Monte Carlo radiative transfer in protoplanetary disks

Abstract

We present a new continuum 3D radiative transfer code, MCFOST, based on a Monte-Carlo method. MCFOST can be used to calculate (i) monochromatic images in scattered light and/or thermal emission, (ii) polarisation maps, (iii) interferometric visibilities, (iv) spectral energy distributions and (v) dust temperature distributions of protoplanetary disks. Several improvements to the standard Monte Carlo method are implemented in MCFOST to increase efficiency and reduce convergence time, including wavelength distribution adjustments, mean intensity calculations and an adaptive sampling of the radiation field. The reliability and efficiency of the code are tested against a previously defined benchmark, using a 2D disk configuration. No significant difference (no more than 10%, and generally much less) is found between the temperatures and SEDs calculated by MCFOST and by other codes included in the benchmark. A study of the lowest disk mass detectable by Spitzer, around young stars, is presented and the colours of ``representative'' parametric disks are compared to recent IRAC and MIPS Spitzer colours of solar-like young stars located in nearby star forming regions.

10 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (13)

• Evolutionary models for very-low-mass stars and brown dwarfs with dusty atmospheres
• Evolutionary models for low-mass stars and brown dwarfs: uncertainties and limits at very young ages
• From Molecular Cores to Planet-forming Disks: A SIRTF Legacy Program
• Effects of Dust Growth and Settling in T Tauri Disks
• Radiative Equilibrium and Temperature Correction in Monte Carlo Radiation Transfer
• On the Evolutionary Status of Class I Stars and Herbig-Haro Energy Sources in Taurus-Auriga
• IRAC Observations of Taurus Pre-Main Sequence Stars
• The 2D Continuum Radiative Transfer Problem: Benchmark Results for Disk Configurations
• NICMOS Images of the GG Tau Circumbinary Disk
• A multi-wavelength scattered light analysis of the dust grain population in the GG Tau circumbinary ring
• Radiative equilibrium in Monte Carlo radiative transfer using frequency distribution adjustment
• Adaptive optics imaging of the MBM 12 association
• Radiative transfer in protoplanetary disks

Cited by in corpus (271)

• Dust and Gas in the disc of HL Tauri: Surface density, dust settling, and dust-to-gas ratio
• Radiation thermo-chemical models of protoplanetary disks I. Hydrostatic disk structure and inner rim
• Consistent dust and gas models for protoplanetary disks. I. Disk shape, dust settling, opacities, and PAHs
• Benchmark problems for continuum radiative transfer. High optical depths, anisotropic scattering, and polarisation
• Efficient 3D NLTE dust radiative transfer with SKIRT
• Kinematic evidence for an embedded protoplanet in a circumstellar disc
• Protoplanetary disk lifetimes vs stellar mass and possible implications for giant planet populations
• The warm gas atmosphere of the HD 100546 disk seen by Herschel (Evidence of a gas-rich, carbon-poor atmosphere?)
• Radiative transfer in very optically thick circumstellar disks
• Millimeter-wave polarization of protoplanetary disks due to dust scattering
• Survival of molecular gas in cavities of transition disks (I. CO)
• HYPERION: An open-source parallelized three-dimensional dust continuum radiative transfer code
• Direct mapping of the temperature and velocity gradients in discs. Imaging the vertical CO snow line around IM Lupi
• Polarimetry with the Gemini Planet Imager: Methods, Performance at First Light, and the Circumstellar Ring around HR 4796A
• Unveiling the gas and dust disk structure in HD 163296 using ALMA observations
• Probing dust grain evolution in IM Lupi's circumstellar disc. Multi-wavelength observations and modelling of the dust disc
• Kinematic detection of a planet carving a gap in a protoplanetary disc
• Observations of edge-on protoplanetary disks with ALMA I. Results from continuum data
• Circumbinary, not transitional: On the spiral arms, cavity, shadows, fast radial flows, streamers and horseshoe in the HD142527 disc
• Three-Dimensional Dust Radiative Transfer
• Accretion disks in luminous young stellar objects
• Structure of Herbig AeBe disks at the milliarcsecond scale A statistical survey in the H band using PIONIER-VLTI
• A library of near-infrared integral field spectra of young M-L dwarfs
• Nine localised deviations from Keplerian rotation in the DSHARP circumstellar disks: Kinematic evidence for protoplanets carving the gaps
• Can giant planets form by gravitational fragmentation of discs?
