Transition disks: the observational revolution from SEDs to imaging

Abstract

Protoplanetary disks surrounding young stars are the birth place of planets. Of particular interest are the transition disks with large inner dust cavities of tens of au, hinting at the presence of massive companions. These cavities were first recognized by a deficit in their Spectral Energy Distribution (SED), later confirmed by millimeter interferometry observations. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has truly revolutionized the field of spatially resolved imaging of protoplanetary disks in both dust and gas, providing important hints for the origin of gaps and cavities. At the same time, new types of substructures have been revealed. Also infrared observations show a large range of substructures both in resolved imaging, interferometry and spectroscopy. Since the last review paper of transition disks (Protostars and Planets VI), a huge amount of data has been taken, which led to numerous new insights in the origin of transition disks. In this review I will summarize the observational efforts from the past decade, compare their insights with the predictions from SED modeling, analyze the properties of the transition disk population and discuss their role in general disk evolution.

arXiv commentAccepted review chapter for EPJ+, in press. 38 pages, 16 figures, 5 tables

References in corpus (321)

• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• Some Aspects of Measurement Error in Linear Regression of Astronomical Data
• Protoplanetary Disks and Their Evolution
• First Results from High Angular Resolution ALMA Observations Toward the HL Tau Region
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): I. Motivation, Sample, Calibration, and Overview
• The effects of snowlines on C/O in planetary atmospheres
• Passive irradiated circumstellar disks with an inner hole
• The Mass Dependence Between Protoplanetary Disks and their Stellar Hosts
• Coagulation, fragmentation and radial motion of solid particles in protoplanetary disks
• Protoplanetary Disk Structures in Ophiuchus
• Discovery of a planetary-mass companion within the gap of the transition disk around PDS 70
• Dust coagulation in protoplanetary disks: a rapid depletion of small grains
• Gas- and dust evolution in protoplanetary disks
• Resolved Images of Large Cavities in Protoplanetary Transition Disks
• ALMA Survey of Lupus Protoplanetary Disks I: Dust and Gas Masses
• A Major Asymmetric Dust Trap in a Transition Disk
• Ringed Substructure and a Gap at 1 AU in the Nearest Protoplanetary Disk
• ISO spectroscopy of circumstellar dust in 14 Herbig Ae/Be systems: towards an understanding of dust processing
• Evidence for a developing gap in a 10 Myr old protoplanetary disk
• Gaps and Rings in an ALMA Survey of Disks in the Taurus Star-forming Region
• Spitzer Space Telescope study of disks in the young $\sigma$ Orionis cluster
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): II. Characteristics of Annular Substructures
• Photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs II: evolutionary models and observable properties
• The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey: Giant Planet and Brown Dwarf Demographics From 10-100 AU
• Two accreting protoplanets around the young star PDS 70
• Observations of IC348: The Disk Population at 2-3 Million Years
• A Steeper than Linear Disk Mass-Stellar Mass Scaling Relation
• The effect of dust settling on the appearance of protoplanetary disks
• Ring shaped dust accumulation in transition disks
• Effects of Dust Growth and Settling in T Tauri Disks
• Observations of Protoplanetary Disk Structures
• Dust Filtration by Planet-Induced Gap Edges: Implications for Transitional Disks
• CSI 2264: Simultaneous optical and infrared light curves of young disk-bearing stars in NGC 2264 with CoRoT and Spitzer-- evidence for multiple origins of variability
• Dust Properties of Protoplanetary Disks in the Taurus-Auriga Star Forming Region from Millimeter Wavelengths
• Radiation thermo-chemical models of protoplanetary disks I. Hydrostatic disk structure and inner rim
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP) VI: Dust trapping in thin-ringed protoplanetary disks
• Observations of gas flows inside a protoplanetary gap
• Gaps, Rings, and Non-Axisymmetric Structures in Protoplanetary Disks - From Simulations to ALMA Observations
• Trapping dust particles in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks
• Disks ARound TTauri Stars with Sphere (DARTTS-S) I: Sphere / IRDIS Polarimetric Imaging of 8 prominent TTauri Disks
• A Kinematical Detection of Two Embedded Jupiter Mass Planets in HD 163296
• An ALMA Survey of Protoplanetary Disks in the $\sigma$ Orionis Cluster
• Dust filtration at gap edges: Implications for the spectral energy distributions of discs with embedded planets
• Debris Disks: Structure, Composition, and Variability
• CASSIS: The Cornell Atlas of Spitzer/IRS Sources
• Kinematic evidence for an embedded protoplanet in a circumstellar disc
• Mapping the Shores of the Brown Dwarf Desert II: Multiple Star Formation in Taurus-Auriga
• Accreting Protoplanets in the LkCa 15 Transition Disk
• ALMA Observations of Circumstellar Disks in the Upper Scorpius OB Association
• Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) I: Program Overview and Highlights
• On the Diversity of the Taurus Transitional Disks: UX Tau A & Lk Ca 15
• Protoplanetary disk lifetimes vs stellar mass and possible implications for giant planet populations
• Transitional and Pre-Transitional disks: Gap Opening by Multiple Planets?
