On the Submillimeter Opacity of Protoplanetary Disks

Abstract

Solid particles with the composition of interstellar dust and power-law size distribution dn/da propto a^{-p} for a < a_max with a_{max} > 3 lambda and 3 < p < 4 will have submm opacity spectral index beta(lambda) = dln(kappa)/dln(nu) approx (p-3) beta_{ism}, where beta_{ism} approx 1.7 is the opacity spectral index of interstellar dust material in the Rayleigh limit. For the power-law index p approx 3.5 that characterizes interstellar dust, and that appears likely for particles growing by agglomeration in protoplanetary disks, grain growth to sizes a > 3 mm will result in beta(1 mm) < ~1. Grain growth can naturally account for beta approx 1 observed for protoplanetary disks, provided that a_{max} > ~ 3 lambda.

Submitted to ApJ. 17 pages, 6 figures

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• Feasibility of the debris ring transit method for the solar-like star HD 107146 by an occulted galaxy
• "Ashfall" Induced by Molecular Outflow in Protostar Evolution. II. Analytical Study on the Maximum Size of Dust Grains Lifted by Outflows
• Optical constants of Ih, Ic, and amorphous H${}_2$O ices in the THz and IR ranges