Ices in the edge-on disk CRBR 2422.8-3423: Spitzer spectroscopy and Monte Carlo radiative transfer modeling

Abstract

We present 5.2-37.2 micron spectroscopy of the edge-on circumstellar disk CRBR 2422.8-3423 obtained using the InfraRed Spectrograph (IRS) of the Spitzer Space Telescope. The IRS spectrum is combined with ground-based 3-5 micron spectroscopy to obtain a complete inventory of solid state material present along the line of sight toward the source. We model the object with a 2D axisymmetric (effectively 3D) Monte Carlo radiative transfer code. It is found that the model disk, assuming a standard flaring structure, is too warm to contain the very large observed column density of pure CO ice, but is possibly responsible for up to 50% of the water, CO2 and minor ice species. In particular the 6.85 micron band, tentatively due to NH4+, exhibits a prominent red wing, indicating a significant contribution from warm ice in the disk. It is argued that the pure CO ice is located in the dense core Oph-F in front of the source seen in the submillimeter imaging, with the CO gas in the core highly depleted. The model is used to predict which circumstances are most favourable for direct observations of ices in edge-on circumstellar disks. Ice bands will in general be deepest for inclinations similar to the disk opening angle, i.e. ~70 degrees. Due to the high optical depths of typical disk mid-planes, ice absorption bands will often probe warmer ice located in the upper layers of nearly edge-on disks. The ratios between different ice bands are found to vary by up to an order of magnitude depending on disk inclination due to radiative transfer effects caused by the 2D structure of the disk. Ratios between ice bands of the same species can therefore be used to constrain the location of the ices in a circumstellar disk. [Abstract abridged]

arXiv comment49 pages, accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (22)

• Dust Grain Size Distributions and Extinction in the Milky Way, LMC, and SMC
• Interstellar Dust Grains
• Spectral Energy Distributions of T Tauri Stars With Passive Circumstellar Disks
• Passive irradiated circumstellar disks with an inner hole
• From Molecular Cores to Planet-forming Disks: A SIRTF Legacy Program
• Flaring vs. self-shadowed disks: the SEDs of Herbig Ae/Be stars
• A 3-5 micron VLT spectroscopic survey of embedded young low mass stars I: Structure of the CO ice
• Unveiling the Inner Disk Structure of T Tauri Stars
• Organic molecules in protoplanetary disks around TTauri and HerbigAe stars
• Mapping ices in protostellar environments on 1000 AU scales: Methanol-rich ice in the envelope of Serpens SMM 4
• The Spectral Energy Distribution of HH30 IRS: Constraining The Circumstellar Dust Size Distribution
• Vertical structure models of T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be disks
• Submillimeter lines from circumstellar disks around pre-main sequence stars
• Spitzer Space Telescope Spectroscopy of Ices toward Low Mass Embedded Protostars
• Origin of the 6.85 micron band near young stellar objects: The ammonium ion (NH4+) revisited
• Evolution of Molecular Abundance in Protoplanetary Disks
• The Environment and Nature of the Class I Protostar Elias 29: Molecular Gas Observations and the Location of Ices
• High Resolution 4.7 um Keck/NIRSPEC Spectra of Protostars. I: Ices and Infalling Gas in the Disk of L1489 IRS
• ISOCAM-CVF spectroscopy of the circumstellar environment of young stellar objects
• Sub-arcsecond imaging at 267 GHz of a young binary system: Detection of a <70 AU radius dust disk around T Tau N
• Detection of abundant solid CO in the disk around CRBR 2422.8-3423
• Evidence for Extinction and Accretion Variability in T Tau S

Cited by in corpus (91)