• Protoplanetary disc evolution and dispersal: the implications of X-ray photoevaportion
• The warm gas atmosphere of the HD 100546 disk seen by Herschel (Evidence of a gas-rich, carbon-poor atmosphere?)
• Gas Flow Across Gaps in Protoplanetary Disks
• The Truncated Disk of CoKu Tau/4
• Compact Disks in a High Resolution ALMA Survey of Dust Structures in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
• Complex organic molecules in protoplanetary disks
• Shadows cast by a warp in the HD 142527 protoplanetary disk
• Astrochemistry and compositions of planetary systems
• Spectro-astrometric imaging of molecular gas within protoplanetary disk gaps
• ALMA unveils rings and gaps in the protoplanetary system HD 169142: signatures of two giant protoplanets
• Disk eccentricity and embedded planets
• Large-Scale Asymmetries in the Transitional Disks of SAO 206462 and SR 21
• Large dust particles in disks around T Tauri stars
• A Spitzer survey of mid-infrared molecular emission from protoplanetary disks I: Detection rates
• Resolved gas cavities in transitional disks inferred from CO isotopologues with ALMA
• Survival of molecular gas in cavities of transition disks (I. CO)
• The SPHERE infrared survey for exoplanets (SHINE). III. The demographics of young giant exoplanets below 300 au with SPHERE
• Observational Signatures of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks II: Spiral Arms Observed in Scattered Light Imaging Can be Induced by Planets
• The Ophiuchus DIsc Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA) - I : project description and continuum images at 28 au resolution
• Demographics of Transition Objects
• First detection of gas-phase methanol in a protoplanetary disk
• A Test of Pre-Main Sequence Evolutionary Models Across the Stellar/Substellar Boundary Based on Spectra of the Young Quadruple GG Tau
• The Disk Around CoKu Tau/4: Circumbinary, not Transitional
• Transitional Disks as Signposts of Young, Multiplanet Systems
• LkH$\alpha$ 330: Evidence for dust clearing through resolved submillimeter imaging
• Desorption rates and sticking coefficients for CO and N2 interstellar ices
• Evidence for dust clearing through resolved submillimeter imaging
• The Structure of Spiral Shocks Excited by Planetary-mass Companions
• Mapping the Shores of the Brown Dwarf Desert I.: Upper Scorpius
• The Spitzer c2d Survey of Weak-line T Tauri Stars II: New Constraints on the Timescale for Planet Building
• The Disk Population of the Chamaeleon I Star-Forming Region
• Dust Evolution in Protoplanetary Disks
• Evidence for a correlation between mass accretion rates onto young stars and the mass of their protoplanetary disks
• A Spatially Resolved Inner Hole in the Disk around GM Aurigae
• Possible planet-forming regions on submillimetre images
• Gaia DR2 study of Herbig Ae/Be stars
• A Spitzer IRS Study of Infrared Variability in Transitional and Pre-Transitional Disks around T Tauri Stars
• Giant planet migration, disk evolution, and the origin of transitional disks
• Kinematic detection of a planet carving a gap in a protoplanetary disc
• Circumbinary, not transitional: On the spiral arms, cavity, shadows, fast radial flows, streamers and horseshoe in the HD142527 disc
• The origin of crystalline silicates in the Herbig Be star HD100546 and in comet Hale-Bopp
• Dust depleted inner disks in a large sample of transition disks through long-baseline ALMA observations
• Cold Disks: Spitzer Spectroscopy of Disks around Young Stars with Large Gaps
• Small vs large dust grains in transitional disks: do different cavity sizes indicate a planet?
