Kinematics of Metal-Poor Stars in the Galaxy. III. Formation of the Stellar Halo and Thick Disk as Revealed from a Large Sample of Non-Kinematically Selected Stars

Abstract

(Abbreviated) We present a detailed analysis of the space motions of 1203 solar-neighborhood stars with metal abundances [Fe/H] <= -0.6, on the basis of a recently revised and supplemented catalog of metal-poor stars selected without kinematic bias (Beers et al. 2000). This sample, having available proper motions, radial velocities, and distance estimates for stars with a wide range of metal abundances, is by far the largest such catalog to be assembled to date. Unlike essentially all previous kinematically selected catalogs, the metal-poor stars in our sample exhibit a diverse distribution of orbital eccentricities, e, with no apparent correlation between [Fe/H] and e. This demonstrates, clearly and convincingly, that the evidence offered by Eggen, Lynden-Bell, and Sandage (1962) for a rapid collapse of the Galaxy, an apparent correlation between the orbital eccentricity of halo stars with metallicity, is basically the result of their proper-motion selection bias. However, even in our non-kinematically selected sample, we have identified a small concentration of high-e stars at [Fe/H] = -1.7, which may originate, in part, from infalling gas during the early formation of the Galaxy. The implications of our results for the formation of the Galaxy are also discussed, in particular in the context of the currently favored CDM theory of hierarchical galaxy formation.

51 pages, including 17 figures, to appear in AJ (June 2000), full paper with all figures embedded available at http://pluto.mtk.nao.ac.jp/people/chiba/preprint/halo5/

References in corpus (4)

• Debris streams in the solar neighbourhood as relicts from the formation of the Milky Way
• Galactic Globular Cluster Relative Ages
• Kinematics of Metal-Poor Stars in the Galaxy. II. Proper Motions for a Large Non-Kinematically Selected Sample
• Abundances of metal-weak thick-disc candidates