• Observations of the Icy Universe
• VOSA: Virtual Observatory SED Analyzer. An application to the Collinder 69 open cluster
• The Spitzer ice legacy: Ice evolution from cores to protostars
• On the Submillimeter Opacity of Protoplanetary Disks
• The imprint of exoplanet formation history on observable present-day spectra of hot Jupiters
• The c2d Spitzer Spectroscopic Survey of Ices Around Low-Mass Young Stellar Objects: I. H2O and the 5-8 um Bands
• Desorption rates and sticking coefficients for CO and N2 interstellar ices
• Chemical evolution of turbulent protoplanetary disks and the Solar nebula
• Photodesorption of water ice: a molecular dynamics study
• Ingredients for Solar-like Systems: protostar IRAS 16293-2422 B versus comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
• Hot Organic Molecules Toward a Young Low-Mass Star: A Look at Inner Disk Chemistry
• Current Star Formation in the Ophiuchus and Perseus Molecular Clouds: Constraints and Comparisons from Unbiased Submillimeter and Mid-Infrared Surveys. II
• The ice composition in the disk around V883 Ori revealed by its stellar outburst
• c2d Spitzer IRS Spectra of Disks around T Tauri Stars. III. [Ne II], [Fe I], and H_2 gas-phase lines
• Reprocessing of Ices in Turbulent Protoplanetary Disks: Carbon and Nitrogen Chemistry
• CO destruction in protoplanetary disk midplanes: inside versus outside the CO snow surface
• Measuring Protoplanetary Disk Accretion with H I Pf-beta
• Spatial mapping of ices in the Oph-F core: A direct measurement of CO depletion and the formation of CO2
• Young Stellar Objects in Lynds 1641: Disks, Accretion, and Star Formation History
• Spitzer IRS Observations of Class I/II Objects in Taurus: Composition and Thermal History of the Circumstellar Ices
• The nature of the Class I population in Ophiuchus as revealed through gas and dust mapping
• Effects of CO2 on H2O band profiles and band strengths in mixed H2O:CO2 ices
• Chemo-dynamical deuterium fractionation in the early solar nebula: The origin of water on Earth and in asteroids and comets
• Methane clathrates in the Solar System
• Exploring the Origins of Carbon in Terrestrial Worlds
• Hubble and Spitzer Observations of an Edge-on Circumstellar Disk around a Brown Dwarf
• Evolution of dust and ice features around FU Orionis objects
• Infrared spectroscopy of solid CO-CO2 mixtures and layers
• Dust Polarization Toward Embedded Protostars in Ophiuchus with ALMA. III. Survey Overview
• A Spitzer Survey of Protoplanetary Disk Dust in the Young Serpens Cloud: How do Dust Characteristics Evolve with Time?
• The T Tauri star RY Tau as a case study of the inner regions of circumstellar dust disks
• Disks and Outflows in CO Rovibrational Emission from Embedded, Low-Mass Young Stellar Objects
• LIDA - The Leiden Ice Database for Astrochemistry
• The 12CO/13CO isotopologue ratio of a young, isolated brown dwarf. Possibly distinct formation pathways of super-Jupiters and brown dwarfs
• The composition of the protosolar disk and the formation conditions for comets
• Dense and warm molecular gas in the envelopes and outflows of southern low-mass protostars
• Heterogeneity in ${}^{12}$CO/${}^{13}$CO Ratios Toward Solar-Type Young Stellar Objects
• Lack of PAH emission toward low-mass embedded young stellar objects
• Detections of trans-Neptunian ice in protoplanetary disks
• Modeling Spitzer observations of VV Ser. I. The circumstellar disk of a UX Orionis star
• Candidate Water Vapor Lines to Locate the H${}_2$O Snowline through High-Dispersion Spectroscopic Observations I. The Case of a T Tauri Star
• First Fruits of the Spitzer Space Telescope: Galactic and Solar System Studies
• The Nature of Carbon Dioxide Bearing Ices in Quiescent Molecular Clouds
• A new raytracer for modeling AU-scale imaging of lines from protoplanetary disks
• Influence of grain growth on CO2 ice spectroscopic profiles : Modelling for dense cores and disks
• Probing dynamical processes in the planet forming region with dust mineralogy