• A Spitzer Census of Transitional Protoplanetary Disks with AU-Scale Inner Holes
• The Eccentric Cavity, Triple Rings, Two-Armed Spirals, and Double Clumps of the MWC 758 Disk
• Gas density drops inside dust cavities of transitional disks around young stars observed with ALMA
• Close Companions to Young Stars. I. A Large Spectroscopic Survey in Chamaeleon I and Taurus-Auriga
• Resolving the inner dust disks surrounding LkCa 15 and MWC 480 at mm wavelengths
• On the gas content of transitional disks: a VLT/X-Shooter study of accretion and winds
• Structure of Herbig AeBe disks at the milliarcsecond scale A statistical survey in the H band using PIONIER-VLTI
• Investigating planet formation in circumstellar disks: CARMA observations of RY Tau and DG Tau
• Disk Evolution in the three Nearby Star-Forming Regions of Taurus, Chamaeleon, and Ophiuchus
• The Spitzer c2d Survey of Large, Nearby, Interstellar Clouds. XI. Lupus Observed With IRAC and MIPS
• Images of Embedded Jovian Planet Formation At A Wide Separation Around AB Aurigae
• An Inner Hole in the Disk around TW Hydrae Resolved in 7 Millimeter Dust Emission
• Accretion dynamics and disk evolution in NGC 2264: a study based on the Corot photometric observations
• The Nature of Transition Circumstellar Disks I. The Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud
• GALARIO: a GPU Accelerated Library for Analysing Radio Interferometer Observations
• Local Enhancement of Surface Density in the Protoplanetary Ring Surrounding HD 142527
• Protoplanetary disk rings and gaps across ages and luminosities
• A Multi-Ringed, Modestly-Inclined Protoplanetary Disk around AA Tau
• Resolving the HD 100546 Protoplanetary System with the Gemini Planet Imager: Evidence for Multiple Forming, Accreting Planets
• Structure and kinematics of the Taurus star-forming region from Gaia-DR2 and VLBI astrometry
• The dispersal of protoplanetary discs I: A new generation of X-ray photoevaporation models
• A Spitzer c2d Legacy Survey to Identify and Characterize Disks with Inner Dust Holes
• An azimuthal asymmetry in the LkHa 330 disk
• Gas structure inside dust cavities of transition disks: Oph IRS 48 observed by ALMA
• Identifying gaps in flaring Herbig Ae/Be disks using spatially resolved mid-infrared imaging. Are all group I disks transitional?
• A companion candidate in the gap of the T Cha transitional disk
• CO Depletion in Protoplanetary Disks: A Unified Picture Combining Physical Sequestration and Chemical Processing
• Planet-forming material in a protoplanetary disc: the interplay between chemical evolution and pebble drift
• The complex structure of the disk around HD100546: the inner few astronomical units
• Thermal desorption characteristics of CO, O2 and CO2 on non-porous water, crystalline water and silicate surfaces at sub-monolayer and multilayer coverages
• The Dispersal of Protoplanetary Disks
• Dust Trapping by Vortices in Transitional Disks: Evidence for Non-ideal MHD Effects in Protoplanetary Disks
• Can grain growth explain transition disks?
• Can dead zones create structures like a transition disk?
