Constraints on Planets in Nearby Young Moving Groups Detectable by High-Contrast Imaging and Gaia Astrometry
arXiv:2101.11130 · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2769
Abstract
The formation of giant planets is best studied through direct imaging by observing planets both during and after formation. Giant planets are expected to form either by core accretion, which is typically associated with low initial entropy (cold-start models) or by gravitational instability, which corresponds to a high initial entropy of the gas (hot-start models). Thus, constraining the initial entropy provides insight into the planet formation mechanism and determines the resultant brightness evolution. We find that, by observing planets in nearby moving groups of known age both through direct imaging and astrometry with Gaia, it will be possible to constrain the initial entropy of giant planets. We simulate a set of planetary systems in stars in nearby moving groups identified by BANYAN and assume a model for planet distribution consistent with radial velocity detections. We find that Gaia should be able to detect approximately 50% of planets in nearby moving groups greater than ~0.3 M. Using 5 contrast limits of current and future instruments, we calculate the flux uncertainty, and using models for the evolution of the planet brightness, we convert this to an initial entropy uncertainty. We find that, for future instruments such as MICADO and METIS on E-ELT and VIKiNG with VLTI, the entropy uncertainty is less than 0.5 /baryon, showing that these instruments should be able to distinguish between hot and cold-start models.
arXiv commentFinal version, submitted to MNRAS
References in corpus (44)
- Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
- Angular Differential Imaging: a Powerful High-Contrast Imaging Technique
- Discovery of a planetary-mass companion within the gap of the transition disk around PDS 70
- Giant Planet Occurrence in the Stellar Mass-Metallicity Plane
- A probable giant planet imaged in the Beta Pictoris disk
- Discovery and spectroscopy of the young Jovian planet 51 Eri b with the Gemini Planet Imager
- BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN multivariate Bayesian algorithm to identify members of young associations within 150 pc
- A self-consistent, absolute isochronal age scale for young moving groups in the solar neighbourhood
- On the Luminosity of Young Jupiters
- A new algorithm for point spread function subtraction in high-contrast imaging: a demonstration with angular differential imaging
- The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey: Giant Planet and Brown Dwarf Demographics From 10-100 AU
- Spectral and Photometric Diagnostics of Giant Planet Formation Scenarios
- Astrometric exoplanet detection with Gaia
- Characterization of exoplanets from their formation I: Models of combined planet formation and evolution
- A New Planet Around an M Dwarf: Revealing a Correlation Between Exoplanets and Stellar Mass
- LkCa 15: A Young Exoplanet Caught at Formation?
- Models of Jupiter's Growth Incorporating Thermal and Hydrodynamic Constraints
- The Tucana/Horologium, Columba, AB Doradus, and Argus Associations: New Members and Dusty Debris Disks
- Hints for a Turnover at the Snow Line in the Giant Planet Occurrence Rate
- A Circumplanetary Disk Around PDS70c
- 55 Cancri (Copernicus): A Multi-Planet System with a Hot Super-Earth and a Jupiter Analogue
- Retired A Stars and Their Companions. III. Comparing the Mass-Period Distributions of Planets Around A-Type Stars and Sun-Like Stars
- Extrasolar planet population synthesis II: Statistical comparison with observation
- Accreting Circumplanetary Disks: Observational Signatures
- The nearest young moving groups
- Constraining the initial entropy of directly-detected exoplanets
- First direct detection of an exoplanet by optical interferometry; Astrometry and K-band spectroscopy of HR8799 e
- The UK Met Office GCM with a sophisticated radiation scheme applied to the hot Jupiter HD 209458b
- Kernel-Phase in Fizeau Inteferometry
- The Nearby, Young, Argus Association: Membership, Age, and Dusty Debris Disks
- The GALEX Nearby Young-Star Survey
- Evolution of Gas Giant Entropy During Formation by Runaway Accretion
- The SPHERE infrared survey for exoplanets (SHINE) -- II. Observations, Data reduction and analysis Detection performances and early-results
- Characterizing the performance of the NIRC2 vortex coronagraph at W.M. Keck Observatory
- ACRONYM III: Radial Velocities for 336 Candidate Young Low-Mass Stars in the Solar Neighborhood, Including 78 Newly Confirmed Young Moving Group Members
- The path towards high-contrast imaging with the VLTI: the Hi-5 project
- The First Dynamical Mass Measurement in the HR 8799 System
- Astrometry and exoplanets in the Gaia era: a Bayesian approach to detection and parameter recovery
- Direct imaging of sub-Jupiter mass exoplanets with James Webb Space Telescope coronagraphy
- Kernel-nulling for a robust direct interferometric detection of extrasolar planets
- Searching for young Jupiter analogs around AP Col: L-band high-contrast imaging of the closest pre-main sequence star
- Exoplanet Populations and their Dependence on Host Star Properties
- High-resolution survey for planetary companions to young stars in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
- The Likelihood of Detecting Young Giant Planets with High Contrast Imaging and Interferometry