• Water ice at the surface of HD 100546 disk
• Projection of circumstellar disks on their environments
• Astrophotonics: astronomy and modern optics
• c2d Spitzer IRS spectra of embedded low-mass young stars: gas-phase emission lines
• Simulating Observations of Ices in Protoplanetary Disks
• Shadows, gaps, and ring-like structures in protoplanetary disks
• Influence of the ice structure on the soft UV photochemistry of PAHs embedded in solid water
• Star formation in the filament of S254-S258 OB complex: a cluster in the process of making
• Fitting infrared ice spectra with genetic modelling algorithms. Presenting the ENIIGMA fitting tool
• Modeling the chemical evolution of a collapsing prestellar core in two spatial dimensions
• Deep Spitzer spectroscopy of the `Flying Saucer' edge-on disk: Large grains beyond 50 AU
• A JWST/MIRI analysis of the ice distribution and PAH emission in the protoplanetary disk HH 48 NE
• Modeling Spitzer observations of VV Ser. II. an extended quantum heated nebula and a disk shadow
• The water-ice feature in near-infrared disk-scattered light around HD 142527: Micron-sized icy grains lifted up to the disk surface?
• The edge-on protoplanetary disk HH 48 NE I. Modeling the geometry and stellar parameters
• Spatially resolved detection of crystallized water ice in a TTauri object
• Sensitive survey for 13CO, CN, H2CO, and SO in the disks of T Tauri and Herbig Ae stars II: Stars in $\rho$ Oph and upper Scorpius
• Multi-Epoch Detections of Water Ice Absorption in Edge-on Disks around Herbig Ae Stars: PDS 144N and PDS 453
• Constraining the detectability of water ice in debris disks
• Refractive index and extinction coefficient of vapor-deposited water ice in the UV-Vis range
• Submillimeter Observations of the Young Low-Mass Object IRAS 04158+2805
• Computational modeling of the class I low-mass protostar Elias 29 applying optical constants of ices processed by high energy cosmic ray analogs
• Detection of Near-Infrared Water Ice at the Surface of the (pre)Transitional Disk of AB Aur: Informing Icy Grain Abundance, Composition, and Size
• Emission from Water Vapor and Absorption from Other Gases at 5-7.5 Microns in Spitzer-IRS Spectra of Protoplanetary Disks
• Adaptive Optics Observations of 3 micron Water Ice in Silhouette Disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster and M43
• Water ice: temperature-dependent refractive indexes and their astrophysical implications
• Ices in planet-forming disks: Self-consistent ice opacities in disk models
• A PR drag origin for the Fomalhaut disk's pervasive inner dust: constraints on collisional strengths, icy composition, and embedded planets
• A Spitzer IRS Survey of NGC 1333: Insights into disk evolution from a very young cluster
• HDO ice detected toward an isolated low-mass protostar with JWST
• Water Ice in the Edge-On Orion Silhouette Disk 114--426 from JWST NIRCam Images
• Scattering polarization of 3-$\mu$m water-ice feature by large icy grains
• Three-dimensional distribution of hydrogen fluoride gas toward NGC6334 I and I(N)
• Mid-infrared observations of the circumstellar disks around PDS 66 and CRBR 2422.8-3423
• The young low-mass star ISO-Oph-50: Extreme variability induced by a clumpy, evolving circumstellar disk
• The role of external FUV irradiation in the survival of astrophysical ices in Elias 29
• The role of absorption and scattering in shaping ice bands. Spatially-resolved spectroscopy of protoplanetary disks
• The grazing angle icy protoplanetary disk PDS 453
• UV-irradiated outflows from low-mass protostars in Ophiuchus with JWST/MIRI
• Tracking the evolutionary stage of protostars by the abundances of astrophysical ices
• Chemical evolution of a protoplanetary disk
• Variation of the disk thickness across ice bands: A method to determine ice abundances in highly inclined protoplanetary disks
• Protoplanetary Disk Chemistry
• The formation of planetary systems with SPICA
• Chemical complexity in protoplanetary disks in the era of ALMA and Rosetta