• The missing cavities in the SEEDS polarized scattered light images of transitional protoplanetary disks: a generic disk model
• Lopsided dust rings in transition disks
• The Ophiuchus DIsc Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA)-III: the evolution of substructures in massive discs at 3-5 au resolution
• New insights into the nature of transition disks from a complete disk survey of the Lupus star forming region
• SONS: The JCMT legacy survey of debris discs in the submillimetre
• Analysis of the Herschel DEBRIS Sun-like star sample
• An Enigmatic Pointlike Feature within the HD 169142 Transitional Disk
• On the origin of horseshoes in transitional discs
• Evolution of protoplanetary disks from their taxonomy in scattered light: spirals, rings, cavities, and shadows
• Grain Growth in the Circumstellar Disks of the Young Stars CY Tau and DoAr 25
• Planet Formation in AB Aurigae: Imaging of the inner gaseous Spirals observed inside the Dust Cavity
• Giant Planet Formation, Evolution, and Internal Structure
• Characterizing the dust content of disk substructures in TW Hya
• Resolved young binary systems and their disks
• Signatures of broken protoplanetary discs in scattered light and in sub-millimetre observations
• On the diversity of asymmetries in gapped protoplanetary disks
• Imaging diagnostics for transitional discs
• Evidence for a massive dust-trapping vortex connected to spirals: a multi-wavelength analysis of the HD~135344B protoplanetary disk
• A compact concentration of large grains in the HD142527 protoplanetary dust trap
• The complex morphology of the young disk MWC 758: Spirals and dust clumps around a large cavity
• Homogeneous Analysis of the Dust Morphology of Transition Disks Observed with ALMA: Investigating dust trapping and the origin of the cavities
• Gap Opening in 3D: Single Planet Gaps
• Discovery of a point-like source and a third spiral arm in the transition disk around the Herbig Ae star MWC 758
• The Transitional Protoplanetary Disk Frequency as a Function of Age: Disk Evolution in the Coronet Cluster, Taurus, and Other 1--8 Myr-old Regions
• Tracing the inner edge of the disk around HD 100546 with Ro-vibrational CO Emission Lines
• A Close-up View of the Young Circumbinary Disk HD 142527
• No Clear, Direct Evidence for Multiple Protoplanets Orbiting LkCa 15: LkCa 15 bcd are Likely Inner Disk Signals
• A stellar mass dependence of structured disks: a possible link with exoplanet demographics
• Inferring Planet Mass from Spiral Structures in Protoplanetary Disks
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): X. Multiple rings, a misaligned inner disk, and a bright arc in the disk around the T Tauri star HD 143006
• Hints for icy pebble migration feeding an oxygen-rich chemistry in the inner planet-forming region of disks
• Single peaked CO emission line profiles from the inner regions of protoplanetary disks
• Spitzer Spectroscopy of the Transition Object TW Hya
• The structure of disks around intermediate-mass young stars from mid-infrared interferometry. Evidence for a population of group II disks with gaps
• Evidence for CO depletion in the inner regions of gas-rich protoplanetary disks
• Inclined Massive Planets in a Protoplanetary Disc: Gap Opening, Disc Breaking, and Observational Signatures
• A multi-frequency ALMA characterization of substructures in the GM Aur protoplanetary disk
• Searching for circumplanetary disks around LkCa 15
• An M-dwarf star in the transition disk of Herbig HD 142527; Physical parameters and orbital elements
• ALMA survey of Class II protoplanetary disks in Corona Australis: a young region with low disk masses
• The Nature of Transition Circumstellar Disks III. Perseus, Taurus, and Auriga
• Optical Characterization of a New Young Stellar Population in the Serpens Molecular Cloud
• Evidence for Dynamical Changes in a Transitional Protoplanetary Disk with Mid-infrared Variability
• Spiral arms in the proto-planetary disc HD100453 detected with ALMA: evidence for binary-disc interaction and a vertical temperature gradient
• The DSHARP Rings: Evidence of Ongoing Planetesimal Formation?
• An empirical sequence of disk gap opening revealed by rovibrational CO
• An Empirical Planetesimal Belt Radius - Stellar Luminosity Relation
• Two populations of transition discs?
• Fast Radial Flows in Transition Disk Holes
• The VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Orion Protostars. III. Substructures in Protostellar Disks
• Dust-trapping vortices and a potentially planet-triggered spiral wake in the pre-transitional disk of V1247 Orionis
• An Optical/near-infrared investigation of HD 100546 b with the Gemini Planet Imager and MagAO
• Disks Around T Tauri Stars with SPHERE (DARTTS-S) II: Twenty-one new polarimetric images of young stellar disks
• An Observational Perspective of Transitional Disks
• High gas/dust size ratio indicating efficient radial drift in the mm-faint CX Tau disk
• The (w)hole survey: an unbiased sample study of transition disk candidates based on Spitzer catalogs
• Bridging the gap between protoplanetary and debris disks: separate evolution of millimeter and micrometer-sized dust
• Spatial separation of small and large grains in the transitional disk around the young star IRS 48
