The SEEDS High Contrast Imaging Survey of Exoplanets around Young Stellar Objects

Abstract

We present high-contrast observations of 68 young stellar objects (YSOs) explored as part of the SEEDS survey on the Subaru telescope. Our targets are very young ($<$10 Myr) stars, which often harbor protoplanetary disks where planets may be forming. We achieve a typical contrast of $\sim$$10^{-4}$--$10^{-5.5}$ at an angular distance of 1\arcsec\ from the central star, corresponding to typical mass sensitivities (assuming hot-start evolutionary models) of $\sim$10 ${\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{J}}$ at 70 AU and $\sim$6 ${\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{J}}$ at 140 AU. We detected a new stellar companion to HIP 79462 and confirmed the substellar objects GQ Lup b and ROXs 42B b. An additional six companion candidates await follow-up observations to check for common proper motion. Our SEEDS YSO observations probe the population of planets and brown dwarfs at the very youngest ages; these may be compared to the results of surveys targeting somewhat older stars. Our sample and the associated observational results will help enable detailed statistical analyses of giant planet formation.

31pages, 13 figures, accepted to AJ

References in corpus (53)

• Direct Imaging of Multiple Planets Orbiting the Star HR 8799
• Protoplanetary Disk Structures in Ophiuchus
• KEPLER's First Rocky Planet: Kepler-10b
• On the Luminosity of Young Jupiters
• An Optical Spectroscopic Study of T Tauri Stars. I. Photospheric Properties
• The Gemini Deep Planet Survey -- GDPS
• Asymmetric features in the protoplanetary disk MWC758
• On the Diversity of the Taurus Transitional Disks: UX Tau A & Lk Ca 15
• Direct Imaging of Fine Structures in Giant Planet Forming Regions of the Protoplanetary Disk around AB Aurigae
• The Palomar/Keck Adaptive Optics Survey of Young Solar Analogs: Evidence for a Universal Companion Mass Function
• Demographics of Transition Objects
• Nearby debris disk systems with high fractional luminosity reconsidered
• LkH$\alpha$ 330: Evidence for dust clearing through resolved submillimeter imaging
• Mapping the Shores of the Brown Dwarf Desert I.: Upper Scorpius
• Discovery of a Companion Candidate in the HD169142 Transition Disk and the Possibility of Multiple Planet Formation
• The Spitzer c2d Survey of Large, Nearby, Interstellar Clouds. XI. Lupus Observed With IRAC and MIPS
• Hipparcos distances of Ophiuchus and Lupus cloud complexes
• A Statistical Analysis of SEEDS and Other High-Contrast Exoplanet Surveys: Massive Planets or Low-Mass Brown Dwarfs?
• Parameters of Herbig Ae/Be and Vega-type stars
• Discovery of a Disk Gap Candidate at 20 AU in TW Hydrae
• Young Nearby Loose Associations
• Discovery of a wide planetary-mass companion to the young M3 star GU Psc
• Temperaments of young stars: Rapid mass-accretion rate changes in T Tauri and Herbig Ae stars
• The International Deep Planet Survey II: The frequency of directly imaged giant exoplanets with stellar mass
• The VLT/NaCo large program to probe the occurrence of exoplanets and brown dwarfs at wide orbits: II- Survey description, results and performances
• Recovery of the Candidate Protoplanet HD 100546 b with Gemini/NICI and Detection of Additional (Planet-Induced?) Disk Structure at Small Separations
• Subaru Imaging of Asymmetric Features in a Transitional Disk in Upper Scorpius
• The evolution of stars in the Taurus-Auriga T association
• Probing stellar accretion with mid-infrared hydrogen lines
• The Nature of Transition Circumstellar Disks II. Southern Molecular Clouds
• An ALMA Continuum Survey of Circumstellar Disks in the Upper Scorpius OB Association
• Spitzer Spectroscopy of Circumstellar Disks in the 5 Myr Old Upper Scorpius OB Association
• Astrometric and photometric monitoring of GQ Lup and its sub-stellar companion
• Coronae in the Coronet: A very deep X-ray look into a stellar nursery
• The Structure of Protoplanetary Disks Surrounding Three Young Intermediate Mass Stars. I. Resolving the disk rotation in the [OI] 6300 Åline
• Near-IR integral-field spectroscopy of the companion to GQ Lup
• First High-Contrast Science with an Integral Field Spectrograph: the Sub-Stellar Companion to GQ Lup
• A First-Look Atmospheric Modeling Study of the Young Directly-Imaged Planet-Mass Companion, ROXs 42Bb
• Multiplicity of young stars in and around R Corona Australis
• An assessment of Li abundances in weak-lined and classical T Tauri stars of the Taurus-Auriga association
• Stellar parameters and accretion rate of the transition disk star HD 142527 from X-Shooter
• Young stars and brown dwarfs surrounding Alnilam (eps Ori) and Mintaka (del Ori)
• Identification of new transitional disk candidates in Lupus with Herschel
• Using FUV to IR Variability to Probe the Star-Disk Connection in the Transitional Disk of GM Aur
• Discovery of a Circumbinary Disk around Herbig Ae/Be system v892 Tau
• The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: Evidence for radiative heating in Serpens MWC 297 and its influence on local star formation
• Near-IR High-Resolution Imaging Polarimetry of the SU Aur Disk: Clues for Tidal Tails?
• Near-Infrared Imaging Polarimetry of Inner Region of GG Tau A Disk
• The Structure of the DoAr 25 Circumstellar Disk
• The Transitional Disk around IRAS 04125+2902
• VLA Observations of DG Tau's Radio Jet: A highly collimated thermal outflow
• Constraints to the magnetospheric properties of T Tauri stars - II. The Mg II ultraviolet feature
• Disk Dissipation Timescale of Pre-main Sequence Stars in Taurus

