Herschel/PACS Survey of protoplanetary disks in Taurus/Auriga -- Observations of [OI] and [CII], and far infrared continuum

Abstract

The Herschel Space Observatory was used to observe ~ 120 pre-main-sequence stars in Taurus as part of the GASPS Open Time Key project. PACS was used to measure the continuum as well as several gas tracers such as [OI] 63 μm, [OI] 145 μm, [CII] 158 μm, OH, H2O and CO. The strongest line seen is [OI] at 63 μm. We find a clear correlation between the strength of the [OI] 63 μm line and the 63 μm continuum for disk sources. In outflow sources, the line emission can be up to 20 times stronger than in disk sources, suggesting that the line emission is dominated by the outflow. The tight correlation seen for disk sources suggests that the emission arises from the inner disk ($<$ 50 AU) and lower surface layers of the disk where the gas and dust are coupled. The [OI] 63 μm is fainter in transitional stars than in normal Class II disks. Simple SED models indicate that the dust responsible for the continuum emission is colder in these disks, leading to weaker line emission. [CII] 158 μm emission is only detected in strong outflow sources. The observed line ratios of [OI] 63 μm to [OI] 145 μm are in the regime where we are insensitive to the gas-to-dust ratio, neither can we discriminate between shock or PDR emission. We detect no Class III object in [OI] 63 μm and only three in continuum, at least one of which is a candidate debris disk.

84 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables. Accepted by ApJ

References in corpus (20)

• Monte Carlo radiative transfer in protoplanetary disks
• Structure and evolution of pre-main sequence circumstellar disks
• Magnetospheric accretion-ejection processes in the classical T Tauri star AA
• A Spitzer view of protoplanetary disks in the gamma Velorum cluster
• Probing T Tauri Accretion and Outflow with 1 Micron Spectroscopy
• Demographics of Transition Objects
• The Disk Around CoKu Tau/4: Circumbinary, not Transitional
• LkH$\alpha$ 330: Evidence for dust clearing through resolved submillimeter imaging
• Line Emission from Gas in Optically Thick Dust Disks around Young Stars
• GASPS - a Herschel survey of gas and dust in Protoplanetary Disks: Summary and Initial Statistics
• Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of Disks around Classical T Tauri Stars
• Water vapor in the protoplanetary disk of DG Tau
• GASPS observations of Herbig Ae/Be stars with PACS/Herschel. The atomic and molecular content of their protoplanetary discs
• Atomic Diagnostics of X-ray Irradiated Protoplanetary Disks
• Interacting coronae of two T Tauri stars: first observational evidence for solar-like helmet streamers
• Water in star forming regions with Herschel (WISH) III. Far-infrared cooling lines in low-mass young stellar objects
• Herschel/PACS observations of young sources in Taurus: the far-infrared counterpart of optical jets
• The Herschel DIGIT Survey of Weak-line T Tauri Stars: implications for disk evolution and dissipation
• FUV and X-ray irradiated protoplanetary disks: a grid of models I. The disk structure
• Multiwavelength studies of the gas and dust disc of IRAS 04158+2805

Cited by in corpus (57)