• Comparison of the dust and gas radial structure in the transition disk [PZ99] J160421.7-213028
• Resolving the planet-hosting inner regions of the LkCa 15 disk
• Multi-wavelength continuum sizes of protoplanetary discs: scaling relations and implications for grain growth and radial drift
• The Nature of Transition Circumstellar Disks II. Southern Molecular Clouds
• Investigation of the inner structures around HD169142 with VLT/SPHERE
• Grain growth signatures in the protoplanetary discs of Chamaeleon and Lupus
• Inferring giant planets from ALMA millimeter continuum and line observations in (transition) disks
• Perturbers: SPHERE detection limits to planetary-mass companions in protoplanetary disks
• A concentration of centimeter-sized grains in the Oph IRS 48 dust trap
• Evolution of protoplanetary disks from their taxonomy in scattered light: Group I vs. Group II
• Variable Outer Disk Shadowing Around the Dipper Star RX J1604.3-2130
• The Long-Lived Disks in the Eta Chamaeleontis Cluster
• Vortices and spirals in the HD135344B transition disk
• Annular substructures in the transition disks around LkCa 15 and J1610
• Are Inner Disc Misalignments Common? ALMA Reveals an Isotropic Outer Disc Inclination Distribution for Young Dipper Stars
• Infrared Variability of Evolved Protoplanetary Disks: Evidence for Scale Height Variations in the Inner Disk
• The GRAVITY Young Stellar Object survey -- I. Probing the disks of Herbig Ae/Be stars in terrestrial orbits
• Millimetre spectral indices of transition disks and their relation to the cavity radius
• Hints on the origins of particle traps in protoplanetary disks given by the $M_{\mathrm{dust}}-M_{\star }$ relation
• The dispersal of protoplanetary discs. II: Photoevaporation models with observationally derived irradiating spectra
• The Sizes and Depletions of the Dust and Gas Cavities in the Transitional Disk J160421.7-213028
• The Disc Miner I: A statistical framework to detect and quantify kinematical perturbations driven by young planets in discs
• Long Baseline Observations of the HD100546 Protoplanetary Disk with ALMA
• Planet or Brown Dwarf? Inferring the Companion Mass in HD 100546 from the Wall Shape using Mid-Infrared Interferometry
• A major asymmetric ice trap in a planet-forming disk: I. Formaldehyde and methanol
• The SEEDS High Contrast Imaging Survey of Exoplanets around Young Stellar Objects
• Size and structures of disks around very low mass stars in the Taurus star-forming region
• Spatial segregation of dust grains in transition disks. SPHERE observations of 2MASS J16083070-3828268 and RXJ1852.3-3700
• A 30 AU radius CO gas hole in the disk around the Herbig Ae star Oph IRS 48
• A major asymmetric ice trap in a planet-forming disk: III. First detection of dimethyl ether
• The widest H$\alpha$ survey of accreting protoplanets around nearby transition disks
• A dust and gas cavity in the disc around CQ Tau revealed by ALMA
• Multiple rings in the transitional disk of GM Aurigae revealed by VLA and ALMA
• Constraining the structure of the transition disk HD 135344B (SAO 206462) by simultaneous modeling of multiwavelength gas and dust observations
• Differences in the gas and dust distribution in the transitional disk of a sun-like young star, PDS 70
• Resolving the gap and AU-scale asymmetries in the pre-transitional disk of V1247 Orionis
• Rossby Wave Instability in Astrophysical Discs
• Ruling out Stellar Companions and Resolving the Innermost Regions of Transitional Disks with the Keck Interferometer
• A dusty filament and turbulent CO spirals in HD135344B-SAO206462
• Resolved images of the protoplanetary disk around HD 100546 with ALMA
• Signatures of an eccentric disc cavity: Dust and gas in IRS 48
• Mapping the shores of the brown dwarf desert. IV. Ophiuchus
• WL 17: A Young Embedded Transition Disk
• Steady-state accretion in magnetized protoplanetary disks
• A family portrait of disk inner rims around Herbig Ae/Be stars: Hunting for warps, rings, self shadowing, and misalignments in the inner astronomical units
• Discovery of an au-scale excess in millimeter emission from the protoplanetary disk around TW Hya
• The transition disc frequency in M stars
• Probing the Final Stages of Protoplanetary Disk Evolution with ALMA
• SPHERE dynamical and spectroscopic characterization of HD142527B
• A Spatially Resolved AU-scale Inner Disk around DM Tau
• Characterization of Ring Substructures in the Protoplanetary Disk of HD 169142 from Multi-Wavelength ALMA Observations
• Wind-driven Accretion in Transitional Protostellar Disks
• The hybrid disks: a search and study to better understand evolution of disks
• A highly non-Keplerian protoplanetary disc: Spiral structure in the gas disc of CQ Tau
• The mass and size of Herbig disks as seen by ALMA
• Gas temperature structure across transition disk cavities
• Kinematics and brightness temperatures of transition discs -- A survey of gas substructures as seen with ALMA
• A Multi-Wavelength Analysis of Dust and Gas in the SR 24S Transition Disk
• Long-Lived Dust Asymmetries at Dead Zone Edges in Protoplanetary Disks
• Thermal Infrared Imaging of MWC 758 with the Large Binocular Telescope: Planetary Driven Spiral Arms?
