Passive irradiated circumstellar disks with an inner hole

Abstract

A model for irradiated dust disks around Herbig Ae stars is proposed. The model is based on the flaring disk model of Chiang & Goldreich (1997), but with the central regions of the disk removed. The inner rim of the disk is puffed up and is much hotter than the rest of the disk, because it is directly exposed to the stellar flux. If located at the dust evaporation radius, its reemitted flux produces a conspicuous bump in the SED which peaks at 2-3 micron. We propose that this emission is the explanation for the near-infrared bump observed in the SEDs of Herbig Ae stars. We study for which stellar parameters this bump would be observable, and find that it is the case for Herbig Ae stellar parameters but not for T-Tauri stars, confirming what is found from the observations. We also study the effects of the shadow cast by the inner rim over the rest of the flaring disk. The shadowed region can be quite large, and under some circumstances the entire disk may lie in the shadow. This shadowed region will be much cooler than an unshadowed flaring disk, since its only heating sources are radial radiative diffusion and possible indirect sources of irradiation. Under certain special circumstances the shadowing effect can suppress, or even completely eliminate, the 10 micron emission feature from the spectrum, which might explain the anomalous SEDs of some isolated Herbig Ae stars in the sample of Meeus et al. (2001). At much larger radii the disk emerges from the shadow, and continues as a flaring disk towards the outer edge. The complete model, including structure of the inner edge, shadowed region and the flared outer part, is described in detail in this paper, and we show examples of the general behavior of the model for varying parameters.

Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

References in corpus (1)

• ISO spectroscopy of circumstellar dust in 14 Herbig Ae/Be systems: towards an understanding of dust processing