Cited by in corpus (45)

• The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey: Giant Planet and Brown Dwarf Demographics From 10-100 AU
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): III. Spiral Structures in the Millimeter Continuum of the Elias 27, IM Lup, and WaOph 6 Disks
• Highly structured disk around the planet host PDS 70 revealed by high-angular resolution observations with ALMA
• Spiral Arms in Disks: Planets or Gravitational Instability?
• Bridging the gap between protoplanetary and debris disks: separate evolution of millimeter and micrometer-sized dust
• A high binary fraction for the most massive close-in giant planets and brown dwarf desert members
• New Young Stars and Brown Dwarfs in the Upper Scorpius Association
• Spatial segregation of dust grains in transition disks. SPHERE observations of 2MASS J16083070-3828268 and RXJ1852.3-3700
• A Dynamical Mass of $70\pm 5$ Jupiter Masses for Gliese 229B, the First T Dwarf
• V1094 Sco: a rare giant multi-ringed disk around a T Tauri star
• Calibration of quasi-static aberrations in exoplanet direct-imaging instruments with a Zernike phase-mask sensor. III. On-sky validation in VLT/SPHERE
• Transition disks: the observational revolution from SEDs to imaging
• An ALMA and MagAO Study of the Substellar Companion GQ Lup B
• A New Standard for Assessing the Performance of High Contrast Imaging Systems
• A Spectroscopic Survey of the Youngest Field Stars in the Solar Neighborhood. II. The optically faint sample
• Constraints on the occurrence and distribution of 1--20 \mj\ companions to stars at separations of 5--5000\,au from a compilation of direct imaging surveys
• A giant planet transiting a 3-Myr protostar with a misaligned disk
• The Planetary Luminosity Problem: "Missing Planets" and the Observational Consequences of Episodic Accretion
• Irregular dust features around intermediate-mass young stars with GPI: signs of youth or misaligned disks?
• SPOTS: The Search for Planets Orbiting Two Stars. III. Complete Sample and Statistical Analysis
• What happened before? -- The disks around the precursors of young Herbig Ae/Be stars
• Subaru/HiCIAO $H{K}_{\mathrm{s}}$ imaging of LkH$\alpha$ 330 - multi-band detection of the gap and spiral-like structures
• Radial Velocity Discovery of an Eccentric Jovian World Orbiting at 18 au
• Occurrence Rates from Direct Imaging Surveys
• K2 reveals pulsed accretion driven by the 2 Myr old hot Jupiter CI Tau b
• Chemical footprints of giant planet formation. Role of planet accretion in shaping the C/O ratio of protoplanetary disks
• Near-Infrared Imaging of a Spiral in the CQ Tau Disk
• Comparing Apples with Apples: Robust Detection Limits for Exoplanet High-Contrast Imaging in the Presence of non-Gaussian Noise
• Constraining accretion signatures of exoplanets in the TW Hya transitional disk
• A Resolved Near-Infrared Image of The Inner Cavity in The GM Aur Transitional Disk
• Multiplicity of stars with planets in the solar neighbourhood
• First Images of the Protoplanetary Disk Around PDS 201
• Gap Opening and Inner Disk Structure in the Strongly Accreting Transition Disk of DM Tau
• The COBREX archival survey: improved constraints on the occurrence rate of wide-orbit substellar companions. I. A uniform re-analysis of 400 stars from the GPIES survey
• The Effect of the Approach to Gas Disk Gravitational Instability on the Rapid Formation of Gas Giant Planets
• BEAST detection of a brown dwarf and a low-mass stellar companion around the young bright B star HIP 81208
• Atmospheric Characterization and Further Orbital Modeling of $\kappa$ And b
• Search for Stellar Flybys in the Sco-Cen OB Association with the Gaia DR2
• Probing Signatures of a Distant Planet around the Young T-Tauri Star CI Tau Hosting a Possible Hot Jupiter
• Orbital Modeling of HII 1348B: An Eccentric Young Substellar Companion in the Pleiades
• Wavelength-Dependent Extinction and Grain Sizes in Dippers
• GTC/CanariCam deep mid-infrared imaging survey of northern stars within 5 pc
• High-contrast integral field spectropolarimetry of planet-forming disks with SCExAO/CHARIS
• Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) XIX. Spiral Arms, a Tail, and Diffuse Structures Traced by CO around the GM Aur Disk
• exoALMA XXIII. Estimating Disk and Planet Properties from Dust Morphologies with DBNets2.0