• A 80 au cavity in the disk around HD 34282
• ALMA Reveals a Misaligned Inner Gas Disk inside the Large Cavity of a Transitional Disk
• An Ionized Outflow from AB Aur, a Herbig Ae Star with a Transitional Disk
• High Resolution Spectroscopy of [NeII] Emission from AA Tau and GM Aur
• Imaging the photoevaporating disk and radio jet of GM Aur
• High-Resolution Near Infrared Spectroscopy of HD 100546: II. Analysis of variable rovibrational CO emission lines
• The Taurus Boundary of Stellar/Substellar (TBOSS) Survey II. Disk Masses from ALMA Continuum Observations
• Large gaps and high accretion rates in photoevaporative transition disks with a dead zone
• A large population study of protoplanetary disks: Explaining the millimeter size-luminosity relation with or without sub-structure
• Spirals inside the millimeter cavity of transition disk SR 21
• Gemini-LIGHTS: Herbig Ae/Be and massive T-Tauri protoplanetary disks imaged with Gemini Planet Imager
• Identification of new transitional disk candidates in Lupus with Herschel
• From Pebbles and Planetesimals to Planets and Dust: the Protoplanetary Disk--Debris Disk Connection
• Transition disk chemistry and future prospects with ALMA
• PDS 70: A transition disk sculpted by a single planet
• ALMA Survey of Lupus Class III Stars: Early Planetesimal Belt Formation and Rapid Disk Dispersal
• Accreting Transition Discs with large cavities created by X-ray photoevaporation in C and O depleted discs
• Pebble drift and planetesimal formation in protoplanetary discs with embedded planets
• Warm formaldehyde in the Oph IRS 48 transitional disk
• Observing the linked depletion of dust and CO gas at 0.1-10 au in disks of intermediate-mass stars
• Inner disk clearing around the Herbig Ae star HD\,139614: Evidence for a planet-induced gap ?
• The Planetary Luminosity Problem: "Missing Planets" and the Observational Consequences of Episodic Accretion
• The Frequency Of Binary Star Interlopers Amongst Transitional Discs
• A bright inner disk and structures in the transition disk around the very low-mass star CIDA 1
• How Consumption and Repulsion Set Planetary Gap Depths and the Final Masses of Gas Giants
• Radiation-Hydrodynamical Models of X-ray Photoevaporation in Carbon Depleted Circumstellar Discs
• ALMA Observations of the Asymmetric Dust Disk around DM Tau
• Flaring and self-shadowed disks around Herbig Ae stars: simulations for 10 micron interferometers
• Probing the cold dust emission in the AB Aur disk: a dust trap in a decaying vortex?
• Time-resolved photometry of the young dipper RX J1604.3-2130A: Unveiling the structure and mass transport through the innermost disk
• Observational Signatures of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks: Planet-Induced Line Broadening in Gaps
• CO Fundamental Emission from V836 Tau
• The Observability Of Vortex-Driven Spiral Arms In Protoplanetary Disk: Basic Spiral Properties
• A gas density drop in the inner 6 AU of the transition disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 139614: Further evidence for a giant planet inside the disk?
