Existence of the Metal-Rich Stellar Halo and High-velocity Thick Disk in the Galaxy

Abstract

Based on the second Gaia data release (DR2), combined with the LAMOST and APOGEE spectroscopic surveys, we study the kinematics and metallicity distribution of the high-velocity stars that have a relative speed of at least 220 $\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ with respect to the local standard of rest in the Galaxy. The rotational velocity distribution of the high-velocity stars with [Fe/H] $>-1.0$ dex can be well described by a two-Gaussian model, with peaks at $V_{\varphi }\sim +164.2\pm 0.7$ and $V_{\varphi }\sim +3.0\pm 0.3$ $\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$, associated with the thick disk and halo, respectively. This implies that there should exist a high-velocity thick disk (HVTD) and a metal-rich stellar halo (MRSH) in the Galaxy. The HVTD stars have the same position as the halo in the Toomre diagram and but show the same rotational velocity and metallicity as the canonical thick disk. The MRSH stars have basically the same rotational velocity, orbital eccentricity, and position in the Lindblad and Toomre diagram as the canonical halo stars, but they are more metal-rich. Furthermore, the metallicity distribution function (MDF) of our sample stars are well fitted by a four-Gaussian model, associated with the outer-halo, inner-halo, MRSH, and HVTD, respectively. Chemical and kinematic properties and age imply that the MRSH and HVTD stars may form in situ.

16 pages, 14 figure, Accepted for publication in ApJ

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• Gaia EDR3 in 6D: Searching for unbound stars in the Galaxy
• Probing the Galactic halo with RR Lyrae stars $-$ III. The chemical and kinematic properties of the stellar halo
• Element abundance analysis of the metal-rich stellar halo and high-velocitythick disk in the galaxy
• Joint Survey Processing II: Stellar Proper Motions in the COSMOS Field, from Hubble Space Telescope ACS and Subaru Telescope HSC Observations