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• The observable effects of tidally induced warps in protostellar discs
• Variations of the 10 um Silicate Features in the Actively Accreting T Tauri Stars: DG Tau and XZ Tau
• Brown dwarf disks with Herschel: Linking far-infrared and (sub)-mm fluxes
• Pre-main-sequence binaries with tidally disrupted discs: the Br gamma in HD 104237
• Constraining turbulence in protoplanetary discs using the gap contrast: an application to the DSHARP sample
• The Effects of Self-Shadowing by a Puffed up Inner Rim in Scattered Light Images of Protoplanetary Disks
• Oscillatory migration of accreting protoplanets driven by a 3D distortion of the gas flow
• Rapid Mid-Infrared Variability in Protostellar Disks
• Simultaneous spectral energy distribution and near-infrared interferometry modeling of HD 142666
• Structure of Passive Circumstellar Disks: Beyond the Two-Temperature Approximation
• Formation of dust clumps with sub-Jupiter mass and cold shadowed region in gravitationally unstable disk around Class 0/I protostar in L1527 IRS
• A low optical depth region in the inner disk of the HerbigAe star HR5999
• Analytic Expressions for the Inner-Rim Structure of Passively Heated Protoplanetary Disks
• ALMA Super-resolution Imaging of T Tau: r = 12 au Gap in the Compact Dust Disk around T Tau N
• Analysis of the infrared spectra of the peculiar post-AGB stars EPLyr and HD52961
• Time evolution of a viscous protoplanetary disk with a free geometry: toward a more self-consistent picture
• Testing diagnostics of triggered star formation
• A global two-layer radiative transfer model for axisymmetric, shadowed protoplanetary disks
• Radiation hydrodynamics including irradiation and adaptive mesh refinement with AZEuS. I. Methods
• Dusty disk winds at the sublimation rim of the highly inclined, low mass YSO SU Aurigae
• Temperature inversion on the surface of externally heated optically thick multigrain dust clouds
• Planet gap opening across stellar masses
• Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk) V: Possible Annular Substructure in a Circumstellar Disk in the Ced110 IRS4 System
• An emission ring at 20 microns around the HAEBE star AB Aurigae: unveiling the disc structure
• A homogeneous analysis of disks around brown dwarfs
• Spectral energy distribution simulations of a possible ring structure around the young, red brown dwarf G196-3B
• (Sub)millimeter Dust Polarization of Protoplanetary Disks from Scattering by Large Millimeter-Sized Irregular Grains
• Multiwavelength interferometric observations and modeling of circumstellar disks
• Imaging the inner astronomical unit of Herbig Be star HD 190073
• The first interferometric survey in the K-band of massive YSOs. On the hot dust, ionised gas, and binarity at au scales
• A WFI survey in the Chamaeleon II dark cloud
• An analysis of two-layer models for circumstellar disks
• The spectroscopic binaries RV Tauri and DF Cygni
• Mid-Infrared Imaging of the Herbig Ae Star AB Aurigae: Extended Emission on Several Scales
• Rapid radiative clearing of protoplanetary discs
• Axisymmetric simulations of the convective overstability in protoplanetary discs
• Mid-infrared interferometry of the massive young stellar object NGC3603 - IRS 9A
• High resolution observations of molecular emission lines toward the CI Tau proto-planetary disc: planet-carved gaps or shadowing?
• Constraining the turbulence and the dust disk in IM Lup: onset of planetesimal formation
• CoRoT\,102699796, the first metal-poor Herbig Ae pulsator: a hybrid $\delta$ Sct-$\gamma$ Dor variable?
• Mid-IR Observations of T Tauri stars: Probing the Star-Disk Connection in Rotational Evolution
• An asymmetric dust ring around a very low mass star ZZ Tau IRS
• Upper limits on CO 4.7 micron emission from disks around five Herbig Ae/Be stars
• Importance of source structure on complex organics emission III. Effect of disks around massive protostars
• Spinning dust emission from circumstellar disks and its role in excess microwave emission
• The Mid-Infrared Emitting Dust Around AB Aur
• Changing disc compositions via internal photoevaporation I: Solar-mass stars
• The dusty disk around VV Ser
• IGRINS spectroscopy of Class I sources: IRAS 03445+3242 and IRAS 04239+2436
• Revealing the inner circumstellar disk of the T Tauri star S CrA N using the VLTI
• Kinetic Scheme for Solving M1 Model of Radiative Transfer
• Mid-Infrared Polarization of Herbig Ae/Be Discs
• Trapping (sub-)Neptunes similar to TOI-216b at the inner disk rim: Implications for the disk viscosity and the Neptunian desert
• The Molecular Composition of Shadowed Protosolar Disk Midplanes beyond the Water Snowline
• Effects of scattering and dust grain size on the temperature structure of protoplanetary discs: A three-layer approach
• On the properties of discs around accreting brown dwarfs
• A sub-AU outwardly truncated accretion disk around a classical T Tauri star
• The use of genetic algorithm to model protoplanetary discs
• The Vela Pulsar With an Active Fallback Disk
• Presolar grain dynamics: creating nucleosynthetic variations through a combination of drag and viscous evolution
• Gas Phase diagnostics of Protoplanetary disk extension
• Warm gas at 50 AU in the disk around Herbig Be star HD 100546
• CLIcK: a Continuum and Line fItting Kit for circumstellar disks
• A Circumbinary Disk Model for the Rapid Orbital Shrinkage in Black Hole Low-Mass X-ray Binaries
• Constraining the properties of transitional disks in Chamaeleon I with Herschel
• The Herschel view of circumstellar discs: a multi-wavelength study of Chamaeleon I
• Gap Opening and Inner Disk Structure in the Strongly Accreting Transition Disk of DM Tau
• Mid - infrared interferometry of massive young stellar objects II Evidence for a circumstellar disk surrounding the Kleinmann - Wright object
• Bayesian fitting of Taurus brown dwarf spectral energy distributions
• Confronting Standard Models of Proto--Planetary Disks With New Mid--Infrared Sizes from the Keck Interferometer
• Linear Corotation Torques in Non-Barotropic Disks
• Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk) XVI: An asymmetric dust disk driving a multi-component molecular outflow in the young Class 0 protostar GSS30 IRS3
• Spectroscopic characterization of X-ray emitting young stars associated with the Sh 2-296 nebula
• Optical and infrared study of the obscured B[e] supergiant high-mass X-ray binary IGR J16318-4848
• Radiative scale-height and shadows in protoplanetary disks