• Three-Dimensional Radiation Transfer in Young Stellar Objects
• The complex structure of the disk around HD100546: the inner few astronomical units
• A highly settled disk around Oph 163131
• Asymmetric transition disks: Vorticity or eccentricity?
• GASPS - a Herschel survey of gas and dust in Protoplanetary Disks: Summary and Initial Statistics
• Non-negative Matrix Factorization: Robust Extraction of Extended Structures
• A cavity and further radial substructures in the disk around HD~97048
• Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer
• CO gas inside the protoplanetary disk cavity in HD 142527: disk structure from ALMA
• Consistent dust and gas models for protoplanetary disks III. Models for selected objects from the FP7 DIANA project
• The dynamically disrupted gap in HD 142527
• The Case of AB Aurigae's Disk in Polarized Light: Is There Truly a Gap?
• A DEBRIS Disk Around The Planet Hosting M-star GJ581 Spatially Resolved with Herschel
• Planet formation in binary systems: A separation-dependent mechanism?
• Submillimetre dust polarisation and opacity in the HD163296 protoplanetary ring system
• Observations of Solids in Protoplanetary Disks
• Keck/NIRC2 $L$'-Band Imaging of Jovian-Mass Accreting Protoplanets around PDS 70
• GASPS observations of Herbig Ae/Be stars with PACS/Herschel. The atomic and molecular content of their protoplanetary discs
• Constraining the structure of the planet-forming region in the disk of the Herbig Be star HD 100546
• Gas modelling in the disc of HD 163296
• ALMA images of discs: are all gaps carved by planets?
• The unusual protoplanetary disk around the T Tauri star ET Cha
• Non-azimuthal linear polarization in protoplanetary disks
• The AU Microscopii Debris Disk: Multiwavelength Imaging and Modeling
• A Herschel Survey of Cold Dust in Disks Around Brown Dwarfs and Low-Mass Stars
• Herschel-PACS observation of the 10 Myr old T Tauri disk TW Hya: Constraining the disk gas mass
• The inner radius of T Tauri disks estimated from near-infrared interferometry: the importance of scattered light
• Flybys in protoplanetary discs: II. Observational signatures
• Herschel/PACS Survey of protoplanetary disks in Taurus/Auriga -- Observations of [OI] and [CII], and far infrared continuum
• Ring formation and dust dynamics in wind-driven protoplanetary discs: global simulations
• Chemistry in Disks. IX. Observations and modeling of HCO+ and DCO+ in DM Tau
• Spiral Arms and a Massive Dust Disk with non-Keplerian Kinematics: Possible Evidence for Gravitational Instability in the Disk of Elias 2-27
• Detection of CH+ emission from the disc around HD100546
• Discovery of a Substellar Companion to the Nearby Debris Disk Host HR 2562
• Radial Surface Density Profiles of Gas and Dust in the Debris Disk around 49 Ceti
• Gaps in Protoplanetary Disks as Signatures of Planets: I. Methodology and Validation
• An interferometric study of the Fomalhaut inner debris disk. III. Detailed models of the exozodiacal disk and its origin
• The Late Stages of Protoplanetary Disk Evolution: A Millimeter Survey of Upper Scorpius
• Are Inner Disc Misalignments Common? ALMA Reveals an Isotropic Outer Disc Inclination Distribution for Young Dipper Stars
• Modeling the Dust Properties of z ~ 6 Quasars with ART^2 -- All-wavelength Radiative Transfer with Adaptive Refinement Tree
• Confirmation and Keplerian motion of the gap-carving protoplanet HD 169142 b
• Panchromatic observations and modeling of the HV Tau C edge-on disk
• Dust masses of disks around 8 Brown Dwarfs and Very Low-Mass Stars in Upper Sco OB1 and Ophiuchus
• Modelling mid-infrared molecular emission lines from T Tauri stars
• ART^2 : Coupling Lyman-alpha Line and Multi-wavelength Continuum Radiative Transfer
• Benchmarking the Calculation of Stochastic Heating and Emissivity of Dust Grains in the Context of Radiative Transfer Simulations
• Spatial segregation of dust grains in transition disks. SPHERE observations of 2MASS J16083070-3828268 and RXJ1852.3-3700
• Using hierarchical octrees in Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations
• On the stratified dust distribution of the GG Tau circumbinary ring
• Hierarchical octree and k-d tree grids for 3D radiative transfer simulations
• Planet gaps in the dust layer of 3D protoplanetary disks. II. Observability with ALMA
• Uncertainties in water chemistry in disks: An application to TW Hya
• Disk Dispersal: Theoretical Understanding and Observational Constraints
• The accumulation and trapping of grains at planet gaps: effects of grain growth and fragmentation
