Sloan Low-Mass Wide Pairs of Kinematically Equivalent Stars (SLoWPoKES): A Catalog of Very Wide, Low-mass Pairs

Abstract

We present the Sloan Low-mass Wide Pairs of Kinematically Equivalent Stars (SLoWPoKES), a catalog of 1342 very-wide (projected separation >500 AU), low-mass (at least one mid-K--mid-M dwarf component) common proper motion pairs identified from astrometry, photometry, and proper motions in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. A Monte Carlo based Galactic model is constructed to assess the probability of chance alignment for each pair; only pairs with a probability of chance alignment </= 0.05 are included in the catalog. The overall fidelity of the catalog is expected to be 98.35%. The selection algorithm is purposely exclusive to ensure that the resulting catalog is efficient for follow-up studies of low-mass pairs. The SLoWPoKES catalog is the largest sample of wide, low-mass pairs to date and is intended as an ongoing community resource for detailed study of bona fide systems. Here we summarize the general characteristics of the SLoWPoKES sample and present preliminary results describing the properties of wide, low-mass pairs. While the majority of the identified pairs are disk dwarfs, there are 70 halo subdwarf pairs and 21 white dwarf-disk dwarf pairs, as well as four triples. Most SLoWPoKES pairs violate the previously defined empirical limits for maximum angular separation or binding energies. However, they are well within the theoretical limits and should prove very useful in putting firm constraints on the maximum size of binary systems and on different formation scenarios. We find a lower limit to the wide binary frequency for the mid-K-mid-M spectral types that constitute our sample to be 1.1%. This frequency decreases as a function of Galactic height, indicating a time evolution of the wide binary frequency. [See text for full abstract.]

Accepted by AJ. 22 pages, emulateapj.

References in corpus (21)

• The UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS)
• Constraining the Age-Activity Relation for Cool Stars: The SDSS DR5 Low-Mass Star Spectroscopic Sample
• The Milky Way Tomography with SDSS: II. Stellar Metallicity
• The High Angular Resolution Multiplicity of Massive Stars
• Stellar SEDs from 0.3-2.5 Microns: Tracing the Stellar Locus and Searching for Color Outliers in SDSS and 2MASS
• The Stellar Populations of Praesepe and Coma Berenices
• Revised metallicity classes for low-mass stars: dwarfs (dM), subdwarfs (sdM), extreme subdwarfs (esdM), and ultra subdwarfs (usdM)
• Colors and Kinematics of L Dwarfs From the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• New Distant Companions to Known Nearby Stars. II. Faint companions of Hipparcos stars and the frequency of wide binary systems
• Taking the Measure of the Universe: Precision Astrometry with SIM PlanetQuest
• On the Reported Death of the MACHO Era
• The Wide Brown Dwarf Binary Oph 1622-2405 and Discovery of A Wide, Low Mass Binary in Ophiuchus (Oph 1623-2402): A New Class of Young Evaporating Wide Binaries?
• A Surprising Reversal of Temperatures in the Brown-Dwarf Eclipsing Binary 2MASS J05352184-0546085
• Exploring the Local Milky Way: M Dwarfs as Tracers of Galactic Populations
• Discovery of a Wide Substellar Companion to a Nearby Low-Mass Star
• Surprising dissimilarities in a newly formed pair of 'identical twin' stars
• Southern wide very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in resolved binary and multiple systems
• Common Proper Motion Companions to Nearby Stars: Ages and Evolution
• Twenty-three new ultra-cool subdwarfs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Candidate Disk Wide Binaries in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• The stellar correlation function from SDSS - A statistical search for wide binary stars

Cited by in corpus (105)

