A probable giant planet imaged in the Beta Pictoris disk

Abstract

Since the discovery of its dusty disk in 1984, Beta Pictoris has become the prototype of young early-type planetary systems, and there are now various indications that a massive Jovian planet is orbiting the star at ~ 10 AU. However, no planets have been detected around this star so far. Our goal was to investigate the close environment of Beta Pic, searching for planetary companion(s). Deep adaptive-optics L'-band images of Beta Pic were recorded using the NaCo instrument at the Very Large Telescope. A faint point-like signal is detected at a projected distance of ~ 8 AU from the star, within the North-East side of the dust disk. Various tests were made to rule out with a good confidence level possible instrumental or atmospheric artifacts. The probability of a foreground or background contaminant is extremely low, based in addition on the analysis of previous deep Hubble Space Telescope images. The object L'=11.2 apparent magnitude would indicate a typical temperature of ~1500 K and a mass of ~ 8 Jovian masses. If confirmed, it could explain the main morphological and dynamical peculiarities of the Beta Pic system. The present detection is unique among A-stars by the proximity of the resolved planet to its parent star. Its closeness and location inside the Beta Pic disk suggest a formation process by core accretion or disk instabilities rather than a binary-like formation process.

5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. A&A Letters, in press

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• High-contrast detection of exoplanets with a kernel-nuller at the VLTI
• Future Exoplanet Research: Science Questions and How to Address Them
• ISPY -- NaCo Imaging Survey for Planets around Young stars. CenteR: the impact of centering and frame selection
• VLT/SPHERE survey for exoplanets around young, early-type stars including systems with multi-belt architectures
• Exocomet orbital distribution around $\beta$ Pictoris
• Effects of Rotation on the Spectra of Brown Dwarfs
• The mid-infrared spectrum of $\beta$ Pictoris b. First VLTI/MATISSE interferometric observations of an exoplanet
• HD 143811 AB b: A Directly Imaged Planet Orbiting a Spectroscopic Binary in Sco-Cen
• Planet Search with the Keck/NIRC2 Vortex Coronagraph in Ms-band for Vega
• A High-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey of Directly Imaged Companion Hosts: II. Diversity in C/O Ratios among Host Stars
• The Disks In Scorpius-Centaurus Survey (DISCS) I: Four Newly-Resolved Debris Disks in Polarized Intensity Light
• A Kinematic History of Stellar Encounters with Beta Pictoris
• Studies of Expolanets and Solar Systems with SPICA
• Finger on the pulse of asteroseismology
• Direct Imaging Discovery of Giant Exoplanet $\beta$ Pictoris d: A Decade-Long Game of Hide-and-Seek
• Direct Images of CO2 Absorption in the Atmosphere of a Super-Jupiter: Enhanced Metallicity Suggestive of Formation in a Disk
• Detecting Exoplanets Using Eclipsing Binaries as Natural Starshades
• The $\beta$ Pictoris b Hill sphere transit campaign. Paper II: Searching for the signatures of the $\beta$ Pictoris exoplanets through time delay analysis of the $\delta$ Scuti pulsations
• Disentangling auroral, cloud and magnetic spot driven variability in three early L-dwarfs with HST/WFC3
• Resolving the large exoKuiper belt of the HD 126062 debris disc and extended gas emission in its vicinity
• Photonic mid-infrared nulling for exoplanet detection on a planar chalcogenide platform
• VLTI/MATISSE observations of the hot dust around $\beta$ Pictoris: Observing faint objects with MATISSE
• Constraining the orbit of the possible companion to Beta Pictoris: New deep imaging observations
• Prehistory of Transit Searches
• Keck Observations in the INfrared of Taurus and $\rho$ Oph Exoplanets And Ultracool dwarfs (KOINTREAU) II: Two Young Bound Companions to Ophiuchus Stars