Bipolar molecular outflow of the very low-mass star Par-Lup3-4

Abstract

Very low-mass stars are known to have jets and outflows, which is indicative of a scaled-down version of low-mass star formation. However, only very few outflows in very low-mass sources are well characterized. We characterize the bipolar molecular outflow of the very low-mass star Par-Lup3-4, a 0.12 M${}_{\odot }$ object known to power an optical jet. We observed Par-Lup3-4 with ALMA in Bands 6 and 7, detecting both the continuum and CO molecular gas. In particular, we studied three main emission lines: CO(2-1), CO(3-2), and ${}^{13}$CO(3-2). Our observations reveal for the first time the base of a bipolar molecular outflow in a very low-mass star, as well as a stream of material moving perpendicular to the primary outflow of this source. The primary outflow morphology is consistent with the previously determined jet orientation and disk inclination. The outflow mass is $9.5\times 10^{-7}{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ , with an outflow rate of $4.3\times 10^{-9}{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}$ A new fitting to the spectral energy distribution suggests that Par-Lup3-4 may be a binary system. We have characterized Par-Lup3-4 in detail, and its properties are consistent with those reported in other very low-mass sources. This source provides further evidence that very low-mass sources form as a scaled-down version of low-mass stars.

arXiv comment20 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables. Accepted in A&A

References in corpus (49)

• Control of star formation by supersonic turbulence
• New evolutionary models for pre-main sequence and main sequence low-mass stars down to the hydrogen-burning limit
• The Stellar IMF from Turbulent Fragmentation
• Models of Stars, Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanets
• The Mass Dependence Between Protoplanetary Disks and their Stellar Hosts
• ALMA Survey of Lupus Protoplanetary Disks I: Dust and Gas Masses
• The Formation of Brown Dwarfs as Ejected Stellar Embryos
• Analytical theory for the initial mass function: CO clumps and prestellar cores
• On the Submillimeter Opacity of Protoplanetary Disks
• X-Shooter spectroscopy of young stellar objects in Lupus: Accretion properties of class II and transitional objects
• Monte Carlo radiative transfer in protoplanetary disks
• Dust Properties of Protoplanetary Disks in the Taurus-Auriga Star Forming Region from Millimeter Wavelengths
• X-Shooter spectroscopy of young stellar objects: IV -- Accretion in low-mass stars and sub-stellar objects in Lupus
• ALMA Survey of Lupus Protoplanetary Disks II: Gas Disk Radii
• The properties of brown dwarfs and low-mass hydrogen-burning stars formed by disc fragmentation
• Benchmark problems for continuum radiative transfer. High optical depths, anisotropic scattering, and polarisation
• The Evolution of Outflow-Envelope Interactions in Low-Mass Protostars
• Dust grain growth in rho-Ophiuchi protoplanetary disks
• A Compendium of Distances to Molecular Clouds in the Star Formation Handbook
• The Formation of Free-Floating Brown Dwarves and Planetary-Mass Objects by Photo-Erosion of Prestellar Cores
• Molecular Outflows Driven by Low-Mass Protostars. I. Correcting for Underestimates When Measuring Outflow Masses and Dynamical Properties
• The HH30 edge-on T Tauri star A rotating and precessing monopolar outflow scrutinized by ALMA
• Understanding the origin of the [OI] low-velocity component from T Tauri stars
• X-Shooter spectroscopy of young stellar objects: V - Slow winds in T Tauri stars
• Molecular jets from low-mass young protostellar objects
• Discovery of a Low Mass Bipolar Molecular Outflow from L1014-IRS with the Submillimeter Array
• First Confirmed Detection of a Bipolar Molecular Outflow from a Young Brown Dwarf
• IC348-SMM2E: a Class 0 proto-brown dwarf candidate forming as a scaled-down version of low-mass stars
• Radiation-Hydrodynamic Simulations of Protostellar Outflows: Synthetic Observations and Data Comparisons
• Far-infrared to millimeter data of protoplanetary disks: dust growth in the Taurus, Ophiuchus, and Chamaeleon I star-forming regions
• The First X-shooter Observations of Jets from Young Stars
• The VLA Nascent Disk And Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Perseus Protostars. Resolving the Sub-Arcsecond Binary System in NGC 1333 IRAS2A
• Deep Near-Infrared Observations of L1014: Revealing the nature of the core and its embedded source
• Demographics of disks around young very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in Lupus
• Spatially Resolved Observations of the Bipolar Optical Outflow from the Brown Dwarf 2MASSJ12073347-3932540
• Molecular Outflows in the Substellar Domain: Millimeter Observations of Young Very Low Mass Objects in Taurus and rho Ophiuchi
• Mass loss at the lowest stellar masses
• Characterization of Molecular Outflows in The Substellar Domain
• Unveiling the nature and interaction of the intermediate/high-mass YSOs in IRAS 20343+4129
• HST Scattered Light Imaging and Modeling of the Edge-on Protoplanetary Disk ESO-H$\alpha$ 569
• Confirmation of the VeLLO L1148-IRS: Star Formation at very low (Column) Density
• Multi-wavelength study of the disk around the very low-mass star Par-Lup3-4
• First results from the CALYPSO IRAM-PdBI survey - III. Monopolar jets driven by a proto-binary system in NGC1333-IRAS2A
• ESO-H$\alpha$~574 and Par-Lup3-4 Jets: Exploring the spectral, kinematical and physical properties
• The bipolar outflow and disk of the brown dwarf ISO217
• Uncovering the Outflow Driven by the Brown Dwarf LS-RCr A1: H-alpha as a Tracer of Outflow Activity in Brown Dwarfs
• The Near-Infrared Outflow and Cavity of the proto-Brown Dwarf Candidate ISO-Oph 200
• Constraining the properties of transitional disks in Chamaeleon I with Herschel
• Discovery of an outflow of the very low-mass star ISO 143

Cited by in corpus (7)

• Measuring the ratio of the gas and dust emission radii of protoplanetary disks in the Lupus star-forming region
• The origin of free-floating planets
• Fragmentation of the High-mass "Starless'' Core G10.21-0.31: a Coherent Evolutionary Picture for Star Formation
• Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk) XVI: An asymmetric dust disk driving a multi-component molecular outflow in the young Class 0 protostar GSS30 IRS3
• ALMA observations of the early stages of substellar formation in the Lupus 1 and 3 molecular clouds
• Episodicity in accretion-ejection processes associated with IRAS 15398-3359
• Revisiting the BE99 method for the study of outflowing gas in protostellar jets