The Taurus Boundary of Stellar/Substellar (TBOSS) Survey I: far-IR disk emission measured with Herschel

Abstract

With Herschel/PACS 134 low mass members of the Taurus star-forming region spanning the M4-L0 spectral type range and covering the transition from low mass stars to brown dwarfs were observed. Combining the new Herschel results with other programs, a total of 150 of the 154 M4-L0 Taurus members members have observations with Herschel. Among the 150 targets, 70um flux densities were measured for 7 of the 7 ClassI objects, 48 of the 67 ClassII members, and 3 of the 76 ClassIII targets. For the detected ClassII objects, the median 70um flux density level declines with spectral type, however, the distribution of excess relative to central object flux density does not change across the stellar/substellar boundary in the M4-L0 range. Connecting the 70um TBOSS values with the results from K0-M3 ClassII members results in the first comprehensive census of far-IR emission across the full mass spectrum of the stellar and substellar population of a star-forming region, and the median flux density declines with spectral type in a trend analogous to the flux density decline expected for the central objects. SEDs were constructed for all TBOSS targets covering the optical to far-IR range and extending to the submm/mm for a subset of sources. Based on an initial exploration of the impact of different physical parameters; inclination, scale height and flaring have the largest influence on the PACS flux densities. From the 24um to 70um spectral index of the SEDs, 5 new candidate transition disks were identified. The steep 24um to 70um slope for a subset of 8 TBOSS targets may be an indication of truncated disks in these systems.Two examples of mixed pair systems that include secondaries with disks were measured. Finally, comparing the TBOSS results with a Herschel study of Ophiuchus brown dwarfs reveals a lower fraction of disks around the Taurus substellar population.

arXiv comment64 pages, 33 figures, 12 tables, accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (93)

• The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance
• The Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) for the Spitzer Space Telescope
• The Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) on the Herschel Space Observatory
• Disk Frequencies and Lifetimes in Young Clusters
• Evolutionary models for very-low-mass stars and brown dwarfs with dusty atmospheres
• The NextGen Model Atmosphere grid for $3000\le \Teff \le 10000\K$
• Planet Occurrence within 0.25 AU of Solar-type Stars from Kepler
• The Limiting Effects of Dust in Brown Dwarf Model Atmospheres
• Circumstellar Dust Disks in Taurus-Auriga: The Submillimeter Perspective
• The Formation of a Star Cluster: Predicting the Properties of Stars and Brown Dwarfs
• Spectral Irradiance Calibration in the Infrared. XIV: the Absolute Calibration of 2MASS
• The Mass Dependence Between Protoplanetary Disks and their Stellar Hosts
• Giant Planet Occurrence in the Stellar Mass-Metallicity Plane
• A Giant Planet Candidate near a Young Brown Dwarf
• A Census of the Young Cluster IC 348
• The Formation of Brown Dwarfs as Ejected Stellar Embryos
• Absolute Calibration of the Infrared Array Camera on the Spitzer Space Telescope
• Analytical theory for the initial mass function: CO clumps and prestellar cores
• Very Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in Taurus-Auriga
• Observational Constraints on the Formation and Evolution of Binary Stars
• Photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs II: evolutionary models and observable properties
• The effect of dust settling on the appearance of protoplanetary disks
• The Disk Population of the Taurus Star-Forming Region
• Monte Carlo radiative transfer in protoplanetary disks
• The SCUBA Legacy Catalogue: Continuum Objects Detected by SCUBA
• The Formation Mechanism of Brown Dwarfs
• On the Evolutionary Status of Class I Stars and Herbig-Haro Energy Sources in Taurus-Auriga
• A Submillimeter View of Circumstellar Dust Disks in $\rho$ Ophiuchus
• Benchmark problems for continuum radiative transfer. High optical depths, anisotropic scattering, and polarisation
• Absolute Calibration and Characterization of the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer. I. The Stellar Calibrator Sample and the 24 micron Calibration
• Mapping the Shores of the Brown Dwarf Desert II: Multiple Star Formation in Taurus-Auriga
• The Taurus Spitzer Survey: New Candidate Taurus Members Selected Using Sensitive Mid-Infrared Photometry
• HST/NICMOS Imaging of Disks and Envelopes Around Very Young Stars
• New Brown Dwarfs and an Updated Initial Mass Function in Taurus
• The Disk Around CoKu Tau/4: Circumbinary, not Transitional
• Exploring brown dwarf disks: A 1.3 mm survey in Taurus
• A Resolved Census of Millimeter Emission from Taurus Multiple Star Systems
• The Initial Mass Function of Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in Taurus
• An Infrared/X-ray Survey for New Members of the Taurus Star-Forming Region
• New Low-Mass Members of the Taurus Star-Forming Region
• A Spectroscopic Survey of Subarcsecond Binaries in the Taurus-Auriga Dark Cloud with the Hubble Space Telescope
• The Formation of Free-Floating Brown Dwarves and Planetary-Mass Objects by Photo-Erosion of Prestellar Cores
• The Last Gasp of Gas Giant Planet Formation: A Spitzer Study of the 5 Myr-old Cluster NGC 2362
• The Coevality of Young Binary Systems
• A Spitzer Census of Transitional Protoplanetary Disks with AU-Scale Inner Holes
• The Spitzer c2d Survey of Nearby Dense Cores: II: Discovery of a Low Luminosity Object in the "Evolved Starless Core" L1521F
• VLBA determination of the distance to nearby star-forming regions III. HP Tau/G2 and the three-dimensional structure of Taurus
• Three Wide Planetary-Mass Companions to FW Tau, ROXs 12, and ROXs 42B
• Protoplanetary Disk Masses from Stars to Brown Dwarfs
• A Survey for New Members of Taurus with the Spitzer Space Telescope
• GASPS - a Herschel survey of gas and dust in Protoplanetary Disks: Summary and Initial Statistics
• First Detection of Millimeter Dust Emission from Brown Dwarf Disks
• Tracing the Mass during Low-Mass Star Formation, IV: Observations and Modeling of the Submillimeter Continuum Emission from Class I Protostars
• Multiple protostellar systems. I. A deep near infrared survey of Taurus and Ophiuchus protostellar objects
• Four Brown Dwarfs in the Taurus Star-Forming Region
• Unusually Wide Binaries: Are They Wide or Unusual?
• A Multiwavelength Study of Star Formation in the L1495E Cloud in Taurus
• 17 new very low-mass members in Taurus. The brown dwarf deficit revisited
• The Transitional Protoplanetary Disk Frequency as a Function of Age: Disk Evolution in the Coronet Cluster, Taurus, and Other 1--8 Myr-old Regions
• A Hybrid Scenario for the Formation of Brown Dwarfs and Very Low Mass Stars
• The Spatial Distribution of Brown Dwarfs in Taurus
• The Disk Fractions of Brown Dwarfs in IC 348 and Chamaeleon I
• The Nature of Transition Circumstellar Disks III. Perseus, Taurus, and Auriga
• Discovery of a Wide Binary Brown Dwarf Born in Isolation
• A discontinuity in the low-mass initial mass function
• Testing the universality of star formation - I. Multiplicity in nearby star-forming regions
• Interferometric Identification of a Pre-Brown Dwarf
• The unusual protoplanetary disk around the T Tauri star ET Cha
• A Herschel Survey of Cold Dust in Disks Around Brown Dwarfs and Low-Mass Stars
• Multiplicity and Optical Excess Across the Substellar Boundary in Taurus
• Hubble and Spitzer Observations of an Edge-on Circumstellar Disk around a Brown Dwarf
• Herschel/PACS Survey of protoplanetary disks in Taurus/Auriga -- Observations of [OI] and [CII], and far infrared continuum
• CARMA interferometric observations of 2MASS J044427+2512: the first spatially resolved observations of thermal emission of a brown dwarf disk
• A Distributed Population of Low Mass Pre-Main Sequence Stars near the Taurus Molecular Clouds
• HST NICMOS Imaging of the Planetary-mass Companion to the Young Brown Dwarf 2MASS J1207334-393254
• Transitional disks and their origins: an infrared spectroscopic survey of Orion A
• New Very Low Mass Binaries in the Taurus Star-Forming Region
• Structural and compositional properties of brown dwarf disks: the case of 2MASS J04442713+2512164
• On the circum(sub)stellar environment of brown dwarfs in Taurus
• Dynamical Masses for Pre-Main Sequence Stars: A Preliminary Physical Orbit for V773 Tau A
• Dusty disks at the bottom of the IMF
• Testing the universality of star formation - II. Comparing separation distributions of nearby star-forming regions and the field
• Molecular Outflows in the Substellar Domain: Millimeter Observations of Young Very Low Mass Objects in Taurus and rho Ophiuchi
• Protoplanetary Disk Mass Distribution in Young Binaries
• Protoplanetary Disks of T Tauri Binary Systems in the Orion Nebula Cluster
• A Search for Companions to Brown Dwarfs in the Taurus and Chamaeleon Star Forming Regions
• The complex protostellar source IRAS 04325+2402
• The Evolution of Circumstellar Disks in Ophiuchus Binaries
• Herschel survey of brown dwarf disks in Rho Ophiuchi
• A Methane Imaging Survey for T Dwarf Candidates in Rho Ophiuchi
• Submillimeter Observations of the Young Low-Mass Object IRAS 04158+2805
• A Surprising Dynamical Mass for V773~Tau~B
• Bayesian fitting of Taurus brown dwarf spectral energy distributions

