The VLT/NaCo large program to probe the occurrence of exoplanets and brown dwarfs at wide orbits: II- Survey description, results and performances

Abstract

In anticipation of the VLT/SPHERE planet imager guaranteed time programs, we have conducted a preparatory survey of 86 stars between 2009 and 2013 in order to identify new faint comoving companions to ultimately carry out a comprehensive analysis of the occurence of giant planets and brown dwarf companions at wide (10-2000 AU) orbits around young, solar-type stars. We used NaCo at VLT to explore the occurrence rate of giant planets and brown dwarfs between typically 0.1 and 8''. Diffraction-limited observations in H-band combined with angular differential imaging enabled us to reach primary star-companion brightness ratios as small as 10-6 at 1.5''. 12 systems were resolved as new binaries, including the discovery of a new white dwarf companion to the star HD8049. Around 34 stars, at least one companion candidate was detected in the observed field of view. More than 400 faint sources were detected, 90% of them in 4 crowded fields. With the exception of HD8049B, we did not identify any new comoving companions. The survey also led to spatially resolved images of the thin debris disk around HD\,61005 that have been published earlier. Finally, considering the survey detection limits, we derive a preliminary upper limit on the frequency of giant planets for semi-major axes of [10,2000] AU: typically less than 15% between 100 and 500 AU, and less than 10% between 50 and 500 AU for exoplanets more massive than 5 MJup and 10 MJup respectively, considering a uniform input distribution and with a confidence level of 95%.

19 pages, 8 figures, 12 Tables, accepted to A&A

References in corpus (14)

• Direct Imaging of Multiple Planets Orbiting the Star HR 8799
• Optical Images of an Exosolar Planet 25 Light Years from Earth
• Detection of Carbon Monoxide and Water Absorption Lines in an Exoplanet Atmosphere
• The Gemini Deep Planet Survey -- GDPS
• The Two Modes of Gas Giant Planet Formation
• Direct Imaging and Spectroscopy of a Planetary Mass Candidate Companion to a Young Solar Analog
• Can giant planets form by gravitational fragmentation of discs?
• A novel L-band imaging search for giant planets in the Tucana and Beta Pictoris moving groups
• Discovery of extreme asymmetry in the debris disk surrounding HD 15115
• The VLT/NaCo Large program to probe the occurrence of exoplanets and brown dwarfs in wide orbits: I- Sample definition and characterization
• First scattered light images of debris disks around HD 53143 and HD 139664
• A Survey for Massive Giant Planets in Debris Disks with Evacuated Inner Cavities
• The Cornell High-order Adaptive Optics Survey for Brown Dwarfs in Stellar Systems-II: Results from Monte Carlo Population Analyses
• Filaments in Galactic Winds Driven by Young Stellar Clusters

Cited by in corpus (34)

• Population-Level Eccentricity Distributions of Imaged Exoplanets and Brown Dwarf Companions: Dynamical Evidence for Distinct Formation Channels
• Can dead zones create structures like a transition disk?
• The International Deep Planet Survey II: The frequency of directly imaged giant exoplanets with stellar mass
• The VLT/NaCo Large program to probe the occurrence of exoplanets and brown dwarfs in wide orbits: I- Sample definition and characterization
• Performance of the VLT Planet Finder SPHERE I. Photometry and astrometry precision with IRDIS and IFS in laboratory
• The SPHERE infrared survey for exoplanets (SHINE)- I Sample definition and target characterization
• Close stellar conjunctions of alpha Centauri A and B until 2050 - An mK = 7.8 star may enter the Einstein ring of alpha Cen A in 2028
• The Elusive Majority of Young Moving Groups. I. Young Binaries and Lithium-Rich Stars in the Solar Neighborhood
• The red dwarf pair GJ65AB: inflated, spinning twins of Proxima
• The mass of planet GJ676A b from ground-based astrometry: A planetary system with two mature gas giants suitable for direct imaging
• Dynamical Mass Measurement of the Young Spectroscopic Binary V343 Normae AaAb Resolved With the Gemini Planet Imager
• Results from The COPAINS Pilot Survey: four new brown dwarfs and a high companion detection rate for accelerating stars
• BEAST begins: Sample characteristics and survey performance of the B-star Exoplanet Abundance Study
• A Mini-Neptune from TESS and CHEOPS Around the 120 Myr Old AB Dor member HIP 94235
• ISPY-NACO Imaging Survey for Planets around Young stars. The demographics of forming planets embedded in protoplanetary disks
• Giant planets and brown dwarfs on wide orbits: a code comparison project
• PSYM-WIDE: a survey for large-separation planetary-mass companions to late spectral type members of young moving groups
• A Wide Planetary Mass Companion Discovered Through the Citizen Science Project Backyard Worlds: Planet 9
• New binaries from the SHINE survey
• The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS) I: Motivation, sample, data reduction, and results overview
• TW Hya: an old protoplanetary disc revived by its planet
• A Crystallizing White Dwarf in a Sirius-Like Quadruple System
• A low-mass companion desert among intermediate-mass visual binaries: The scaled-up counterpart to the brown dwarf desert
• A kinematically unbiased, all-sky search for nearby, young, low-mass stars
• Near-IR observations of the young star [BHB2007]-1: A sub-stellar companion opening the gap in the disk
• The SPHERE infrared survey for exoplanets (SHINE). V. Complete observations, data reduction and analysis, detection performances, and final results
• Detecting planetary mass companions near the water frost-line using JWST interferometry
• VLT/SPHERE survey for exoplanets around young, early-type stars including systems with multi-belt architectures
• An optimised survey strategy for the ERIS/NIX imager: searching for young giant exoplanets and very low mass brown dwarfs using the K-peak custom photometric filter
• GTC/CanariCam deep mid-infrared imaging survey of northern stars within 5 pc
• K-Stacker, an algorithm to hack the orbital parameters of planets hidden in high-contrast imaging. First applications to VLT SPHERE multi-epoch observations
• The Rapid Transient Surveyor
• Lessons learned from SPHERE for the astrometric strategy of the next generation of exoplanet imaging instruments
• CD-27 11535: Evidence for a Triple System in the $\beta$ Pictoris Moving Group