Resolving the Circumstellar Disk of HL Tauri at Millimeter Wavelengths

Abstract

We present results of high-resolution imaging toward HL Tau by the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA). We have obtained 1.3 and 2.7 mm dust continua with an angular resolution down to 0.13 arc second. Through model fitting to the two wavelength data simultaneously in Bayesian inference using a flared viscous accretion disk model, we estimate the physical properties of HL Tau, such as density distribution, dust opacity spectral index, disk mass, disk size, inclination angle, position angle, and disk thickness. HL Tau has a circumstellar disk mass of 0.13 solar mass, a characteristic radius of 79 AU, an inclination of 40 degree, and a position angle of 136 degree. Although a thin disk model is preferred by our two wavelength data, a thick disk model is needed to explain the high mid- and far-infrared emission of the HL Tau spectral energy distribution. This could imply large dust grains settled down on the mid plane with fine dust grains mixed with gas. The HL Tau disk is likely gravitationally unstable and can be fragmented between 50 and 100 AU of radius. However, we did not detect dust thermal continuum supporting the protoplanet candidate claimed by a previous study using observations of the Very Large Array at 1.3 cm.

27 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, to be published in ApJ

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Cited by in corpus (66)

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• Observational Signatures of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks I: Gaps Opened by Single and Multiple Young Planets in Disks
• On planet formation in HL Tau
• Mass Estimates of a Giant Planet in a Protoplanetary Disk from the Gap Structures
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• Inclination-Induced Polarization of Scattered Millimeter Radiation from Protoplanetary Disks: The Case of HL Tau
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• HL Tau disk in HCO+ (3-2) and (1-0) with ALMA: gas density, temperature, gap, and one-arm spiral
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• Signatures of Gravitational Instability in Resolved Images of Protostellar Disks
• Nonsticky Ice at the Origin of the Uniformly Polarized Submillimeter Emission from the HL Tau Disk
• Dynamical Stability of Imaged Planetary Systems in Formation: Application to HL Tau
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• How do giant planetary cores shape the dust disk? HL Tau system
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• Planetary System Formation in Protoplanetary Disk around HL Tauri
• The properties of the inner disk around HL Tau: Multi-wavelength modeling of the dust emission
• Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk). IV. The Ringed and Warped Structure of the Disk around the Class I Protostar L1489 IRS
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• The Millimeter Continuum Size-Frequency Relationship in the UZ Tau E Disk
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• Impact of Differential Dust Settling on the SED and Polarization: Application to the Inner Region of the HL Tau Disk
• Do we need non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics to model protostellar discs?
• SMA Submillimeter Observations of HL Tau: Revealing a compact molecular outflow
• Inclination effects in T Tauri star spectra
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• Physical and Chemical Conditions of the Protostellar Envelope and the Protoplanetary Disk in HL Tau
• (Sub)millimeter Dust Polarization of Protoplanetary Disks from Scattering by Large Millimeter-Sized Irregular Grains
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• Filling in the Gaps: Can Gravitationally Unstable Discs Form the Seeds of Gas Giant Planets?
• Structure of CB 26 Protoplanetary Disk Derived from Millimeter Dust Continuum Maps
• On the Origin of Banded Structure in Dusty Protoplanetary Discs: HL Tau and TW Hya
• Feasibility of detecting shadows in disks induced by infall
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• Velocity-resolved hot water emission detected toward HL Tau with the Submillimeter Array
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• Evidence of Grain Alignment by Magnetically Enhanced Radiative Torques from Multiwavelength Dust Polarization Modeling of HL Tau
• Structure of Protoplanetary Discs with Magnetically-driven Winds
• Emission from Magnetized Accretion Disks around Young Stars
• Exploring the Grain Properties in the Disk of HL Tau with an Evolutionary Model
• Wavelength-dependent far-infrared polarization of HL Tau observed with SOFIA/HAWC+
• Applying a Particle-only Model to the HL Tau Disk