• The Eleventh and Twelfth Data Releases of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Final Data from SDSS-III
• The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey of SDSS-III
• Stellar Multiplicity
• The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. I. Ultracool Binaries and the L/T Transition
• A million binaries from Gaia eDR3: sample selection and validation of Gaia parallax uncertainties
• KELT-1b: A Strongly Irradiated, Highly Inflated, Short Period, 27 Jupiter-mass Companion Transiting a mid-F Star
• On the angular momentum evolution of fully-convective stars: rotation periods for field M-dwarfs from the MEarth transit survey
• Wide companions to Hipparcos stars within 67 pc of the Sun
• Low-Mass Tertiary Companions to Spectroscopic Binaries I: Common Proper Motion Survey for Wide Companions using 2MASS
• The Solar Neighborhood XLV. The Stellar Multiplicity Rate of M Dwarfs Within 25 pc
• Formation of the Widest Binaries from Dynamical Unfolding of Triple Systems
• Prospecting in late-type dwarfs: a calibration of infrared and visible spectroscopic metallicities of late-K and M dwarfs spanning 1.5 dex
• CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. I. Low-resolution spectroscopy with CAFOS
• Kepler Eclipsing Binary Stars. IV. Precise Eclipse Times for Close Binaries and Identification of Candidate Three-Body Systems
• 2MASSJ035523.51+113337.4: A Young, Dusty, Nearby, Isolated Brown Dwarf Resembling A Giant Exoplanet
• Imprints of white dwarf recoil in the separation distribution of Gaia wide binaries
• Discovery of a wide planetary-mass companion to the young M3 star GU Psc
• Photometry and Proper Motions of M, L, and T Dwarfs from the Pan-STARRS1 3$\pi$ Survey
• Seventy six T dwarfs from the UKIDSS LAS: benchmarks, kinematics and an updated space density
• Discovery of an equal-mass "twin" binary population reaching 1000+ AU separations
• Wide Binaries in Tycho-{\it Gaia}: Search Method and the Distribution of Orbital Separations
• Nonlocal metric formulations of MOND with sufficient lensing
• The Separation Distribution of Ultra-Wide Binaries across Galactic Populations
• Wide, Cool and Ultracool Companions to Nearby Stars from Pan-STARRS1
• Where are all the Sirius-Like Binary Systems?
• Wide binaries as a critical test of Classical Gravity
• Multiple Star Formation to the Bottom of the IMF
• Calibrating the metallicity of M dwarfs in wide physical binaries with F-, G-, and K- primaries - I: High-resolution spectroscopy with HERMES: stellar parameters, abundances, and kinematics
• A Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Survey of 886 Nearby M Dwarfs
• The SUPERWIDE Catalog: A Catalog of 99,203 Wide Binaries Found in Gaia and Supplemented by the SUPERBLINK High Proper Motion Catalog
• A catalog of wide binary and multiple systems of bright stars from Gaia-DR2 and the Virtual Observatory
• Wide binaries are rare in open clusters
• The Effects of Close Companions (and Rotation) on the Magnetic Activity of M Dwarfs
• Testing Modified Gravity with Wide Binaries in GAIA DR2
• Very Wide Binary Stars as the Primary Source of Stellar Collisions in the Galaxy
• The High-Order-Multiplicity of Unusually Wide M-dwarf Binaries: Eleven New Triple and Quadruple Systems
• Three New Eclipsing White-dwarf - M-dwarf Binaries Discovered in a Search for Transiting Planets Around M-dwarfs
• The Gaia Ultra-Cool Dwarf Sample -- II: Structure at the end of the main sequence
• Refined Metallicity Indices for M Dwarfs Using the SLoWPoKES Catalog of Wide, Low-mass Binaries
• KELT-10b: The First Transiting Exoplanet from the KELT-South Survey -- A Hot Sub-Jupiter Transiting a V = 10.7 Early G-Star
• Constraints on the Initial-Final Mass Relation from Wide Double White Dwarfs
• Discovery of a Very Low Mass Triple with Late-M and T Dwarf Components: LP 704-48/SDSS J0006-0852AB
• New and Known Moving Groups And Clusters Identified in a Gaia Co-Moving Catalog
• Towards precise ages for single stars in the field. Gyrochronology constraints at several Gyr using wide binaries. I. Ages for initial sample
• BANYAN. VI. Discovery of a companion at the brown dwarf/planet-mass limit to a Tucana-Horologium M dwarf
• Identification of a Wide, Low-Mass Multiple System Containing the Brown Dwarf 2MASS J0850359+105716
• Orbital Monitoring of the AstraLux Large M-dwarf Multiplicity Sample
• Astrometric Accelerations as Dynamical Beacons: Discovery and Characterization of HIP 21152 B, the First T-Dwarf Companion in the Hyades
• The Pan-STARRS1 Proper-motion Survey for Young Brown Dwarfs in Nearby Star-forming Regions. I. Taurus Discoveries and a Reddening-free Classification Method for Ultracool Dwarfs
• A Pan-STARRS1 study of the relationship between wide binarity and planet occurrence in the Kepler field
• Robo-AO M Dwarf Multiplicity Survey: Catalog
• Testing Modified Gravity Theories via Wide Binaries and GAIA
