High-resolution survey for planetary companions to young stars in the Taurus Molecular Cloud

Abstract

Direct imaging in the infrared at the diffraction limit of large telescopes is a unique probe of the properties of young planetary systems. We survey 55 single class I and class II stars in Taurus in the L' filter using natural and laser guide star adaptive optics and the near-infrared camera (NIRC2) of the Keck II telescope, in order to search for planetary mass companions. We use both reference star differential imaging and kernel phase techniques, achieving typical 5-sigma contrasts of ~6 magnitudes at separations of 0.2" and ~8 magnitudes beyond 0.5". Although we do not detect any new faint companions, we constrain the frequency of wide separation massive planets, such as HR 8799 analogues. We find that, assuming hot-start models and a planet distribution with power-law mass and semi-major axis indices of -0.5 and -1, respectively, less than 20% of our target stars host planets with masses >2 MJ at separations >10 AU.

16 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

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• The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph for JWST -- V. Kernel Phase Imaging and Data Analysis
• Detecting Exoplanets Closer to Stars with Moderate Spectral Resolution Integral-Field Spectroscopy
• NICMOS Kernel-Phase Interferometry I: Catalogue of Brown Dwarfs Observed in F110W and F170M
• The ExoGRAVITY survey: A K-band spectral library of giant exoplanet and brown dwarf companions
• Constraints on Planets in Nearby Young Moving Groups Detectable by High-Contrast Imaging and Gaia Astrometry
• Studying the chemical and kinematical structures of dense cores TMC-1C, L1544, and TMC-1 in the Taurus molecular cloud using the CCS and NH3 observations