• Scattered light shadows in warped protoplanetary discs
• Using 3D Voronoi grids in radiative transfer simulations
• Constraining the structure of the transition disk HD 135344B (SAO 206462) by simultaneous modeling of multiwavelength gas and dust observations
• Structural and compositional properties of brown dwarf disks: the case of 2MASS J04442713+2512164
• Optical polarized phase function of the HR\,4796A dust ring
• Continuum and line modelling of discs around young stars. I. 300000 disc models for Herschel/GASPS
• Signatures of an eccentric disc cavity: Dust and gas in IRS 48
• A family portrait of disk inner rims around Herbig Ae/Be stars: Hunting for warps, rings, self shadowing, and misalignments in the inner astronomical units
• A CO survey in planet-forming disks: characterizing the gas content in the epoch of planet formation
• Polarized scattered light from self-luminous exoplanets. Three-dimensional scattering radiative transfer with ARTES
• Sculpting the disk around T Cha: an interferometric view
• Gravitational instability in a planet-forming disk
• The JWST Early Release Science Program for the Direct Imaging & Spectroscopy of Exoplanetary Systems
• A Herschel Search For Cold Dust in Brown Dwarf Disks: First Results
• Grand challenges in protoplanetary disc modelling
• Gas lines from the 5-Myr old optically thin disk around HD141569A. Herschel observations and modeling
• First Scattered-Light Image of the Debris Disk around HD 131835 with the Gemini Planet Imager
• Gas in the protoplanetary disc of HD 169142: Herschel's view
• Predicting the kinematic evidence of gravitational instability
• An Exo-Kuiper Belt and An Extended Halo around HD 191089 in Scattered Light
• Herschel Observations of the T Cha Transition Disk: Constraining the Outer Disk Properties
• Radiation-hydrodynamical simulations of massive star formation using Monte Carlo radiative transfer II. The formation of a 25 solar-mass star
• Spatially resolving the hot CO around the young Be star 51 Ophiuchi
• Characterization of the inner disk around HD 141569 A from Keck/NIRC2 L-band vortex coronagraphy
• Warm dust resolved in the cold disk around T Cha with VLTI/AMBER
• The Taurus Boundary of Stellar/Substellar (TBOSS) Survey II. Disk Masses from ALMA Continuum Observations
• The large-scale disk fraction of brown dwarfs in the Taurus cloud as measured with Spitzer
• Are the spiral arms in the MWC 758 protoplanetary disc driven by a companion inside the cavity?
• ALMA study of the HD 100453 AB system and the tidal interaction of the companion with the disk
• Synthetic observations of star formation and the interstellar medium
• A likely flyby of binary protostar Z CMa caught in action
• Multi-Wavelength Modelling of the Beta Leo Debris Disc: 1, 2 or 3 planetesimal populations?
• SOC program for dust continuum radiative transfer
• exoALMA V: Gaseous Emission Surfaces and Temperature Structures
• Multiwavelength studies of the gas and dust disc of IRAS 04158+2805
• Modest dust settling in the IRAS04302+2247 Class I protoplanetary disk
• Polarization in Monte Carlo radiative transfer and dust scattering polarization signatures of spiral galaxies
• Using Data Imputation for Signal Separation in High Contrast Imaging
• Direct Imaging of the HD 35841 Debris Disk: A Polarized Dust Ring from Gemini Planet Imager and an Outer Halo from HST/STIS
• Three-dimensional molecular line transfer: A simulated star-forming region
• Multiband GPI Imaging of the HR 4796A Debris Disk
• Spatially resolved imaging of the two-component eta Crv debris disk with Herschel
• Spatially resolved HCN J=4--3 and CS J=7--6 emission from the disk around HD 142527
• Long lived dust rings around HD169142
• On the rise times in FU Orionis events
• Gas inside the 97 au cavity around the transition disk Sz\,91
• A Herschel PACS survey of the dust and gas in Upper Scorpius disks
• CO ro-vibrational lines in HD100546: A search for disc asymmetries and the role of fluorescence
• HST Scattered Light Imaging and Modeling of the Edge-on Protoplanetary Disk ESO-H$\alpha$ 569
• Planet migration, resonant locking and accretion streams in PDS70: Comparing models and data
• A new hybrid radiative transfer method for massive star formation
• ALMA 870 $\mu$m continuum observations of HD 100546. Evidence of a giant planet on a wide orbit
• Consistent dust and gas models for protoplanetary disks IV. A panchromatic view of protoplanetary disks
• Discovery of an extended debris disk around the F2V star HD 15745
• HD 143006: circumbinary planet or misaligned disc?