• Fundamental Properties of Co-Moving Stars observed by $Gaia$
• A Search for L/T Transition Dwarfs With Pan-STARRS1 and WISE. III. Young L Dwarf Discoveries and Proper Motion Catalogs in Taurus and Scorpius-Centaurus
• Examining the relationships between colour, $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$, and [M/H] for APOGEE K and M dwarfs
• Lucky Imaging of transiting planet host stars with LuckyCam
• Gaia Assorted Mass Binaries Long Excluded from SLoWPoKES (GAMBLES): Identifying Ultra-Wide Binary Pairs with Components of Diverse Mass
• Mapping the Local Halo: Statistical Parallax Analysis of SDSS Low-Mass Subdwarfs
• SLoWPoKES-II: 100,000 Wide Binaries Identified in SDSS without Proper Motions
• M-Dwarf Fast Rotators and the Detection of Relatively Young Multiple M-Star Systems
• The geometric challenge of testing gravity with wide binaries
• Hunting The Most Distant Stars in the Milky Way: Methods and Initial Results
• Searching for Binary Y dwarfs with the Gemini Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics System (GeMS)
• Discovery of Two Very Wide Binaries with Ultracool Companions and a New Brown Dwarf at the L/T Transition
• The dynamical evolution of low-mass hydrogen-burning stars, brown dwarfs and planetary-mass objects formed through disc fragmentation
• Resolved Spectroscopy of M Dwarf/L Dwarf Binaries. IV. Discovery of an M9 + L6 BInary Separated by Over 100 AU
• On the Identification of Wide Binaries in the Kepler Field
• Dancing with the Stars: Formation of the Fomalhaut triple system and its effect on the debris disks
• PSYM-WIDE: a survey for large-separation planetary-mass companions to late spectral type members of young moving groups
• The Late-Type Extension to MoVeRS (LaTE-MoVeRS): Proper motion verified low-mass stars and brown dwarfs from SDSS, 2MASS, and WISE
• Discovery And Characterization of Wide Binary Systems With a Very Low Mass Component
• The GALAH survey: Co-orbiting stars and chemical tagging
• Motion Verified Red Stars (MoVeRS): A Catalog of Proper Motion Selected Low-mass Stars from WISE, SDSS, and 2MASS
• Ultracool dwarf benchmarks with \emph{Gaia} primaries
• Ultracool Dwarfs in deep extragalactic surveys using the Virtual Observatory: ALHAMBRA and COSMOS
• Discovery of wide low and very low-mass binary systems using Virtual Observatory tools
• 49 new T dwarfs identified using methane imaging
• Search for bright nearby M dwarfs with Virtual Observatory tools
• The $\text{Gaia}$ Ultra-Cool Dwarf Sample $-$ III: Seven new multiple systems containing at least one $\text{Gaia}$ DR2 ultra-cool dwarf
• M-dwarf binaries as tracers of star and brown dwarf formation
• Target Selection for the SDSS-III MARVELS Survey
• Wide companions to M and L subdwarfs with Gaia and the Virtual Observatory
• Reaching the boundary between stellar kinematic groups and very wide binaries. IV. The widest Washington double star systems with rho > 1000 arcsec in Gaia DR3
• CWISE J014611.20-050850.0AB: The Widest Known Brown Dwarf Binary in the Field
• Collisions of Terrestrial Worlds: The Occurrence of Extreme Mid-Infrared Excesses around Low-Mass Field Stars
• H$\alpha$ Emission From Active Equal-mass, Wide M Dwarf Binaries
• Common Proper Motion Wide White Dwarf Binaries Selected From The Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• 2MASS J11151597+1937266: A Young, Dusty, Isolated, Planetary-Mass Object with a Potential Wide Stellar Companion
• Vetting the Lobster Diagram: Searching for Unseen Companions in Wide Binaries using NASA Space Exoplanet Missions
• J-PLUS: Discovery and characterisation of ultracool dwarfs using Virtual Observatory tools
• The SLoWPoKES Catalog of Low-mass Ultra-wide Binaries: A Cool Stars Resource for Testing Fundamental Properties and for Constraining Binary Formation Theory
• Gravitational anomalies signaling the breakdown of classical gravity
• Wide sigma Orionis binaries resolved by UKIDSS
• Galactic Effects on Habitability
• Fragile Binary Candidates in the SDSS DR8 spectroscopic archive
• Wide binaries as a critical test for Gravity theories
• A high stellar multiplicity rate amongst TESS planet candidates in the Neptunian desert using Gaia DR3 astrometry
• One is the loneliest number: multiplicity in cool dwarfs
• Detection and characterisation of two VLM binaries: LP 1033-31 and LP 877-72
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR7 Spectroscopic M Dwarf Catalog II: Statistical Parallax Analysis
• Filtergraph: An Interactive Web Application for Visualization of Astronomy Datasets
• Ross 19B: An Extremely Cold Companion Discovered via the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project
• Blending from binarity in microlensing searches toward the Large Magellanic Cloud
• The kinematics of very low mass dwarfs: splinter session summary
• A Gyrochronology and Microvariability Survey of the Milky Way's Older Stars Using Kepler's Two-Wheels Program