Structure and Kinematics of the Stellar Halos and Thick Disks of the Milky Way Based on Calibration Stars from SDSS DR7

Abstract

The structure and kinematics of the recognized stellar components of the Milky Way are explored, based on well-determined atmospheric parameters and kinematic quantities for 32360 calibration stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and its first extension, (SDSS-II), which included the sub-survey SEGUE: Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration. Full space motions for a sub-sample of 16920 stars, exploring a local volume within 4 kpc of the Sun, are used to derive velocity ellipsoids for the inner- and outer-halo components of the Galaxy, as well as for the canonical thick-disk and proposed metal-weak thick-disk populations. We first examine the question of whether the data require the presence of at least a two-component halo in order to account for the rotational behavior of likely halo stars in the local volume, and whether more than two components are needed. We also address the question of whether the proposed metal-weak thick disk is kinematically and chemically distinct from the canonical thick disk. In addition, we consider the fractions of each component required to understand the nature of the observed kinematic behavior of the stellar populations of the Galaxy as a function of distance from the plane. Scale lengths and scale heights for the thick-disk and metal-weak thick-disk components are determined. Spatial density profiles for the inner- and outer-halo populations are inferred from a Jeans Theorem analysis. The full set of calibration stars (including those outside the local volume) is used to test for the expected changes in the observed stellar metallicity distribution function with distance above the Galactic plane in-situ, due to the changing contributions from the underlying stellar populations. [abridged]

Accepted for publication in the ApJ

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• Observing the stellar halo of Andromeda in cosmological simulations: the Auriga2PAndAS pipeline
• Mapping the Asymmetric Thick Disk: III. The Kinematics and Interaction with the Galactic Bar
• Metallicity and Kinematic distributions of Red Horizontal-Branch Stars from the SDSS Survey
• An optimized Method to Identify RR Lyrae stars in the SDSS X Pan-STARRS1 Overlapping Area Using a Bayesian Generative Technique
• Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars in the SDSS-APOGEE database
• A Blueprint for the Milky Way's Stellar Populations. IV. A String of Pearls $-$ the Galactic Starburst Sequence
• Deep SDSS Optical Spectroscopy of Distant Halo Stars. III. Chemical analysis of extremely metal-poor stars
• How well can we unravel the accreted constituents of the Milky Way stellar halo? A test on cosmological hydrodynamical simulations
• Jeans analysis of the Galactic thick disk and the local dark matter density
• Deciphering the Milky Way disc formation time encrypted in the bar chrono-kinematics
• Indications of M-dwarf Deficits in the Halo and Thick Disk of the Galaxy
• Variable Stars and Galactic Structure
• Element abundance analysis of the metal-rich stellar halo and high-velocitythick disk in the galaxy
• KMTNet Nearby Galaxy Survey I. : Optimal strategy for low surface brightness imaging with KMTNet
• L-GALAXIES 2020: The formation and chemical evolution of stellar haloes in Milky Way Analogues and galaxy clusters
• Existence of the Metal-Rich Stellar Halo and High-velocity Thick Disk in the Galaxy
• A Carbon-enhanced Lyman Limit System: Signature of the First Generation of Stars?
• The Effect of the Remnant Mass in Estimating Stellar Mass of Galaxies
• Characterizing the SHARDS of Disrupted Milky Way Satellites with LAMOST
• Where Did the Outskirts Go? Outer Stellar Haloes as a Sensitive Probe of Supernova Feedback
• Two substructures in the nearby stellar halo found in Gaia and RAVE
• Fading Features Found in the Kinematics of the Far-Reaching Milky Way Stellar Halo
• The global structure of the Milky Way's stellar halo based on the orbits of local metal-poor stars
• Future Prospects: Deep Imaging of Galaxy Outskirts using Telescopes Large and Small
• HALO7D III: Chemical Abundances of Milky Way Halo Stars from Medium Resolution Spectra
• Bimodal Distribution of Galactic Disk Stars on the [alpha/Fe]-[Fe/H] Plane as a Possible Evidence of Discontinuous Radial Migration History
• Determining the Scale Length and Height of the Milky Way's Thick Disc Using RR~Lyrae
• A Monte-Carlo Method for Estimating Stellar Photometric Metallicity Distributions
• The Pristine Survey -- XXVII. Journey to the Galactic outskirts -- Mapping the outer halo red giant stars down to the very metal-poor end
• Orbital Eccentricity Distribution of Solar-Neighbour Halo Stars
• Galactic Stellar Populations from Photometric Metallicity Distribution Functions
• A Multiply-Imaged z $\sim$ 6.3 Lyman Alpha Emitter candidate behind Abell 2261
• White dwarfs with hydrogen-deficient atmospheres and the dark matter content of the Galaxy
• Glow in the Dark Matter: Observing galactic halos with scattered light
• Applying machine learning to Galactic Archaeology: how well can we recover the origin of stars in Milky Way-like galaxies?
• Spectroscopy of high proper motion stars in the ground--based UV
• The BHB stars in the Survey Fields of Rodgers et al. (1993): New Observations and Comparisons with other Recent Surveys
• On the Use of Field RR Lyrae as Galactic Probes -- VIII. Early Formation of the Galactic Spheroid
• Open cluster members in APOGEE DR17 I. Dynamics and star members
• Search for the metal-weak thick disk from the LAMOST DR5
• An investigation of planetary nebulae accompanying PG1159 central stars, based on Gaia DR2 measurements
• Redshift and stellar mass dependence of intrinsic shapes of disc-dominated galaxies from COSMOS observations below $z=1.0$
• The CH(G) Index as a New Criterion for Selecting Red Giant Stars
• Partitioning the Galactic Halo with Gaussian Mixture Models
• A new test for the Galactic formation and evolution -- prediction for the orbital eccentricity distribution of the halo stars
• A Hint of Three-section Halo as Seen from the APOGEE DR14
• A Monte-Carlo Method for Making SDSS $u$-Band Magnitude more accurate
• Statistical Properties of Blue Horizontal Branch Stars in the Spheroid: Detection of a Moving Group approximately 50 kpc from the Sun
• Discovery of 34 low-mass comoving systems using NOIRLab Source Catalog DR2
• rrlfe: Software for Generating and Applying Metallicity Calibrations for RR Lyrae Variable Stars Across a Wide Range of Phases and Temperatures
• A Tilt in the Dark Matter Halo of the Galaxy
• The DORCHA suite: nature, nurture, and the phase space distribution of the Milky Way's high redshift progenitors today
• Stellar halos of bright central galaxies II: Scaling relations, colors and metallicity evolution with redshift
• How galaxies form: Mass assembly from chemical abundances in the era of large surveys
• J-PLUS: Searching for very metal-poor star candidates using the SPEEM pipeline
• Characterisation of the Galactic thick disk