• Probing the Temperature Structure of the Inner Region of a Protoplanetary Disk
• The impact of accretion heating and thermal conduction on the dead zone of protoplanetary disks
• Constraints on the height of the inner disk rim in pre-main-sequence stars
• The inner circumstellar disk of the UX Ori star V1026 Sco
• Migration of gap-opening planets in 3D stellar-irradiated accretion disks
• Testing velocity kinks as a planet-detection method: Do velocity kinks in surface gas emission trace planetary spiral wakes in the midplane continuum?
• Inner dusty regions of protoplanetary discs - I. High resolution temperature structure
• Modelling UX Ori Star Eclipses based on Spectral Observations with the Nordic Optical Telescope. I. RR Tau
• The effect of Jupiter on the CAI storage problem
• Linear line spectropolarimetry of Herbig Ae/Be stars
• Second-generation protoplanetary discs around evolved binaries: a high-resolution polarimetric view with SPHERE/IRDIS
• Bimodal Brightness Oscillations in Models of Young Binary Systems
• Molecular hydrogen in the disk of the Herbig Ae star HD97048
• Optical and Near-Infrared Excesses are Correlated in T Tauri Stars
• H${}_2$D${}^{+}$ line emission in Proto-Planetary Disks
• Planet formation in chemically diverse and evolving discs -- I. Composition of planetary building blocks
• First L-band Interferometric Observations of a Young Stellar Object: Probing the Circumstellar Environment of MWC 419
• Near-Infrared Photometric Survey of Herbig Ae/Be Candidate Stars
• The fulcrum wavelength of young stellar objects -- the case of LRLL 31
• The occultation events of the Herbig Ae/Be star V1247 Ori
• Massive pre-main-sequence stars in M17 -- Modelling hydrogen and dust in MYSO disks
• Diagnosing the Clumpy Protoplanetary Disk of the UXor Type Young Star GM Cephei
• Resolving the B[e] star Hen 3-1191 at 10 microns with VLTI/MIDI
• Investigating the possibility of reversing giant planet migration via gap edge illumination
• Detection of Substructures in Young Transition Disk WL 17
• UX Ori Stars Eclipses by Large-Scale Disc Perturbations
• The mm-colors of a young binary disk system in the Orion Nebula Cluster
• The likelihood of not detecting cavity-carving companions in transition discs -- A statistical approach
• Blowin' in the non-isothermal wind: core-powered mass loss with hydrodynamic radiative transfer
• On the inner disk structure of MWC480: evidence for asymmetries?
• A Large Double-ring Disk around the Taurus M Dwarf J04124068+2438157
• A Circumbinary Disk Scenario For The Negative Orbital-Period Derivative Of The Ultracompact X-ray Binary 4u1820-303
• Study of the sub-AU disk of the Herbig B[e] star HD 85567 with near-infrared interferometry
• An impact-free mechanism to deliver water to terrestrial planets and exoplanets
• Study of the inner disk of the Herbig star MWC480
• Modeling the arc and ring structures in the HD 143006 disk
• Multiwavelength Observations of the RV Tauri Variable System U Monocerotis: Long-Term Variability Phenomena That Can Be Explained by Binary Interactions with a Circumbinary Disk
• Multi dust species inner rim in magnetized protoplanetary disks
• I Zw 1 and H0557-385: The Dusty Tori of Two High Eddington AGNs Observed in the MATISSE LM-Bands
• Detecting the inner regions of discs around sources of microlensing with Roman Space Telescope
• Impact of dust diffusion on the rim shape of protoplanetary disks
• On the diversification and dissipation of protoplanetary disks
• Re-visiting the case of R Mon: Is CO removed at R<20 au?
• Probing Inner-Edge of Dead Zones in Protoplanetary Disks with ALMA and Next Generation Very Large Array
• The 12CO Gas Structures of Protoplanetary Disks in the Upper Scorpius Region
• Variability of the Great Disk Shadow in Serpens
• 10 $\mu$m interferometry of disks around young stars
• Starlight-driven flared-staircase geometry in radiation hydrodynamic models of protoplanetary disks
• Peering through the veil: Investigating protoplanetary disk outer edges using backside visibility
• The Disk Atmospheres of Three Herbig Ae/Be Stars
• Planetary Edge Trends (PET). I. The Inner Edge-Stellar Mass Correlation
• Evidence for Companion-Induced Secular Changes in the Turbulent Disk of a Be Star in the LMC MACHO Database
• Disk dissipation, giant planet formation and star-formation-rate fluctuations in the past three-million-year history of Gould's Belt
• Impact of the initial disk mass function on the disk fraction
• Inner disk regions revealed by infrared interferometry
• Speckle interferometry of the HAeBe star V376 Cas
• Observations of 51 Ophiuchi with MIDI at the VLTI
• Mid-Infrared and Maser Flux Variability Correlation in Massive Young Stellar Object G036.70+00.09
• Callisto's Nonresonant Orbit as an Outcome of Circum-Jovian Disk Substructure
• The Influences of Forming Companions on the Spectral Energy Distributions of Stars with Circumstellar Discs
• Probing the close environment of young stellar objects with interferometry
• Monte-Carlo radiative transfer simulation of the circumstellar disk of the Herbig Ae star HD 144432
• Probing dust and grain growth in the optically thick circumbinary ring of V892 Tau
• Infrared interferometric imaging of the compact dust disk around the AGB star HR3126 with the bipolar Toby Jug Nebula
• Interferometric science results on young stellar objects
• A gap at 1 au in the disk of DI Cha A revealed by infrared interferometry
• Vertical Structure of Protoplanetary Disks in Scattered Light: A large sample analysis
• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) abundances in the disk around T Chamaeleontis (T Cha): PAH sizes, ionization fraction, and mass during JWST observations
• Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) XII: Inferring the C/O and S/H ratios in Protoplanetary Disks with Sulfur Molecules
• A SPHERE survey of self-shadowed planet-forming disks
• Modelling shadows in scattered light observations as signals from companions in protoplanetary discs
• Modeling Molecular-Line Emission from Circumstellar Disks
• Gas chemistry in the dust depleted inner regions of protoplanetary disks. I. Near-IR spectra and overtones
• Non-ideal MHD and protostellar feedback effects on disc formation and evolution in numerical simulations of star cluster formation
• MINDS survey of silicates in T Tauri disks: Correlation between dust and gas
• CO Line Emission Surfaces and Vertical Structure in Mid-Inclination Protoplanetary Disks
• Observational evidence for a possible link between PAH emission and dust trap locations in protoplanetary disks