A Submillimeter View of Circumstellar Dust Disks in $\rho$ Ophiuchus

Abstract

We present new multiwavelength submillimeter continuum measurements of the circumstellar dust around 48 young stars in the $\rho$ Ophiuchus dark clouds. Supplemented with previous 1.3 mm observations of an additional 99 objects from the literature, the statistical distributions of disk masses and submillimeter colors are calculated and compared to those in the Taurus-Auriga region. These basic submillimeter properties of young stellar objects in both environments are shown to be essentially identical. As with their Taurus counterparts, the $\rho$ Oph circumstellar dust properties are shown to evolve along an empirical evolution sequence based on the infrared spectral energy distribution. The combined $\rho$ Oph and Taurus Class II samples (173 sources) are used to set benchmark values for basic outer disk characteristics: M_disk ~ 0.005 solar masses, M_disk/M_star ~ 1%, and $\alpha$ ~ 2 (where $F_{\nu }\propto {\nu }^{\alpha }$ between 350 microns and 1.3 mm). The precision of these numbers are addressed in the context of substantial solid particle growth in the earliest stages of the planet formation process. There is some circumstantial evidence that disk masses inferred from submillimeter emission may be under-estimated by up to an order of magnitude.

accepted in ApJ; 38 pages, 11 figures

References in corpus (7)

• Photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs II: evolutionary models and observable properties
• Accretion in the Rho-Oph pre-main sequence stars
• Demographics of Transition Objects
• Results of the ROTOR-program. I. The long-term photometric variability of classical T Tauri stars
• Fragmentation of gravitationally unstable gaseous protoplanetary disks with radiative transfer
• A Survey for New Members of Taurus with the Spitzer Space Telescope
• Investigating grain growth in disks around southern T Tauri stars at millimetre wavelengths

Cited by in corpus (94)

