Observational Constraints on the Formation and Evolution of Binary Stars

Abstract

We present a high spatial resolution UV to NIR survey of 44 young binary stars in Taurus with separations of 10-1000 AU. The primary results include: (1) The relative ages of binary star components are more similar than the relative ages of randomly paired single stars, supporting coeval formation. (2) Only one of the companion masses is substellar, and hence the apparent overabundance of T Tauri star companions relative to main-sequence star companions can not be explained by a wealth of substellar secondaries that would have been missed in main-sequence surveys. (3) Roughly 10% of T Tauri binary star components have very red NIR colors (K-L > 1.4) and unusually high mass accretion rates. This phenomenon does not appear to be restricted to binary systems, however, since a comparable fraction of single T Tauri stars exhibit the same properties. (4) Although the disk lifetimes of single stars are roughly equal to their stellar ages, the disk lifetimes of binary stars are an order of magnitude less than their ages. (5) The accretion rates for both single and binary T Tauri stars appear to be moderately mass dependent. (6) Although most classical T Tauri star binaries retain both a circumprimary and a circumsecondary disk, there are several systems with only a circumprimary disk. Together with the relative accretion rates, this suggests that circumprimary disks survive longer, on average, than circumsecondary disks. (7) The disk lifetimes, mass ratios, and relative accretion signatures of the closest binaries (10-100 AU) suggest that they are being replenished from a circumbinary reservoir with low angular momentum. Overall, these results support fragmentation as the dominant binary star formation mechanism.

67 pages including 11 figures, LaTeX2e, accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (2)

• Non-axisymmetric accretion on the classical TTS RW Aur A
• Orbital motion in T Tauri binary systems

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• Herschel GASPS spectral observations of T Tauri stars in Taurus: unraveling far-infrared line emission from jets and discs
• Study of infrared excess from circumstellar disks in binaries with Spitzer/IRAC
• High-Resolution Near-Infrared Polarimetry and Sub-Millimeter Imaging of FS Tau A: Possible Streamers in Misaligned Circumbinary Disk System
• Variable Accretion Processes in the Young Binary-Star System UY Aur
• Spatially-resolved Chandra Imaging Spectroscopy of the classical/weak-lined T Tauri system V710 Tau
• The jet and circumstellar environment of the young binary DF Tau
• The analysis of magnetic field measurements of T Tau
• Using Gravity as an Age Indicator for Young Stars
• Non coeval young multiple systems? On the pairing of protostars and T Tauri stars
• The SPHERE view of multiple star formation
• Catalogs of Wide Binaries and their Impact on Galactic Astronomy
• Tidal star-planet interaction and its observed impact on stellar activity in planet-hosting wide binary systems
• Protoplanetary Disk Evolution: Singles vs. Binaries