Asymmetric Signatures of Warps in Edge-on Disks

Abstract

Protoplanetary disks observed edge-on commonly show asymmetries that can be caused by shadows cast from a warp. With the growing amount of these observations, methods to constrain warp parameters are urgently needed. In this work, we investigate observational signatures of warps in edge-on disks with the aim to find limits on the observability of warps. We perform radiative transfer simulations in scattered light (near-/mid-infrared) of edge-on disks containing warps of different amplitudes and varying sizes of the misaligned inner region. We analyze the effect of these parameters at 0.8 micron, but also compare models for specific parameters at wavelengths up to 21 micron. In all models, we quantify the apparent asymmetry. We find that under optimal conditions, an asymmetry due to slight warps can be visible. The visibility depends on the viewing angle, as warped disks are not axisymmetric. For optimal azimuthal orientation, misalignments between inner and outer disk regimes as low as 2° can lead to significant asymmetries. On the other hand, we find that larger misalignments of about 10° are needed in order to observe a change in the brightest nebula as a function of wavelength, which is observed in a few protoplanetary disks. In order to link our results to observations, we investigate potential misalignments between the inner and outer disk of edge-on systems showing asymmetries. We compare the jet geometry, which traces the inner region of the disk, to the outer disk orientation and find that a misalignment of a few degrees could be present, such that warped disks could explain the apparent lateral asymmetries. There are many factors that can influence the appearance of the shadows and asymmetries in warped disks. Although it is still challenging to infer exact warp parameters from observations, this work presents a promising step toward better constraints.

arXiv comment15 pages, 19 figures; accepted to Astronomy & Astrophysics

References in corpus (68)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Array Programming with NumPy
• The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package
• Consistent dust and gas models for protoplanetary disks. I. Disk shape, dust settling, opacities, and PAHs
• Shadows and spirals in the protoplanetary disk HD 100453
• Shadows cast on the transition disk of HD 135344B. Multiwavelength VLT/SPHERE polarimetric differential imaging
• Tearing up the disc: misaligned accretion on to a binary
• Observations of edge-on protoplanetary disks with ALMA I. Results from continuum data
• Dust depleted inner disks in a large sample of transition disks through long-baseline ALMA observations
• On the tilting of protostellar disks by resonant tidal effects
• Wave-like warp propagation in circumbinary discs I. Analytic theory and numerical simulations
• A Multi-Ringed, Modestly-Inclined Protoplanetary Disk around AA Tau
• Flybys in protoplanetary discs: I. Gas and dust dynamics
• Accretion kinematics through the warped transition disk in HD142527 from resolved CO(6-5) observations
• Precession of collimated outflows from young stellar objects
• The HH30 edge-on T Tauri star A rotating and precessing monopolar outflow scrutinized by ALMA
• Evolution of protoplanetary disks from their taxonomy in scattered light: spirals, rings, cavities, and shadows
• Signatures of broken protoplanetary discs in scattered light and in sub-millimetre observations
• Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): Late infall causing disk misalignment and dynamic structures in SU Aur
• A triple star system with a misaligned and warped circumstellar disk shaped by disk tearing
• The SPHERE view of the planet-forming disk around HD100546
• Shadows and asymmetries in the T Tauri disk HD 143006: Evidence for a misaligned inner disk
• Chasing Shadows: Rotation of the Azimuthal Asymmetry in the TW Hya Disk
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): X. Multiple rings, a misaligned inner disk, and a bright arc in the disk around the T Tauri star HD 143006
• A cavity and further radial substructures in the disk around HD~97048
• Inclination Evolution of Protoplanetary Disks Around Eccentric Binaries
• A tidal encounter caught in the act: modelling a star-disc fly-by in the young RW Aurigae system
• Proper Motions of the Jets in the Region of HH 30 and HL/XZ Tau. Evidence for a Binary Exciting Source of the HH 30 Jet
• Cloudlet capture by Transitional Disk and FU Orionis stars
• Misaligned disks induced by infall
• Dust modeling of the combined ALMA and SPHERE datasets of HD163296. Is HD163296 really a Meeus group II disk?
• Variable Outer Disk Shadowing Around the Dipper Star RX J1604.3-2130
• Are Inner Disc Misalignments Common? ALMA Reveals an Isotropic Outer Disc Inclination Distribution for Young Dipper Stars
• Shadowing and multiple rings in the protoplanetary disk of HD 139614
• Gap, shadows, spirals, streamers: SPHERE observations of binary-disk interactions in GG Tau A
• The First X-shooter Observations of Jets from Young Stars
• Local and global dynamics of warped astrophysical discs
• Wave-like warp propagation in circumbinary discs II. Application to KH 15D
• Generation of highly inclined protoplanetary discs through single stellar flybys
• Scattered light shadows in warped protoplanetary discs
• Linear and non-linear theory of a parametric instability of hydrodynamic warps in Keplerian discs
• Evolution of linear warps in accretion discs and applications to protoplanetary discs in binaries
• Connecting the shadows: probing inner disk geometries using shadows in transitional disks
• A family portrait of disk inner rims around Herbig Ae/Be stars: Hunting for warps, rings, self shadowing, and misalignments in the inner astronomical units
• Generalised warped disk equations
• Effects of Disk Warping on the Inclination Evolution of Star-Disk-Binary Systems
• Spatial study with the VLT of a new resolved edge-on circumstellar dust disk discovered at the periphery of the rho Ophiuchi dark cloud
• Hydrodynamic instability in warped astrophysical discs
• Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk). IV. The Ringed and Warped Structure of the Disk around the Class I Protostar L1489 IRS
• The counterjet of HH 30: new light on its binary driving source
• HST Scattered Light Imaging and Modeling of the Edge-on Protoplanetary Disk ESO-H$\alpha$ 569
• Rocking shadows in broken circumbinary discs
• ESO-H$\alpha$~574 and Par-Lup3-4 Jets: Exploring the spectral, kinematical and physical properties
• Effects of stellar flybys on planetary systems: 3D modeling of the circumstellar disks damping effects
• Probing the presence of planets in transition discs' cavities via warps: the case of TW Hya
• Deep Spitzer spectroscopy of the `Flying Saucer' edge-on disk: Large grains beyond 50 AU
• Constraining the Circumbinary Disk Tilt in the KH 15D system
• The edge-on protoplanetary disk HH 48 NE I. Modeling the geometry and stellar parameters
• Chemical signatures of a warped protoplanetary disc
• Dust Traffic Jams in Inclined Circumbinary Protoplanetary Discs I. Morphology and Formation Theory
• On the equations of warped disc dynamics
• Warped Disk Evolution in Grid-Based Simulations
• Characteristics of small protoplanetary disc warps in kinematic observations
• Grid-Based Simulations of Polar Circumbinary Disks: Polar Alignment and Vortex Formation
• Demographics of Protoplanetary Disks: A Simulated Population of Edge-on Systems
• Warping Away Gravitational Instabilities in Protoplanetary Discs
• Feasibility of detecting shadows in disks induced by infall
• Kinematical signatures: Distinguishing between warps and radial flows

Cited by in corpus (5)

• Warps survive beyond fly-by encounters in protoplanetary disks. RW Aur A as a case study
• Evidence of triggered star formation in the Pillars of Creation from JWST observations
• Spiral formation caused by late infall onto protoplanetary disks
• Scattered light signatures of flyby-induced warps in protoplanetary discs
• JWST Imaging of Edge-on Protoplanetary Disks. V. Flux Ratio Reversal and Disk-edge Structure in the Flying Saucer