Near-Field Cosmology with Metal-Poor Stars

Abstract

The oldest, most metal-poor stars in the Galactic halo and satellite dwarf galaxies present an opportunity to explore the chemical and physical conditions of the earliest star forming environments in the Universe. We review the fields of stellar archaeology and dwarf galaxy archaeology by examining the chemical abundance measurements of various elements in extremely metal-poor stars. Focus on the carbon-rich and carbon-normal halo star populations illustrates how these provide insight into the Population III star progenitors responsible for the first metal enrichment events. We extend the discussion to near-field cosmology, which is concerned with the formation of the first stars and galaxies and how metal-poor stars can be used to constrain these processes. Complementary abundance measurements in high-redshift gas clouds further help to establish the early chemical evolution of the Universe. The data appear consistent with the existence of two distinct channels of star formation at the earliest times.

126 pages, 12 figures, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ARA&A), in press

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• A Carbon-enhanced Lyman Limit System: Signature of the First Generation of Stars?
• The age of the Methuselah star in light of stellar evolution models with tailored abundances
• Resolved Stellar Populations as Tracers of Outskirts
• Potential contributions of Pop III and intermediate-mass Pop II stars to cosmic chemical enrichment
• Mapping the Distant and Metal-Poor Milky Way with SDSS-V
• A Modified Initial Mass Function of the First Stars with Explodability Theory under Different Enrichment Scenarios
• Discovery of a pair of very metal-poor stars enriched in neutron-capture elements: The proto-disk r-II star BPS CS 29529-0089 and the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus r-I star TYC 9219-2422-1
• Nucleosynthesis in early rotating massive stars and chemical composition of CEMP stars
• Massive stars, successes and challenges
• A chemodynamical analysis of bright metal-poor stars from the HESP-GOMPA survey -- Indications of a non-prevailing site for light r-process elements
• Condition for dust evacuation from the first galaxies
• The oldest stars with low neutron-capture element abundances and origins in ancient dwarf galaxies
• Weighing stars from birth to death: mass determination methods across the HRD
• A Catalog of 12,766 Carbon-enhanced Metal-poor Stars from LAMOST Data Release 8
• The Pristine Survey -- XXVII. Journey to the Galactic outskirts -- Mapping the outer halo red giant stars down to the very metal-poor end
• Abundance Pattern Fitting with Bayesian Inference: Constraining First Stars' Properties and Their Explosion Mechanism with Extremely Metal-poor Stars
• A survey of extremely metal-poor gas at cosmic noon: evidence of elevated [O/Fe]
• Effects of chemically homogeneous evolution of the first stars on the 21-cm signal and reionization
• CEMPlifying reionization
• Lessons on early structure formation from a mature galaxy cluster observed at cosmic noon
• The Dawn of Black Holes
• M3DIS -- A grid of 3D radiation-hydrodynamics stellar atmosphere models for stellar surveys. II. Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars
• Building Blocks of the Milky Way's Accreted Spheroid
• An extremely metal-poor Lyman $\alpha$ emitter candidate at $z=6$ revealed through absorption spectroscopy
• Revisiting the iron abundance in the hyper iron-poor star HE 1327-2326 with UV COS/$HST$ data
• Fuzzy Cluster Analysis: Application to Determining Metallicities for Very Metal-poor Stars
• A second-generation star in a relic dwarf galaxy
• Understanding Stellar Mass-Metallicity and Size Relations in Simulated Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies
• Cosmological insights into the early accretion of r-process-enhanced stars II. Dynamical identification of lost members of Reticulum II
• Fluorine abundances in CEMP stars at the lowest metallicity: Hints on the nature of the first stars
• A slow spin to win -- the gradual evolution of the proto-Galaxy to the old disc
• Recent Advances in Understanding R-Process Nucleosynthesis in Metal-Poor Stars and Stellar Systems
• Condition for low-mass star formation in shock-compressed metal-poor clouds
• Chemical abundances of field halo stars -- Implications for the building blocks of the Milky Way
• Milky Way's Metal-Poor Stars display Chemical Transition near the Solar Radius
• Star Formation for Predictive Primordial Galaxy Formation
• Using Binary Population Synthesis to Calculate the Yields of Low- and Intermediate-Mass Binary Populations at Low Metallicity
• Radiation magnetohydrodynamics simulations of Population III star formation during the Epoch of Reionization
• 3D non-LTE Ca II line formation in metal-poor FGK stars. I. Abundance corrections, radial velocity corrections, and synthetic spectra
• Searching for Low-mass Population III Stars Disguised as White Dwarfs
• H-He Shell Interactions and Nucleosynthesis in Massive Population III Stars
• HE0144-4657: A Carbon-Enhanced Ultra Metal-Poor Star ([Fe/H] ~ -4.1) from the Helmi Stream Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy
• On the Habitability of Our Universe
• When did the initial mass function become bottom-heavy?
• The first stars
• Chemodynamics of BoötesI with $S^5$: Revised Velocity Gradient, Dark Matter Density, and Galactic Chemical Evolution Constraints
• HR-GO II: chemical abundances of low-$E$ retrograde dynamically-tagged-groups: Revealing Thamnos as a very metal-poor substructure
• SDSSJ0018-0939: A Clear Signature of Sub-Chandrasekhar Mass Type 1a Supernova
• The s-Process Nucleosynthesis in Extremely Metal-Poor Stars as the Generating Mechanism of Carbon Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars
• FRIB and the GW170817 Kilonova
• Effect of the cosmological transition to metal-enriched star-formation on the hydrogen 21-cm signal
• Dwarf Galaxy Number Counts within 25 Mpc: Predictions from Local Group Analogues in TNG50
• The DORCHA suite: nature, nurture, and the phase space distribution of the Milky Way's high redshift progenitors today
• Neutron-Capture Element Abundances in Planetary Nebulae
• Quantifying Element Importance for Mass Recovery from Population III Supernova Yield Fits
• The GALAH Survey: A New Sample of Extremely Metal-Poor Stars Using A Machine Learning Classification Algorithm
• Towards model-free stellar chemical abundances. Potential applications in the search for chemically peculiar stars in large spectroscopic surveys
• Chemo-dynamical abundance analysis of the very metal-poor halo star HE 2315-4240
• Top-heavy stellar mass distribution in galactic nuclei inferred from the universally high abundance ratio of [Fe/Mg]
• From Dark Matter Minihalos to Large-Scale Radiative Feedback: A Self-Consistent 3D Simulation of the First Stars and Galaxies using Neural Networks
• A Main Sequence CH-star in the globular cluster M55 (NGC 6809)
• The early gaseous and stellar mass assembly of Milky Way-type galaxy halos
• Near-Field Cosmology with the Lowest-Mass Galaxies
• Studying The Effect of Radiation Pressure on Evolution of a Population III Stellar Cluster