• Consistent dust and gas models for protoplanetary disks. I. Disk shape, dust settling, opacities, and PAHs
• Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) I: Program Overview and Highlights
• Mass measurements in protoplanetary disks from hydrogen deuteride
• A New Look at T Tauri Star Forbidden Lines: MHD Driven Winds from the Inner Disk
• Review: Far-Infrared Instrumentation and Technology Development for the Next Decade
• A WISE Survey of Circumstellar Disks in Taurus
• Outflows, infall and evolution of a sample of embedded low-mass protostars. The William Herschel Line Legacy (WILL) survey
• Volatile depletion in the TW Hydrae disk atmosphere
• Far-infrared to millimeter data of protoplanetary disks: dust growth in the Taurus, Ophiuchus, and Chamaeleon I star-forming regions
• The SEEDS High Contrast Imaging Survey of Exoplanets around Young Stellar Objects
• An ALMA Disk Mass for the Candidate Protoplanetary Companion to FW Tau
• Protoplanetary Disk Masses from Radiative Transfer Modeling: A Case Study in Taurus
• Probing the Final Stages of Protoplanetary Disk Evolution with ALMA
• The hybrid disks: a search and study to better understand evolution of disks
• Detections of trans-Neptunian ice in protoplanetary disks
• The Mass Accretion Rate and Stellar Properties in Class I Protostars
• Evidence of a past disc-disc encounter: HV and DO Tau
• New measurements on water ice photodesorption and product formation under ultraviolet irradiation
• Observations and modelling of CO and [CI] in disks. First detections of [CI] and constraints on the carbon abundance
• Herschel evidence for disk flattening or gas depletion in transitional disks
• A Herschel view of protoplanetary disks in the $\sigma$ Ori cluster
• Hints for Small Disks around Very Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs
• Resolved Multifrequency Radio Observations of GG Tau
• Consistent dust and gas models for protoplanetary disks IV. A panchromatic view of protoplanetary disks
• The Taurus Boundary of Stellar/Substellar (TBOSS) Survey I: far-IR disk emission measured with Herschel
• Herschel-PACS observations of far-IR lines in YSOs I: [OI] and H2O at 63 microns
• MINDS. A multi-instrument investigation into the molecule-rich JWST-MIRI spectrum of the DF Tau binary system
• A ringed pole-on outflow from DO Tauri revealed by ALMA
• Brown dwarf disks with Herschel: Linking far-infrared and (sub)-mm fluxes
• Signatures of warm carbon monoxide in protoplanetary discs observed with Herschel SPIRE
• Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): A Panchromatic View of DO Tau's Complex Kilo-au Environment
• DZ Cha: a bona fide photoevaporating disc
• The Herschel/PACS view of the Cep OB2 region: Global protoplanetary disk evolution and clumpy star formation
• Launching the asymmetric bipolar jet of DO Tau
• The inner disk of RY Tau: evidence of stellar occultation by the disk atmosphere at the sublimation rim from K-band continuum interferometry
• A major asymmetric ice trap in a planet-forming disk IV. Nitric oxide gas and a lack of CN tracing sublimating ices and a C/O ratio $<1$
• The protoplanetary disk of FT Tauri: multi-wavelength data analysis and modeling
• Chemical composition of the circumstellar disk around AB Aurigae
• Herschel Observations of Protoplanetary Disks in Lynds 1641
• H${}_2$S observations in young stellar disks in Taurus
• [OI] disk emission in the Taurus star forming region
• Running with the Bulls: The frequency of star-disc encounters in the Taurus star forming region
• Constraints to the magnetospheric properties of T Tauri stars. I. The C II], Fe II] and Si II] ultraviolet features
• A Combined Spitzer and Herschel Infrared Study of Gas and Dust in the Circumbinary Disk Orbiting V4046 Sgr
• Multi-epoch, high spatial resolution observations of multiple T Tauri systems
• Evolution of the atomic component in protostellar outflows
• Herschel observations of the circumstellar environment of the two Herbig Be stars R Mon and PDS27
• Velocity-resolved hot water emission detected toward HL Tau with the Submillimeter Array
• A search for passive protoplanetary disks in the Taurus-Auriga star-forming region
• Chemistry During the Gas-rich Stage of Planet Formation
• Orbital parameters and activity of ZZ Tau -- a low mass young binary with circumbinary disc
• Herschel -PACS observations of [OI] and H2O in Cha II
• APEX and NOEMA observations of H${}_2$S in nearby luminous galaxies and the ULIRG Mrk~231 -- Is there a relation between dense gas properties and molecular outflows?
• An Incipient Debris Disk in the Chamaeleon I Cloud
• Herschel GASPS spectral observations of T Tauri stars in Taurus: unraveling far-infrared line emission from jets and discs
• The Nature of Class I Sources: Periodic Variables in Orion
• Observations of highly inclined disks with ALMA. Results from 12CO gas and continuum observations