VLT/SPHERE survey for exoplanets around young, early-type stars including systems with multi-belt architectures

Abstract

Dusty debris disks around pre- and main-sequence stars are potential signposts for the existence of planetesimals and exoplanets. Giant planet formation is therefore expected to play a key role in the evolution of the disk. This is indirectly confirmed by extant sub-millimeter near-infrared images of young protoplanetary and cool dusty debris disks around main sequence stars usually showing substantial spatial structures. A majority of recent discoveries of imaged giant planets have been obtained around young, early-type stars hosting a circumstellar disk. In this context, we have carried out a direct imaging program designed to maximize our chances of giant planet discovery and targeting twenty-two young, early-type stars. About half of them show indication of multi-belt architectures. Using the IRDIS dual-band imager and the IFS integral field spectrograph of SPHERE to acquire high-constrast coronagraphic differential near-infrared images, we have conducted a systematic search in the close environment of these young, dusty and early-type stars. We confirmed that companions detected around HIP 34276, HIP 101800 and HIP 117452 are stationary background sources and binary companions. The companion candidates around HIP 8832, HIP 16095 and HIP 95619 are determined as background contamination. For stars for which we infer the presence of debris belts, a theoretical minimum mass for planets required to clear the debris gaps can be calculated . The dynamical mass limit is at least $0.1M_J$ and can exceed $1M_J$. Direct imaging data is typically sensitive to planets down to $\sim 3.6M_J$ at 1 ${}^{\prime \prime }$, and $1.7M_J$ in the best case. These two limits tightly constrain the possible planetary systems present around each target. These systems will be probably detectable with the next generation of planet imagers.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 12 pages, 9 figures

References in corpus (66)

• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• Evolutionary models for cool brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets. The case of HD 20945
• Angular Differential Imaging: a Powerful High-Contrast Imaging Technique
• Images of a fourth planet orbiting HR 8799
• A giant planet imaged in the disk of the young star Beta Pictoris
• Rapid growth of gas-giant cores by pebble accretion
• Optical Images of an Exosolar Planet 25 Light Years from Earth
• Detection and Characterization of Exoplanets and Disks using Projections on Karhunen-Loeve Eigenimages
• SPHERE: the exoplanet imager for the Very Large Telescope
• A probable giant planet imaged in the Beta Pictoris disk
• Discovery and spectroscopy of the young Jovian planet 51 Eri b with the Gemini Planet Imager
• A self-consistent, absolute isochronal age scale for young moving groups in the solar neighbourhood
• A new algorithm for point spread function subtraction in high-contrast imaging: a demonstration with angular differential imaging
• Fundamental limitations of high contrast imaging set by small sample statistics
• Imaging Extrasolar Giant Planets
• A planet on an inclined orbit as an explanation of the warp in the Beta Pictoris disk
• Photometric characterization of exoplanets using angular and spectral differential imaging
• The Tucana/Horologium, Columba, AB Doradus, and Argus Associations: New Members and Dusty Debris Disks
• The Two Modes of Gas Giant Planet Formation
• On planet formation in HL Tau
• Characterization of Dusty Debris Disks: the IRAS and Hipparcos Catalogs
• The VAST Survey - I. Companions and the unexpected X-ray detection of B6-A7 stars
• Probing for Exoplanets Hiding in Dusty Debris Disks: Disk Imaging, Characterization, and Exploration with HST/STIS Multi-Roll Coronagraphy
• A 40 Myr Old Gaseous Circumstellar Disk at 49 Ceti: Massive CO-Rich Comet Clouds at Young A-Type Stars
• Orbital characterization of the βPictoris b giant planet
• Discovery of a young planetary mass companion to the nearby M dwarf VHS J125601.92-125723.9
• The International Deep Planet Survey I. The frequency of wide-orbit massive planets around A-stars
• Spectral and atmospheric characterization of 51 Eridani b using VLT/SPHERE
• Constraining the initial entropy of directly-detected exoplanets
• Nine localised deviations from Keplerian rotation in the DSHARP circumstellar disks: Kinematic evidence for protoplanets carving the gaps
• Performance of the VLT Planet Finder SPHERE II. Data analysis and Results for IFS in laboratory
• A Statistical Analysis of SEEDS and Other High-Contrast Exoplanet Surveys: Massive Planets or Low-Mass Brown Dwarfs?
• The Ages of Early-Type Stars: Strömgren Photometric Methods Calibrated, Validated, Tested, and Applied to Hosts and Prospective Hosts of Directly Imaged Exoplanets
• The VLT/NaCo large program to probe the occurrence of exoplanets and brown dwarfs at wide orbits. IV. Gravitational instability rarely forms wide, giant planets
• M-band Imaging of the HR 8799 Planetary System Using an Innovative LOCI-based Background Subtraction Technique
• Direct exoplanet detection and characterization using the ANDROMEDA method: Performance on VLT/NaCo data
• Dusty Debris Disks as Signposts of Planets: Implications for SIRTF
• Astrometric and photometric accuracies in high contrast imaging: The SPHERE speckle calibration tool (SpeCal)
• Do Two Temperature Debris Disks Have Multiple Belts?
• The International Deep Planet Survey II: The frequency of directly imaged giant exoplanets with stellar mass
• A survey of young, nearby, and dusty stars to understand the formation of wide-orbit giant planets
• Are Planetary Systems Filled to Capacity? A Study Based on Kepler Results
• The VLT/NaCo large program to probe the occurrence of exoplanets and brown dwarfs at wide orbits: II- Survey description, results and performances
• Long range outward migration of giant planets, with application to Fomalhaut b
• beta Pic b position relative to the Debris Disk
• The dust grain size - stellar luminosity trend in debris discs
• The Gemini NICI Planet-Finding Campaign: The Frequency of Giant Planets Around Debris Disk Stars
• SPHERE IRDIS and IFS astrometric strategy and calibration
• The GJ 504 system revisited. Combining interferometric, radial velocity, and high contrast imaging data
• A Direct Imaging Survey of Spitzer detected debris disks: Occurrence of giant planets in dusty systems
• The Measurement, Treatment, and Impact of Spectral Covariance and Bayesian Priors in Integral-Field Spectroscopy of Exoplanets
• Debris Distribution in HD 95086 - A Young Analog of HR 8799
• Gap Clearing by Planets in a Collisional Debris Disk
• Planet formation around stars of various masses: Hot super-Earths
• Young Stars Near Earth: The Octans-Near Association and Castor Moving Group
• MASSIVE: A Bayesian analysis of giant planet populations around low-mass stars
• Adaptive Optics imaging of VHS 1256-1257: A Low Mass Companion to a Brown Dwarf Binary System
• MESS (Multi-purpose Exoplanet Simulation System): A Monte Carlo tool for the statistical analysis and prediction of exoplanets search results
• Exploring the formation by core accretion and the luminosity evolution of directly imaged planets: The case of HIP 65426 b
• The unseen planets of double belt debris disk systems
• The Fate of Scattered Planets
• Prototyping coronagraphs for exoplanet characterization with SPHERE
• New debris disks in nearby young moving groups
• The VAST Survey - IV. A wide brown dwarf companion to the A3V star $\zeta$ Delphini
• Characterizing HR3549B using SPHERE
• Constraining the presence of giant planets in two-belt debris disk systems with VLT/SPHERE direct imaging and dynamical arguments

Cited by in corpus (4)

• BEAST begins: Sample characteristics and survey performance of the B-star Exoplanet Abundance Study
• Limits on the presence of planets in systems with debris disks: HD 92945 and HD 107146
• Characterization of debris disks observed with SPHERE
• The first scattered light images of HD 112810, a faint debris disk in the Sco-Cen association