The edge-on protoplanetary disk HH 48 NE I. Modeling the geometry and stellar parameters

Abstract

Context. Observations of edge-on disks are an important tool for constraining general protoplanetary disk properties that cannot be determined in any other way. However, most radiative transfer models cannot simultaneously reproduce the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and resolved scattered light and submillimeter observations of these systems, due to the differences in geometry and dust properties at different wavelengths. Aims. We simultaneously constrain the geometry of the edge-on protoplanetary disk HH 48 NE and the characteristics of the host star. HH 48 NE is part of the JWST early release science program Ice Age. This work serves as a stepping stone towards a better understanding of the disk physical structure and icy chemistry in this particular source. This kind of modeling lays the groundwork for studying other edge-on sources to be observed with the JWST. Methods. We fit a parameterized dust model to HH 48 NE by coupling the radiative transfer code RADMC-3D and an MCMC framework. The dust structure was fitted independently to a compiled SED, a scattered light image at 0.8 $\mu$m and an ALMA dust continuum observation at 890 $\mu$m. Results. We find that 90% of the dust mass in HH 48 NE is settled to the disk midplane, less than in average disks, and that the atmospheric layers of the disk contain exclusively large grains (0.3-10 $\mu$m). The exclusion of small grains in the upper atmosphere likely has important consequences for the chemistry due to the deep penetration of high-energy photons. The addition of a relatively large cavity (ca. 50 au in radius) is necessary to explain the strong mid-infrared emission, and to fit the scattered light and continuum observations simultaneously.

16 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

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• Observations of highly inclined disks with ALMA. Results from 12CO gas and continuum observations