A Multi-Ringed, Modestly-Inclined Protoplanetary Disk around AA Tau

Abstract

AA Tau is the archetype for a class of stars with a peculiar periodic photometric variability thought to be related to a warped inner disk structure with a nearly edge-on viewing geometry. We present high resolution ($\sim$0.2") ALMA observations of the 0.87 and 1.3~mm dust continuum emission from the disk around AA Tau. These data reveal an evenly spaced three-ringed emission structure, with distinct peaks at 0.34", 0.66", and 0.99", all viewed at a modest inclination of 59.1${}^{\circ }\pm$0.3${}^{\circ }$ (decidedly not edge-on). In addition to this ringed substructure, we find non-axisymmetric features including a `bridge' of emission that connects opposite sides of the innermost ring. We speculate on the nature of this `bridge' in light of accompanying observations of HCO${}^{+}$ and ${}^{13}$CO (J=3--2) line emission. The HCO${}^{+}$ emission is bright interior to the innermost dust ring, with a projected velocity field that appears rotated with respect to the resolved disk geometry, indicating the presence of a warp or inward radial flow. We suggest that the continuum bridge and HCO${}^{+}$ line kinematics could originate from gap-crossing accretion streams, which may be responsible for the long-duration dimming of optical light from AA Tau.

Accepted for publication in ApJ, 9 pages, 7 figures

References in corpus (17)

• Ringed Substructure and a Gap at 1 AU in the Nearest Protoplanetary Disk
• Ring shaped dust accumulation in transition disks
• Gaps, Rings, and Non-Axisymmetric Structures in Protoplanetary Disks - From Simulations to ALMA Observations
• Spiral Density Waves in a Young Protoplanetary Disk
• Evidence of fast pebble growth near condensation fronts in the HL Tau protoplanetary disk
• Shadows cast by a warp in the HD 142527 protoplanetary disk
• ALMA unveils rings and gaps in the protoplanetary system HD 169142: signatures of two giant protoplanets
• Demographics of Transition Objects
• CSI 2264: Probing the inner disks of AA Tau-like systems in NGC 2264
• On the Commonality of 10-30AU Sized Axisymmetric Dust Structures in Protoplanetary Disks
• A cavity and further radial substructures in the disk around HD~97048
• Gaps, rings, and non-axisymmetric structures in protoplanetary disks - Emission from large grains
• ALMA reveals the anatomy of the mm-sized dust and molecular gas in the HD 97048 disk
• Resolved images of the protoplanetary disk around HD 100546 with ALMA
• Dipper disks not inclined towards edge-on orbits
• V409 Tau As Another AA Tau: Photometric Observations of Stellar Occultations by the Circumstellar Disk
• Dimming and CO absorption toward the AA Tau protoplanetary disk: An infalling flow caused by disk instability?

Cited by in corpus (115)

• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): I. Motivation, Sample, Calibration, and Overview
• Gaps and Rings in an ALMA Survey of Disks in the Taurus Star-forming Region
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): II. Characteristics of Annular Substructures
• Observations of Protoplanetary Disk Structures
• Compact Disks in a High Resolution ALMA Survey of Dust Structures in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
• A Millimeter Continuum Size-Luminosity Relationship for Protoplanetary Disks
• Dust depleted inner disks in a large sample of transition disks through long-baseline ALMA observations
• ALMA continuum observations of the protoplanetary disk AS 209. Evidence of multiple gaps opened by a single planet
• Water in star-forming regions (WISH): Physics and chemistry from clouds to disks as probed by Herschel spectroscopy
• Protoplanetary disk rings and gaps across ages and luminosities
• Multiple Gaps in the Disk of the Class I Protostar GY 91
• Signatures of broken protoplanetary discs in scattered light and in sub-millimetre observations
• Multiple Disk Gaps and Rings Generated by a Single Super-Earth: II. Spacings, Depths, and Number of Gaps, with Application to Real Systems
• Detecting Weak Spectral Lines in Interferometric Data through Matched Filtering
• Shadows and asymmetries in the T Tauri disk HD 143006: Evidence for a misaligned inner disk
• Measurement of Circumstellar Disk Sizes in the Upper Scorpius OB Association with ALMA
• Masses and Implications for Ages of Low-Mass Pre-Main Sequence Stars in Taurus and Ophiuchus
• Rings and gaps in the disc around Elias 24 revealed by ALMA
• Hints for icy pebble migration feeding an oxygen-rich chemistry in the inner planet-forming region of disks
• Protoplanetary Disks in $\rho$ Ophiuchus as Seen From ALMA
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): X. Multiple rings, a misaligned inner disk, and a bright arc in the disk around the T Tauri star HD 143006
• Constraining Gas-Phase Carbon, Oxygen, and Nitrogen in the IM Lup Protoplanetary Disk
• A multi-frequency ALMA characterization of substructures in the GM Aur protoplanetary disk
• Inclined Massive Planets in a Protoplanetary Disc: Gap Opening, Disc Breaking, and Observational Signatures
• An Empirical Planetesimal Belt Radius - Stellar Luminosity Relation
• Spiral Arms in Disks: Planets or Gravitational Instability?
• Evidence for a high mutual inclination between the cold Jupiter and transiting super Earth orbiting $\pi$ Men
• High-Resolution ALMA Observations of HD100546: Asymmetric Circumstellar Ring, and Circumplanetary Disk Upper Limits
• Inferring giant planets from ALMA millimeter continuum and line observations in (transition) disks
• Multiple Stellar Fly-Bys Sculpting the Circumstellar Architecture in RW Aurigae
• Variable Outer Disk Shadowing Around the Dipper Star RX J1604.3-2130
• Planet-disk interaction in disks with cooling: basic theory
• Are Inner Disc Misalignments Common? ALMA Reveals an Isotropic Outer Disc Inclination Distribution for Young Dipper Stars
• The Evolution of Disk Winds from a Combined Study of Optical and Infrared Forbidden Lines
• Shadowing and multiple rings in the protoplanetary disk of HD 139614
• Disk Masses for Embedded Class I Protostars in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
• CO emission tracing a warp or radial flow within $\lesssim$ 100 au in the HD 100546 protoplanetary disk
• Modeling protoplanetary disk SEDs with artificial neural networks: Revisiting the viscous disk model and updated disk masses
• Scattered light shadows in warped protoplanetary discs
• Protoplanetary Disk Masses from Radiative Transfer Modeling: A Case Study in Taurus
• Multiple rings in the transitional disk of GM Aurigae revealed by VLA and ALMA
• V1094 Sco: a rare giant multi-ringed disk around a T Tauri star
• Rings and gaps in protoplanetary disks: planets or snowlines?
• A Compact Multi-Planet System With A Significantly Misaligned Ultra Short Period Planet
• On the planetary interpretation of multiple gaps and rings in protoplanetary disks seen by ALMA
• Radial variations in grain sizes and dust scale heights in the protoplanetary disk around HD 163296 revealed by ALMA polarization observation
• Gas density perturbations induced by forming planet(s) in the AS 209 protoplanetary disk as seen with ALMA
• Transition disks: the observational revolution from SEDs to imaging
• Inner disk structure of the classical T Tauri star LkCa 15
• From Pebbles and Planetesimals to Planets and Dust: the Protoplanetary Disk--Debris Disk Connection
• Structure Formation in a Young Protoplanetary Disk by a Magnetic Disk Wind
• exoALMA IV: Substructures, Asymmetries, and the Faint Outer Disk in Continuum Emission