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• The Century Survey Galactic Halo Project II: Global Properties and the Luminosity Function of Field Blue Horizontal Branch Stars
• Exploring Halo Substructure with Giant Stars III: First Results from the Grid Giant Star Survey and Discovery of a Possible Nearby Sagittarius Tidal Structure in Virgo
• The stellar content of the Hamburg/ESO survey. III. Field horizontal-branch stars in the Galaxy
• Trigonometric parallaxes of high velocity halo white dwarf candidates
• Probing the Galactic halo with RR Lyrae stars $-$ III. The chemical and kinematic properties of the stellar halo
• RR Lyrae stars: Kinematics, orbits and z-distribution
• The impact of two massive early accretion events in a Milky Way-like galaxy: repercussions for the buildup of the stellar disc and halo
• Exploring the diversity and similarity of radially anisotropic Milky Way-like stellar haloes: implications for disrupted dwarf galaxy searches
• The Dark Energy Survey: Prospects for Resolved Stellar Populations
• The nature of the Milky Way's stellar halo revealed by the three integrals of motion
• The metallicity distribution of F/G dwarfs derived from BATC survey data
• The GECKOS Survey: Identifying kinematic sub-structures in edge-on galaxies
• A Blueprint for the Milky Way's Stellar Populations. III. Spatial Distributions and Population Fractions of Local Halo Stars
• New Signatures of the Milky Way Formation in the Local Halo and Inner Halo Streamers in the Era of Gaia
• Unearthing Foundations of a Cosmic Cathedral: Searching the Stars for M33's Halo
• The substructures in the local stellar halo from Gaia and LAMOST
• Metal-Poor Stars Observed with the Southern African Large Telescope
• The origin of Scorpius X-1
• Stellar halos and elliptical galaxy formation: Origin of dynamical properties of the planetary nebular systems
• Fossil records of cosmic reionization in galactic stellar halos
• Classification of field dwarfs and giants in RAVE and its use in stellar stream detection
• Multiplicity of the Galactic Senior Citizens: A high-resolution search for cool subdwarf companions
• Four-hundred Very Metal-poor Stars Studied with LAMOST and Subaru. III. Dynamically Tagged Groups and Chemodynamical Properties
• The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: Star counts and the Structure of the Galactic Stellar Halo
• Origin of metals in old Milky Way halo stars based on GALAH and Gaia
• The Metallicity Gradient and Complex Formation History of the Outermost Halo of the Milky Way
• Signatures of star streams in the phase space distribution of nearby halo stars
• Metallicity and Kinematics of the Galactic halo from the LAMOST sample stars
• Evidence for Halo Kinematics among Cool Carbon-Rich Dwarfs
• A low upper-limit on the lithium isotope ratio in HD140283
• Kinematics of Nearby Subdwarf Stars
• Age-metallicity dependent stellar kinematics of the Milky Way disc from LAMOST and Gaia
• Faint Blue Objects in the Hubble Deep Field South Revealed: White Dwarfs, Subdwarfs, and Quasars
• Activity and Kinematics of White Dwarf-M Dwarf Binaries from the SUPERBLINK Proper Motion Survey
• On the kinematics of the neutron star low mass X-ray binary Cen X-4
• Mapping the Galactic disk with the LAMOST and Gaia red clump sample: IV: the kinematic signature of the Galactic warp
• Orbits of globular clusters computed with dynamical friction in the Galactic anisotropic velocity dispersion field
• Constraints on the Galactic Inner Halo Assembly History from the Age Gradient of Blue Horizontal-branch Stars
• Substructures, Resonances and debris streams
• Do the nearby BHB stars belong to the Thick Disk or the Halo?
• Tracing the origin of the Aquarius Stream: I
• The G-dwarf problem in the Galaxy
• Orbit Determination of Close Binary Systems using Lucky Imaging
• Cardinal kinematics: I. Rotation fields of the APOGEE Survey
• The contribution of halo red giant mass loss to the high-velocity gas falling onto the Milky Way disk
• On the Chemical and Structural Evolution of the Galactic Disk
• Explaining the chemical trajectories of accreted and in-situ halo stars of the Milky Way
• New ultracool dwarf neighbours within 20pc from Gaia DR2
• The double degenerate LP400-22 revisited
• Constructing the Milky Way Stellar Halo in the Galactic Center by Direct Orbit Integration
• Spectroscopic study of the elusive globular cluster ESO452-SC11 and its surroundings
• The White Dwarf Luminosity Functions from the Pan-STARRS 1 3π Steradian Survey
• Galactic ArchaeoLogIcaL ExcavatiOns (GALILEO) II. t-SNE Portrait of Local Fossil Relics and Structures
• Kinematics of the Galactic Halo from Horizontal Branch stars in the Hamburg/ESO Survey
• Gaia's brightest very metal-poor (VMP) stars. Metallicity catalogue of a thousand VMP stars from Gaia's radial velocity spectrometer spectra
• Dependence of Galactic Halo Kinematics on the Adopted Galactic Potential
• Possible Evidence for Metal Accretion onto the Surfaces of Metal-Poor Main-Sequence Stars
• Reliability of the measured velocity anisotropy of the Milky Way stellar halo
• Exploring the chemodynamics of metal-poor stellar populations
• Disk or Halo white dwarfs? Kinematic analysis of high proper motion surveys
• Kinematics of the Galactic disk from LAMOST Dwarf sample
• Binary white dwarfs in the halo of the Milky Way
• Evidence For Multiple Accretion Events in the $Gaia$-Sausage/Enceladus Structures
• Assembly of the outer Galactic stellar halo in the hierarchical model
• Chemodynamical Analysis of Metal-rich High-eccentricity Stars in the Milky Way's Disk
• A 10,000 star spectroscopic survey of the thick disk-halo interface : Phase-space sub-structure in the thick disk
• The Early Merger that Made the Galaxy's Stellar Halo
• Frequencies, chaos and resonances: a study of orbital parameters of nearby thick disc and halo stars
• Kinematics of Stellar Populations with RAVE Data
• Kinematically Detected Halo Streams
• A high fidelity Milky Way simulation with Kraken, Gaia-Enceladus, and Sequoia analogues: clues to their accretion histories