• Multiband Polarimetric Imaging of HR 4796A with the Gemini Planet Imager
• MINDS: JWST/NIRCam imaging of the protoplanetary disk PDS 70
• Mapping the Planetary Wake in HD 163296 with Kinematics
• Archival Legacy Investigations of Circumstellar Environments: Overview and First Results
• Photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs with PLUTO+PRIZMO I. Lower X-ray-driven mass-loss rates due to enhanced cooling
• Circumbinary and circumstellar discs around the eccentric binary IRAS 04158+2805 -- a testbed for binary-disc interaction
• New constraints on the dust surrounding HR 4796A
• Spirals, shadows & precession in HD 100453 -- I. The orbit of the binary
• SKIRT: hybrid parallelization of radiative transfer simulations
• Submillimeter Array Observations of the RX J1633.9-2442 Transition Disk: Evidence for Multiple Planets in the Making
• Diversity in the outcome of dust radial drift in protoplanetary discs
• Sustained FU Orionis-type outbursts from colliding discs in stellar flybys
• High resolution observations of the outer disk around T Cha: the view from ALMA
• Rocking shadows in broken circumbinary discs
• Multi-wavelength study of the disk around the very low-mass star Par-Lup3-4
• A single-armed spiral in the protoplanetary disk around HD34282 ?
• Binary-induced spiral arms inside the disc cavity of AB Aurigae
• The Taurus Boundary of Stellar/Substellar (TBOSS) Survey I: far-IR disk emission measured with Herschel
• The ALMA view of MP Mus (PDS 66): a protoplanetary disk with no visible gaps down to 4 au scales
• Sparse Aperture Masking Observations of the FL Cha Pre-transitional Disk
• Shadows, gaps, and ring-like structures in protoplanetary disks
• GW Ori: circumtriple rings and planets
• The Anatomy of an Unusual Edge-on Protoplanetary Disk. II. Gas temperature and a warm outer region
• A coplanar circumbinary protoplanetary disk in the TWA 3 triple M dwarf system
• Herschel survey of brown dwarf disks in Rho Ophiuchi
• The Herschel view of Gas in Protoplanetary Systems (GASPS). First comparisons with a large grid of models
• The Gemini Planet Imager view of the HD 32297 debris disk
• The Anatomy of an Unusual Edge-on Protoplanetary Disk I. Dust Settling in a Cold Disk
• The inner dust shell of Betelgeuse detected by polarimetric aperture-masking interferometry
• An upper limit on the mass of the circumplanetary disk for DH Tau b
• Spatially resolved submm imaging of the HR 8799 debris disk
• Self-Induced Dust Traps Around Snow Lines in Protoplanetary Discs
• Dust growth, fragmentation and self-induced dust traps in PHANTOM
• Exoplanetary Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer with Correlated-k I. Benchmarking Transit and Emission Observables
• Continuum and line modeling of disks around young stars II. Line diagnostics for GASPS from the DENT grid
• The Circumstellar Disk and Asymmetric outflow of the EX Lup Outburst System
• The surprising evolution of the shadow on the TW Hya disk
• Spirals, shadows & precession in HD 100453 -- II. The hidden companion
• Super-Earths in the TW Hya disc
• Resolving The Moth at Millimeter Wavelengths
• Near-IR imaging of T Cha: evidence for scattered-light disk structures at solar system scales
• Analysis of the arm-like structure in the outer disk of PDS 70. Spiral density wave or vortex?