Cited by in corpus (21)

• Bridging the gap between protoplanetary and debris disks: separate evolution of millimeter and micrometer-sized dust
• Dust masses of disks around 8 Brown Dwarfs and Very Low-Mass Stars in Upper Sco OB1 and Ophiuchus
• Rotation Periods, Inclinations, and Obliquities of Cool Stars Hosting Directly Imaged Substellar Companions: Spin-Orbit Misalignments are Common
• Protoplanetary Disk Masses from Radiative Transfer Modeling: A Case Study in Taurus
• Formation of Wide Binaries by Turbulent Fragmentation
• The Taurus Boundary of Stellar/Substellar (TBOSS) Survey II. Disk Masses from ALMA Continuum Observations
• Brown Dwarf Binaries from Disintegrating Triple Systems
• Hints for Small Disks around Very Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs
• Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of 2M0441+2301 AabBab: A Quadruple System Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Mass Regimes
• Brown dwarf disks with Herschel: Linking far-infrared and (sub)-mm fluxes
• An ALMA Survey of Chemistry in Disks around M4-M5 Stars
• A homogeneous analysis of disks around brown dwarfs
• A Mid-Infrared Study of Directly-Imaged Planetary-Mass Companions using Archival Spitzer/IRAC Images
• Circumstellar discs: What will be next?
• Two confirmed class I very low-mass objects in Taurus
• The Nature of Class I Sources: Periodic Variables in Orion
• Twisted magnetic field in star formation processes of L1521 F revealed by submillimeter dual band polarimetry using James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
• The extremely truncated circumstellar disc of V410 X-ray 1: a precursor to TRAPPIST-1?
• Near-Infrared Polarization from Unresolved Disks Around Brown Dwarfs and Young Stellar Objects
• Dynamic Photometric Variability in Three Young Brown Dwarfs in Taurus: Detection of Optical Flares with TESS data
• Substellar candidates at the earliest stages: the SUCANES database