• Robust Clustering of the Local Milky Way Stellar Kinematic Substructures with Gaia eDR3
• Cosmic Star Formation History from Local Observations and an Outline for Galaxy Formation and Evolution
• The Milky Way Revealed by Variable Stars I: Sample Selection of RR Lyrae stars, and Evidence for the Merger History
• The first comprehensive Milky Way stellar mock catalogue for the Chinese Space Station Telescope Survey Camera
• The Stellar Halo and Tidal Streams of Messier 63
• Metallicity and Kinematic distributions of Red Horizontal-Branch Stars from the SDSS Survey
• Mapping the Asymmetric Thick Disk: III. The Kinematics and Interaction with the Galactic Bar
• Globular Clusters in the Outer Halo of M31
• Two Populations of Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars in the Disk System of the Milky Way
• Kinematics and Velocity Ellipsoid of Halo Red Giants
• The Kepler Smear Campaign: Light curves for 102 Very Bright Stars
• Chronology of our Galaxy from Gaia colour-magnitude diagram fitting (ChronoGal) II. Unveiling the formation and evolution of the kinematically selected Thick and Thin Discs
• Metallicity estimates for A-, F-, and G-type stars from the Edinburgh-Cape blue object survey
• Effect of finite disk-thickness on swing amplification of non-axisymmetric perturbations in a sheared galactic disk
• A maximum volume density estimator generalized over a proper motion-limited sample
• Existence of the Metal-Rich Stellar Halo and High-velocity Thick Disk in the Galaxy
• On the radial metallicity gradient and radial migration effect of the Galactic disk
• Deciphering the Milky Way disc formation time encrypted in the bar chrono-kinematics
• Element abundance analysis of the metal-rich stellar halo and high-velocitythick disk in the galaxy
• High-Resolution Chemical Abundances of the Nyx Stream
• A Very Metal-poor RR Lyrae Star with a Disk Orbit Found in the Solar Neighborhood
• Turn-off of Deuterium Astration in the Recent Star Formation of the Galaxy Disk
• Resolved SPLASH Chemodynamics in Andromeda's PHAT Stellar Halo and Disk: On the Nature of the Inner Halo Along the Major Axis
• The Radial Distribution of Mono-Metallicity Populations in the Galactic Disk as Evidence for Two-Phase Disk Formation
• Discovery of a Possible Early-T Thick-Disk Subdwarf from the AllWISE2 Motion Survey
• New Halo White Dwarf Candidates in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Resolved Stellar Populations as Tracers of Outskirts
• The global structure of the Milky Way's stellar halo based on the orbits of local metal-poor stars
• Not that simple: the metallicity dependence of the wide binary fraction changes with separation and stellar mass
• An extremely wide and very low-mass pair with common proper motion. Is it representative of a nearby halo stream?
• The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. XXVIII. Characterization of the Galactic White Dwarf Population
• Kinematic imprint of clumpy disk formation on halo objects
• First measurement of the triaxiality of the inner dark matter halo of the Milky Way
• Fundamental Tests of White Dwarf Cooling Physics with Wide Binaries
• On the Kinematics of Tidal Debris from Omega Cen's Progenitor Galaxy
• AuriDESI: Mock Catalogues for the DESI Milky Way Survey
• The Pristine Survey -- XXVII. Journey to the Galactic outskirts -- Mapping the outer halo red giant stars down to the very metal-poor end
• Detecting weak beryllium lines with CUBES
• Second Parameter Globulars and Dwarf Spheroidals around the Local Group Massive Galaxies: What Can They Evidence?
• Orbital Eccentricity Distribution of Solar-Neighbour Halo Stars
• Introduction to Tidal Streams
• Fragile Binary Candidates in the SDSS DR8 spectroscopic archive
• Kinematical & Chemical Characteristics of the Thin and Thick Disks
• The Chemodynamical Nature of the Triangulum-Andromeda Overdensity
• Deciphering the Kinematic Substructure of Local Dark Matter with LAMOST K Giants
• Kinematics of Hot Subdwarfs from the Gaia DR2 Catalogue
• Search for the metal-weak thick disk from the LAMOST DR5
• Non-extensive processes associated with heating of the Galactic disc
• Tomography of stellar halos: what does anisotropy in a stellar halo tell us?
• A slow spin to win -- the gradual evolution of the proto-Galaxy to the old disc
• Maximizing Survey Volume for Large-Area Multi-Epoch Surveys with Voronoi Tessellation
• Kinematic Control of the Inertiality of the System of Tycho-2 and UCAC2 Stellar Proper Motions
• Chemical abundances of field halo stars -- Implications for the building blocks of the Milky Way
• A new test for the Galactic formation and evolution -- prediction for the orbital eccentricity distribution of the halo stars
• New Models for a Triaxial Milky Way Spheroid and Effect on the Microlensing Optical Depth to the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Build-up and survival of the disc: From numerical models of galaxy formation to the Milky Way
• Halo Wide Binaries and Moving Clusters as probes of the Dynamical and Merger History of our Galaxy
• Cosmic Ray Production of ${}^6$Li by Structure Formation Shocks in the Early Galaxy
• The visitor from an ancient galaxy: A planetary companion around an old, metal-poor red horizontal branch star
• Probing the spatial and velocity anisotropies in stellar halos from the Aquarius simulations
• Exploring faint white dwarfs and the luminosity function with Subaru HSC and SDSS in Stripe 82
• Towards Understanding the Milky Way's Typicality: Assessing the Chemodynamics of M31's Bulge & Bar, Thick & Thin Discs
• On the origin of high eccentricity halo stars
• Features of the Residual Velocity Ellipsoid of Hot Subdwarfs from the Gaia DR2 Catalog
• EC 22536-5304: a lead-rich and metal-poor long-period binary
• Chemo-dynamical evolution of Globular Cluster Systems
• Demonstration of Plate Analysis, an algorithm for precise relative astrometry
• Oxygen abundance in local disk and bulge: chemical evolution with a strictly universal IMF