• Protoplanetary Disk Structures in Ophiuchus
• On the diversity and statistical properties of protostellar discs
• An Earth-sized Planet in the Habitable Zone of a Cool Star
• Variations on Debris Disks: Icy Planet Formation at 30-150 AU for 1-3 Solar Mass Main Sequence Stars
• The chemical history of molecules in circumstellar disks. I. Ices
• Dust masses of young disks: constraining the initial solid reservoir for planet formation
• Mass measurements in protoplanetary disks from hydrogen deuteride
• Dust retention in protoplanetary disks
• Different dust and gas radial extents in protoplanetary disks: consistent models of grain growth and CO emission
• Protoplanetary disk rings and gaps across ages and luminosities
• Line Emission from Gas in Optically Thick Dust Disks around Young Stars
• Mass inventory of the giant-planet formation zone in a solar nebula analog
• ALMA Observations of the Orion Proplyds
• The nature of the Class I population in Ophiuchus as revealed through gas and dust mapping
• The Mass Budget of Planet Forming Discs: Isolating the Epoch of Planetesimal Formation
• Grand Design Spiral Arms in A Young Forming Circumstellar Disk
• Protoplanetary Disks in $\rho$ Ophiuchus as Seen From ALMA
• Shells, jets, and internal working surfaces in the molecular outflow from IRAS 04166+2706
• Five steps in the evolution from protoplanetary to debris disk
• Brown dwarf disks with ALMA: evidence for truncated dust disks in Ophiuchus
• Proplyds and Massive Disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster Imaged with CARMA and SMA
• The young population of the Chamaeleon II dark cloud
• An opening criterion for dust gaps in protoplanetary discs
• The Structure of Pre-transitional Protoplanetary Disks. II. Azimuthal Asymmetries, Different Radial Distributions of Large and Small Dust Grains in PDS~70
• Homogeneous study of Herbig Ae/Be stars from spectral energy distributions and Gaia EDR3
• Disks Around T Tauri Stars with SPHERE (DARTTS-S) II: Twenty-one new polarimetric images of young stellar disks
• Accretion-related properties of Herbig Ae/Be stars. Comparison with T Tauris
• Demographics of Transition Discs in Ophiuchus and Taurus
• The Nature of Transition Circumstellar Disks II. Southern Molecular Clouds
• Spiral Arms and a Massive Dust Disk with non-Keplerian Kinematics: Possible Evidence for Gravitational Instability in the Disk of Elias 2-27
• An ALMA Continuum Survey of Circumstellar Disks in the Upper Scorpius OB Association
• The Masses of Transition Circumstellar Disks: Observational Support for Photoevaporation Models
• A continuum of accretion burst behavior in young stars observed by K2
• Formation, tidal evolution and habitability of the Kepler-186 system
• Far-infrared to millimeter data of protoplanetary disks: dust growth in the Taurus, Ophiuchus, and Chamaeleon I star-forming regions
• Transition from the Infalling Envelope to the Keplerian Disk around L1551 IRS 5
• Disk Masses for Embedded Class I Protostars in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
• SEEDS Adaptive Optics Imaging of the Asymmetric Transition Disk Oph IRS 48 in Scattered Light
• Planet formation around stars of various masses: Hot super-Earths
• ALMA Observations of the T Tauri Binary System AS 205: Evidence for Molecular Winds and/or Binary Interactions
• Protoplanetary Disk Masses in the Young NGC 2024 Cluster
• Rapid Evolution of the Innermost Dust Disk of Protoplanetary Disks Surrounding Intermediate-mass Stars
• The Circumstellar Disk Mass Distribution in the Orion Trapezium Cluster
• YSOVAR: Mid-IR variability in the star forming region Lynds 1688
• A census of $\rho$ Oph candidate members from Gaia DR2
• The evolution of protoplanetary discs in star formation and feedback simulations
• The Peculiar Periodic YSO WL 4 in Rho Ophiuchus
• The Mass Accretion Rate and Stellar Properties in Class I Protostars
• Accreting planets as dust dams in `transition' discs
• Dual-Wavelength ALMA Observations of Dust Rings in Protoplanetary Disks
• Influence of grain growth on the thermal structure of protoplanetary discs
• On the underestimation of dust mass in protoplanetary disks: Effects of disk structure and dust properties
• Consistent dust and gas models for protoplanetary disks IV. A panchromatic view of protoplanetary disks
• On the Mass Accretion Rates of Herbig Ae/Be Stars. Magnetospheric Accretion or Boundary Layer?
• The Taurus Boundary of Stellar/Substellar (TBOSS) Survey I: far-IR disk emission measured with Herschel
• A "Rosetta Stone" for protoplanetary disks: The synergy of multi-wavelength observations
• The chemistry of planet-forming regions is not interstellar
• Proper motion survey and kinematic analysis of the Rho Ophiuchi embedded cluster
• Warm millimetre dust in protoplanetary discs near massive stars
• Observational signatures of linear warps in circumbinary discs
• On the maximum grain size entrained by photoevaporative winds
• Radio Monitoring of Protoplanetary Discs
• The Herschel/PACS view of the Cep OB2 region: Global protoplanetary disk evolution and clumpy star formation
• Aluminum-26 Enrichment in the Surface of Protostellar Disks Due to Protostellar Cosmic Rays
• The Structure of the DoAr 25 Circumstellar Disk
• Super-resolution Imaging of the Protoplanetary Disk HD 142527 Using Sparse Modeling
• Submillimeter Observations of the Young Low-Mass Object IRAS 04158+2805
• Primordial Dusty Rings and Episodic Outbursts in Protoplanetary Discs
• Mass determination of protoplanetary disks from dust evolution
• Disc truncation in embedded star clusters: Dynamical encounters versus face-on accretion
• The Astrophysical Environment of the Solar Birthplace
• A sub-AU outwardly truncated accretion disk around a classical T Tauri star
• Structures in circumbinary disks: Prospects for observability
• The Herschel view of circumstellar discs: a multi-wavelength study of Chamaeleon I
• Orbital and atmospheric parameters of two wide O-type subdwarf binaries: BD$-$11${}^{\mathrm{o}}$162 and Feige 80
• Residual Gas & Dust Around Transition Objects and Weak T Tauri Stars
• Herschel/PACS view of disks around low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the TW Hya association
• Signatures of Hot Molecular Hydrogen Absorption from Protoplanetary Disks: I. Non-thermal Populations
• The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: low-mass proto-planetary discs from a SCUBA-2 census of NGC1333
• The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: A First Look at the Auriga-California Molecular Cloud with SCUBA-2
• An SMA Continuum Survey of Circumstellar Disks in the Serpens Star-Forming Region
• The mid-IR water and silicate relation in protoplanetary disks
• The Mid-Infrared Polarization of the Herbig Ae Star WL 16: An Interstellar Origin?
• Modeling the arc and ring structures in the HD 143006 disk
• Detecting planetary mass companions near the water frost-line using JWST interferometry
• Confirmation of a ring structure in the disk around MP Mus (PDS 66) with ALMA Band 7 observations
• The Radial Profile of Dust Grain Size in the Protoplanetary Disk of DS Tau
• Dust dissipation timescales in the intermediate and outer regions of protoplanetary disks
• The Disappearing Envelope around the Transitional Class I Object L43
• Comparison between accretion-related properties of Herbig Ae/Be and T Tauri stars
• A multiwavelength analysis of the spiral arms in the protoplanetary disk around WaOph 6
• Gravitational instability in planet-forming discs
• Photoevaporation of protoplanetary disks by Far-UV photons arising from neighbouring massive stars: observation of proplyds and modelling
• HCN snowlines in protoplanetary disks: constraints from ice desorption experiments