE1327-2326, an unevolved star with [Fe/H]<-5.0. I. A Comprehensive Abundance Analysis
• On Radiation Pressure in Static, Dusty HII Regions
• Formation of Massive Primordial Stars: Intermittent UV Feedback with Episodic Mass Accretion
• Observational Constraints on First-Star Nucleosynthesis. I. Evidence for Multiple Progenitors of CEMP-no Stars
• High-Resolution Spectroscopy of Extremely Metal-Poor Stars from SDSS/SEGUE: I. Atmospheric Parameters and Chemical Compositions
• What determines the grain size distribution in galaxies?
• Critical Metallicity and Fine-Structure Emission of Primordial Gas Enriched by the First Stars
• The Small-Scale Dynamo and Non-Ideal MHD in Primordial Star Formation
• The Origin of Carbon-Enhancement and Initial Mass Function of Extremely Metal-Poor Stars in the Galactic Halo
• The first low-mass stars: critical metallicity or dust-to-gas ratio?
• Radiative feedback from an early X-ray background
• Conditions for the Formation of First-Star Binaries
• Dust dynamics and evolution in expanding HII regions. I. Radiative drift of neutral and charged grains
• Impact of Cosmic Rays on Population III Star Formation
• Dust dynamics and evolution in HII regions - II. Effects of dynamical coupling between dust and gas
• The chemical signature of surviving Population III stars in the Milky Way
• Upper stellar mass limit by radiative feedback at low-metallicities: metallicity and accretion rate dependence
• The effect of radiation pressure on spatial distribution of dust inside HII regions
• Amplification of Magnetic Fields in a Primordial HII Region and Supernova

Cited by in corpus (5)

• Fuzzy Dark Matter at Cosmic Dawn: New 21-cm Constraints
• Lyman-$\alpha$ feedback prevails at Cosmic Dawn: Implications for the first galaxies, stars, and star clusters
• Radiation-pressure-driven dust transport to galaxy halos at $z\sim 10$
• Photoevaporation of Minihalos during Cosmic Reionization: Primordial and Metal-Enriched Halos
• Gravitational Fragmentation of Extremely Metal-poor Circumstellar Discs