• Rocking shadows in broken circumbinary discs
• Binary-induced spiral arms inside the disc cavity of AB Aurigae
• The dry and carbon poor inner disk of TW Hya: evidence for a massive icy dust trap
• A multi-instrument and multi-wavelength high angular resolution study of MWC614: quantum heated particles inside the disk cavity
• The Architecture of the V892 Tau System: the Binary and its Circumbinary Disk
• The effect of scattering on the structure and SED of protoplanetary disks
• Measuring the atomic composition of planetary building blocks
• If you like C/O variations, you should have put a ring on it
• Resolved observations of transition disks
• High-resolution 25 μm imaging of the disks around Herbig Ae/Be stars
• An Inner Disk in the Large Gap of the Transition Disk SR 24S
• Magnetised Winds in Transition Discs I: 2.5D Global Simulations
• Infrared study of transitional disks in Ophiuchus with Herschel
• The Herschel/PACS view of disks around low-mass stars in Chamaleon-I
• Dust Traps and the Formation of Cavities in Transition Discs: A millimetre to sub-millimetre comparison survey
• The Separation and H-alpha Contrasts of Massive Accreting Planets in the Gaps of Transitional Disks: Predicted H-alpha Protoplanet Yields for Adaptive Optics Surveys
• Unlocking the secrets of the midplane gas and dust distribution in the young hybrid disc HD 141569
• Discovery of Line Pressure Broadening and Direct Constraint on Gas Surface Density in a Protoplanetary Disk
• Radio Monitoring of Protoplanetary Discs
• A Dwarf Protoplanetary Disk around XZ Tau B
• Searching for spectroscopic binaries within transition disk objects
• Matryoshka Holes: Nested Emission Rings in the Transitional Disk Oph IRS 48
• The Origin of the Doppler-flip in HD 100546: a large scale spiral arm generated by an inner binary companion
• The Matryoshka Disk: Keck/NIRC2 Discovery of a Solar System-Scale, Radially Segregated Residual Protoplanetary Disk Around HD 141569A
• An asymmetric dust ring around a very low mass star ZZ Tau IRS
• Identification of transitional disks in Chamaeleon with Herschel
• Herschel Observations of Protoplanetary Disks in Lynds 1641
• A Tale of Two Transition Disks: ALMA long-baseline observations of ISO-Oph 2 reveal two closely packed non-axisymmetric rings and a $\sim$2 au cavity
• The detection of dust gap-ring structure in the outer region of the CR Cha protoplanetary disk
• Constraining the properties of transitional disks in Chamaeleon I with Herschel
• 3.3 cm JVLA observations of transitional disks: searching for centimeter pebbles
• Gap Opening and Inner Disk Structure in the Strongly Accreting Transition Disk of DM Tau
• Extended Millimeter Emission in the HD 141569 Circumstellar Disk Detected with ALMA
• The protoplanetary disc around HD 169142: circumstellar or circumbinary?
• ALMA observation of the protoplanetary disk around WW Cha: faint double-peaked ring and asymmetric structure
• Detection of Substructures in Young Transition Disk WL 17
• Mid-infrared Multi-wavelength Imaging of Ophiuchus\,IRS\,48\,Transitional Disk
• Misaligned Circumstellar Disks and Orbital Motion of the Young Binary XZ Tau

Cited by in corpus (20)

• The edge-on protoplanetary disk HH 48 NE I. Modeling the geometry and stellar parameters
• Water Enrichment from Pebble Drift in Disks with Gap-forming Planets
• Dynamics Near the Inner Dead-Zone Edges in a Proprotoplanetary Disk
• The centimeter emission from planet-forming disks in Taurus
• The rapid formation of macromolecules in irradiated ice of protoplanetary disk dust traps
• ALMA reveals thermal and non-thermal desorption of methanol ice in the HD 100546 protoplanetary disk
• Transition disc nature of post-AGB binary systems confirmed by mid-infrared interferometry
• Color measurements of the polarized light scattered by the dust in protoplanetary disks
• Three-dimensional orbit of AC Her determined: Binary-induced truncation cannot explain the large cavity in this post-AGB transition disk
• The likelihood of not detecting cavity-carving companions in transition discs -- A statistical approach
• On the origin of transition disk cavities: Pebble-accreting protoplanets vs Super-Jupiters
• Time-dependent long-term hydrodynamic simulations of the inner protoplanetary disk III: The influence of photoevaporation
• A 2 au resolution view by ALMA of the planet-hosting WISPIT 2 disk
• Astrometric view of companions in the inner dust cavities of protoplanetary disks
• The late formation of chondrites as a consequence of Jupiter-induced gaps and rings
• New migration patterns in high planet-star mass ratio systems in disks with low viscosity
• ALMA detections of circumstellar disks in the giant Hii region M17. Probing the intermediate- to high-mass pre-main-sequence population
• Multi-scale radiative-transfer model of the protoplanetary disc DoAr 44
• Observational evidence for a possible link between PAH emission and dust trap locations in protoplanetary disks
• Investigating star formation scenarios in the Milky Way using YSO distributions -- A pilot study