• Disk Masses and Dust Evolution of Protoplanetary Disks Around Brown Dwarfs
• Analysing the SEDs of protoplanetary disks with machine learning
• Is the gap in the DS Tau disc hiding a planet?
• Chemical signatures of a warped protoplanetary disc
• First Resolved Scattered-Light Images of Four Debris Disks in Scorpius-Centaurus with the Gemini Planet Imager
• Evolution from protoplanetary to debris discs: The transition disc around HD 166191
• Dynamic mineral clouds on HD 189733b II. Monte Carlo radiative transfer for 3D cloudy exoplanet atmospheres: combining scattering and emission spectra
• The Origin of the Doppler-flip in HD 100546: a large scale spiral arm generated by an inner binary companion
• Kinematic evidence for an embedded planet in the IM Lupi disc
• Long-lived protoplanetary disks in multiple systems: the VLA view of HD 98800
• A proposed new diagnostic for Herbig disc geometry: FWHM versus J of CO ro-vibrational lines
• The protoplanetary disk of FT Tauri: multi-wavelength data analysis and modeling
• Observing protoplanetary discs with the Square Kilometre Array -- I. Characterising pebble substructure caused by forming planets
• Chemical composition of the circumstellar disk around AB Aurigae
• The Foggy Disks Surrounding Herbig Ae Stars: a Theoretical Study of the H2O Line Spectra
• Probing the eccentricity in protostellar discs -- Modeling kinematics and morphologies
• A kinematic excess in the annular gap and gas depleted cavity in the disc around HD 169142
• Revealing asymmetrical dust distribution in the inner regions of HD 141569
• A Deep Polarimetric Study of the Asymmetrical Debris Disk HD 106906
• Detection of Near-Infrared Water Ice at the Surface of the (pre)Transitional Disk of AB Aur: Informing Icy Grain Abundance, Composition, and Size
• Kinematic and thermal signatures of the directly imaged protoplanet candidate around Elias 2-24
• Magnetic activity and radial velocity filtering of young Suns: The weak-line T Tauri stars Par 1379 and Par 2244
• Nature of the gas and dust around 51 Oph
• Chemical tracers of a highly eccentric AGB-main sequence star binary
• Characteristics of small protoplanetary disc warps in kinematic observations
• Hiding Signatures of Gravitational Instability in Protoplanetary Discs with Planets
• Dust composition and mass-loss return from the luminous blue variable R71 in the LMC
• 3D simulations of AGB stellar winds -- II. Ray-tracer implementation and impact of radiation on the outflow morphology
• Demographics of Protoplanetary Disks: A Simulated Population of Edge-on Systems
• Morphology of the gas-rich debris disk around HD 121617 with SPHERE observations in polarized light
• Orbital dynamics in the GG Tau A system: investigating its enigmatic disc
• Constraining the properties of transitional disks in Chamaeleon I with Herschel
• Modeling Nitrogen Fractionation in the Protoplanetary Disk around TW Hya: Model Constraints on Grain Population and Carbon-to-Oxygen Elemental Abundance Ratio
• Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics Integral Field Spectroscopy of a Tightly Collimated Bipolar Jet from the Herbig Ae star LkHa 233
• A resolved and asymmetric ring of PAHs within the young circumstellar disk of IRS 48
• Numerical predictions for planets in the debris discs of HD 202628 and HD 207129
• On the settling of small grains in dusty discs: analysis and formulas
• Atomic line radiative transfer with MCFOST I. Code description and benchmarking
• Light Scattering and Thermal Emission by Primitive Dust Particles in Planetary Systems
• The protoplanetary disc around HD 169142: circumstellar or circumbinary?
