Dust masses of disks around 8 Brown Dwarfs and Very Low-Mass Stars in Upper Sco OB1 and Ophiuchus

Abstract

We present the results of ALMA band 7 observations of dust and CO gas in the disks around 7 objects with spectral types ranging between M5.5 and M7.5 in Upper Scorpius OB1, and one M3 star in Ophiuchus. We detect unresolved continuum emission in all but one source, and the ${}^{12}$CO J=3-2 line in two sources. We constrain the dust and gas content of these systems using a grid of models calculated with the radiative transfer code MCFOST, and find disk dust masses between 0.1 and 1 M${}_{\oplus }$, suggesting that the stellar mass / disk mass correlation can be extrapolated for brown dwarfs with masses as low as 0.05 M${}_{\odot }$. The one disk in Upper Sco in which we detect CO emission, 2MASS J15555600, is also the disk with warmest inner disk as traced by its H - [4.5] photometric color. Using our radiative transfer grid, we extend the correlation between stellar luminosity and mass-averaged disk dust temperature originally derived for stellar mass objects to the brown dwarf regime to $⟨T_{dust}⟩\approx 22(L_{\ast }/L_{\odot }{)}^{0.16}K$, applicable to spectral types of M5 and later. This is slightly shallower than the relation for earlier spectral type objects and yields warmer low-mass disks. The two prescriptions cross at 0.27 L${}_{\odot }$, corresponding to masses between 0.1 and 0.2 M${}_{\odot }$ depending on age.

9 pages,6 figures, accepted to ApJ on 26/01/2016

References in corpus (10)

• New evolutionary models for pre-main sequence and main sequence low-mass stars down to the hydrogen-burning limit
• Monte Carlo radiative transfer in protoplanetary disks
• Exploring brown dwarf disks: A 1.3 mm survey in Taurus
• A Large-Area Search for Low-Mass Objects in Upper Scorpius II: Age and Mass Distributions
• Young, Low-Mass Brown Dwarfs with Mid-Infrared Excesses
• Brown dwarf disks with ALMA
• An ALMA Continuum Survey of Circumstellar Disks in the Upper Scorpius OB Association
• Structural and compositional properties of brown dwarf disks: the case of 2MASS J04442713+2512164
• Diversity in the outcome of dust radial drift in protoplanetary discs
• The Taurus Boundary of Stellar/Substellar (TBOSS) Survey I: far-IR disk emission measured with Herschel

Cited by in corpus (56)

• A Steeper than Linear Disk Mass-Stellar Mass Scaling Relation
• Observations of Protoplanetary Disk Structures
• On the diversity and statistical properties of protostellar discs
• ALMA Observations of Circumstellar Disks in the Upper Scorpius OB Association
• The Ophiuchus DIsc Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA) - I : project description and continuum images at 28 au resolution
• Observations of edge-on protoplanetary disks with ALMA I. Results from continuum data
• Physical properties of dusty protoplanetary disks in Lupus: evidence for viscous evolution?
• An ALMA Survey of CO isotopologue emission from Protoplanetary Disks in Chamaeleon I
• Measurement of Circumstellar Disk Sizes in the Upper Scorpius OB Association with ALMA
• A stellar mass dependence of structured disks: a possible link with exoplanet demographics
• A cavity and further radial substructures in the disk around HD~97048
• Brown dwarf disks with ALMA: evidence for truncated dust disks in Ophiuchus
• Are Inner Disc Misalignments Common? ALMA Reveals an Isotropic Outer Disc Inclination Distribution for Young Dipper Stars
• Size and structures of disks around very low mass stars in the Taurus star-forming region
• A survey of the linear polarization of directly imaged exoplanets and brown dwarf companions with SPHERE-IRDIS. First polarimetric detections revealing disks around DH Tau B and GSC 6214-210 B
• Diverse outcomes of planet formation and composition around low-mass stars and brown dwarfs
• Protoplanetary Disk Masses from Radiative Transfer Modeling: A Case Study in Taurus
• ALMA Measurements of Circumstellar Material in the GQ Lup System
• Demographics of disks around young very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in Lupus
• The effect of radiative feedback on disc fragmentation
• ALMA study of the HD 100453 AB system and the tidal interaction of the companion with the disk
• The Taurus Boundary of Stellar/Substellar (TBOSS) Survey II. Disk Masses from ALMA Continuum Observations
• On the underestimation of dust mass in protoplanetary disks: Effects of disk structure and dust properties
• Hints for Small Disks around Very Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs
• First millimeter detection of the disk around a young, isolated, planetary-mass object
• HST Scattered Light Imaging and Modeling of the Edge-on Protoplanetary Disk ESO-H$\alpha$ 569
• A bright inner disk and structures in the transition disk around the very low-mass star CIDA 1
• Circumbinary and circumstellar discs around the eccentric binary IRAS 04158+2805 -- a testbed for binary-disc interaction
• ALMA Observations of the Young Substellar Binary System 2M1207
• An Explanation of the Very Low Radio Flux of Young Planet-mass Companions
• ALMA 0.88 mm Survey of Disks around Planetary-mass Companions
• An upper limit on the mass of the circumplanetary disk for DH Tau b
• Resolved millimeter-dust continuum cavity around the very low mass young star CIDA 1
• Determining Dust Properties in Protoplanetary Disks: SED-derived Masses and Settling With ALMA
• Brown dwarf disks with Herschel: Linking far-infrared and (sub)-mm fluxes
• Probing protoplanetary disk evolution in the Chamaeleon II region
• The Planet Formation Potential Around a 45 Myr old Accreting M Dwarf
• Spectral library of age-benchmark low-mass stars and brown dwarfs
• Disk Masses and Dust Evolution of Protoplanetary Disks Around Brown Dwarfs
• An ALMA Survey of Chemistry in Disks around M4-M5 Stars
• ALMA Super-resolution Imaging of T Tau: r = 12 au Gap in the Compact Dust Disk around T Tau N
• Planet gap opening across stellar masses
• Millimeter Spectral Indices and Dust Trapping By Planets in Brown Dwarf Disks
• Thermochemical modelling of brown dwarf discs
• Testing protoplanetary disc evolution with CO fluxes. A proof of concept in Lupus and Upper Sco
• VLA observations of the disk around the young brown dwarf 2MASS J044427+2512
• High-resolution survey for planetary companions to young stars in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
• An SMA Continuum Survey of Circumstellar Disks in the Serpens Star-Forming Region
• Chemical enrichment of the planet forming region as probed by accretion
• ALMA observations of the early stages of substellar formation in the Lupus 1 and 3 molecular clouds
• Dust mass in protoplanetary disks with porous dust opacities
• Low-resolution near-infrared spectroscopic signatures of unresolved ultracool companions to M dwarfs
• The extremely truncated circumstellar disc of V410 X-ray 1: a precursor to TRAPPIST-1?
• A multiwavelength analysis of the spiral arms in the protoplanetary disk around WaOph 6
• New constraints on the presence of debris disks around G 196-3 B and VHS J125601.92-125723.9 b
• The Perkins INfrared Exosatellite Survey (PINES) I. Survey Overview, Reduction Pipeline, and Early Results