• A young gas giant and hidden substructures in a protoplanetary disk
• Inverse-problem versus principal component analysis methods for angular differential imaging of circumstellar disks. The mustard algorithm
• Weighing protoplanetary discs with kinematics: physical model, method and benchmark
• Imaging the 44 AU Kuiper Belt-analogue debris ring around HD 141569A with GPI polarimetry
• Keck Adaptive Optics Observations of the Protostellar Disk around Radio Source I in the Orion Kleinmann-Low Nebula
• Observational Signatures of Circumbinary Discs I: Kinematics
• Polarization of stars with debris disks: comparing observations with models
• Bipolar molecular outflow of the very low-mass star Par-Lup3-4
• A model grid for the reflected light from transition disks
• Narrow belt of debris around the Sco-Cen star HD 141011
• Spectroscopic and interferometric signatures of magnetospheric accretion in young stars
• The disk around the brown dwarf KPNO Tau 3
• Near-IR Polarized Scattered Light Imagery of the DoAr 28 Transitional Disk
• Locating Hidden Exoplanets in ALMA Data Using Machine Learning
• Warm HCN in the planet formation zone of GV Tau N
• Native Synthetic Imaging of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics density fields using gridless Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer
• The role of absorption and scattering in shaping ice bands. Spatially-resolved spectroscopy of protoplanetary disks
• Radiative transfer in disc galaxies $-$ V. The accuracy of the KB approximation
• Multiband polarimetric imaging of HD 34700 with SCExAO/CHARIS
• The grazing angle icy protoplanetary disk PDS 453
• Numerical search for a potential planet sculpting the young disc of HD 115600
• The impact of initial conditions in N-body simulations of debris discs
• Review and prospects of hot exozodiacal dust research for future exo-Earth direct imaging missions
• V892 Tau: A tidally perturbed circumbinary disc in a triple stellar system
• Tetrahedral grids in Monte Carlo radiative transfer
• Continuing to Hide Signatures of Gravitational Instability in Protoplanetary Discs with Planets
• Deepest limits on scattered light emission from the Epsilon Eridani inner debris disk with HST/STIS
• Polarization aberrations in next-generation Giant Segmented Mirror Telescopes (GSMTs). II. Influence of segment-to-segment coating variations on high-contrast imaging and polarimetry
• exoALMA XIX: Confirmation of Non-thermal Line Broadening in the DM Tau Protoplanetary Disk
• Improving Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations: A shift of framework
• Time-dependent Monte Carlo continuum radiative transfer
• The Nature of Class I Sources: Periodic Variables in Orion
• Gas in Protoplanetary Discs (GASPS) 1. First results
• Performance of the Gemini Planet Imager Non-Redundant Mask and spectroscopy of two close-separation binaries HR 2690 and HD 142527
• JWST/MIRI Imaging of the Warm Dust Component of the Epsilon Eridani Debris Disk
• Radial decoupling of small and large dust grains in the transitional disk RX J1615.3-3255
• Kinematic Evidence of an Embedded Protoplanet in HD 142666 Identified by Machine Learning
• The Disks In Scorpius-Centaurus Survey (DISCS) I: Four Newly-Resolved Debris Disks in Polarized Intensity Light
• Probing dust and grain growth in the optically thick circumbinary ring of V892 Tau
• Tracing Planetary Accretion in a 3 Gyr-old Hydrogen-Rich White Dwarf: The Extremely Polluted Atmosphere of LSPM J0207+3331
• Mid-infrared absorption spectra and mass absorption coefficients for 23 chondrites: dependence on composition and grain size
• Planet gaps in the dust layer of 3D proto-planetary disks: Observability with ALMA
• Variation of the disk thickness across ice bands: A method to determine ice abundances in highly inclined protoplanetary disks
• Constraining protoplanetary disc mass using the GI wiggle
• Large Dust Grains and a Possible Dust Trap in the Polar Circumbinary Disc of HD 98800B
• Paradigmatic examples for testing models of optical light polarization by spheroidal dust
• Direct Imaging for the Debris Disk around $\epsilon$ Eridani with the Cool-Planet Imaging Coronagraph
• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) abundances in the disk around T Chamaeleontis (T Cha): PAH sizes, ionization fraction, and mass during JWST observations
• A Multiband Study of the HR 4796A Disk in the Optical Using MagAO-X
• Searching for planet-driven dust spirals in ALMA visibilities
• Investigating 2M1155-7919B: a Nearby, Young, Low-Mass Star Actively Accreting from a Nearly Edge-on, Dusty Disk
• Constraining the mass of the planet(s) sculpting a disk cavity. The intriguing case of 2MASS J16042165-2130284
• Protoplanetary Disk Chemistry
• Benchmarking pre-main sequence stellar evolutionary tracks using disk-based dynamical stellar masses
• JWST Imaging of Edge-on Protoplanetary Disks. V. Flux Ratio Reversal and Disk-edge Structure in the Flying Saucer