• Solving grain size inconsistency between ALMA polarization and VLA continuum in the Ophiuchus IRS 48 protoplanetary disk
• The TW Hya Rosetta Stone Project II: Spatially resolved emission of formaldehyde hints at low-temperature gas-phase formation
• Time-resolved photometry of the young dipper RX J1604.3-2130A: Unveiling the structure and mass transport through the innermost disk
• A new method for direct measurement of isotopologue ratios in protoplanetary disks: a case study of the ${}^{12}$CO/${}^{13}$CO ratio in the TW Hya disk
• ALMA Observations of the Asymmetric Dust Disk around DM Tau
• Flyby-induced misalignments in planet-hosting discs
• Discovery of New Dipper Stars with K2: A Window into the Inner Disk Region of T Tauri Stars
• The structural properties of classical bulges and discs from z~2
• Stellar Oblateness versus Distant Giants in Exciting Kepler Planet Mutual Inclinations
• Asymmetric mid-plane gas in ALMA images of HD~100546
• Star-disk interactions in multi-band photometric monitoring of the classical T Tauri star GI Tau
• Determining mass limits around HD163296 through SPHERE direct imaging data
• An Observational Study for Grain Dynamics in the AS 209 Disk with Submillimeter Polarization
• Multi-epoch monitoring of the AA Tau like star V354 Mon - Indications for a low gas-to-dust ratio in the inner disk warp
• An UXor among FUors: extinction related brightness variations of the young eruptive star V582 Aur
• The protoplanetary system HD 100546 in H$\alpha$ polarized light from SPHERE/ZIMPOL. A bar-like structure across the disk gap?
• Pebble accretion in class 0/I YSOs as a possible pathway for early planet formation
• A Search for Spatially Resolved Infrared Ro-Vibrational Molecular Hydrogen Emission from the Disks of Young Stars
• Effects of Ringed Structures and Dust Size Growth on Millimeter Observations of Protoplanetary Disks
• Chemical signatures of a warped protoplanetary disc
• A UV-to-NIR Study of Molecular Gas in the Dust Cavity Around RY Lupi
• Planetesimals Around Stars with TESS (PAST): I. Transient Dimming of a Binary Solar Analog at the End of the Planet Accretion Era
• Mass-accretion, spectral, and photometric properties of T Tauri stars in Taurus based on TESS and LAMOST
• Eccentric gap induced by a super-Jupiter mass planet
• On the Dust Signatures Induced by Eccentric Super-Earths in Protoplanetary Disks
• Planet gap opening across stellar masses
• Properties of Density and Velocity Gaps Induced by a Planet in a Protoplanetary Disk
• Nonlinear resonant torus oscillations as a model of Keplerian disc warp dynamics
• An asymmetric dust ring around a very low mass star ZZ Tau IRS
• H${}_2$S observations in young stellar disks in Taurus
• Modelling the Spatial Distribution and Origin of CO Gas in Debris Disks
• High-Resolution Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of GV Tau N: Surface Accretion and Detection of Ammonia in a Young Protoplanetary Disk
• On the incidence of episodic accretion in Class I YSOs from VVV
• A General Origin for Multi-Planetary Systems With Significantly Misaligned USP Planets
• First detections of H13CO+ and HC15N in the disk around HD 97048: Evidence for a cold gas reservoir in the outer disk
• CLIcK: a Continuum and Line fItting Kit for circumstellar disks
• The Radial Distribution and Excitation of H2 around Young Stars in the HST-ULLYSES Survey
• Probing UV-Sensitive Pathways for CN and HCN Formation in Protoplanetary Disks with the Hubble Space Telescope
• Mutual inclinations between giant planets and their debris discs in HD 113337 and HD 38529
• ALMA High-resolution Multiband Analysis for the Protoplanetary Disk around TW Hya
• Gas accretion within the dust cavity in AB Aur
• Lyman-alpha Scattering Models Trace Accretion and Outflow Kinematics in T Tauri Systems
• UV Fluorescence Traces Gas and LyA Evolution in Protoplanetary Disks
• ALMA observation of the protoplanetary disk around WW Cha: faint double-peaked ring and asymmetric structure
• Ejection processes in the young open cluster NGC 2264. A study of the [OI]λ6300 emission line
• Distributions of gas and small and large grains in the LkH$\alpha 330$ disk trace a young planetary system
• Asymmetric Signatures of Warps in Edge-on Disks
• ALMA Observations of the Inner Cavity in the Protoplanetary Disk around Sz 84
• A Large Double-ring Disk around the Taurus M Dwarf J04124068+2438157
• Kinematical signatures: Distinguishing between warps and radial flows
• Simulation of the Free Fall of a Gas Stream on a Protoplanetary Disk
• Time variability in the bipolar scattered light nebula of L1527 IRS: A possible warped inner disk
• Evidence of a Disk-wind Origin for Fluorescent H${}_2$ in Classical T Tauri Stars
• The potential of combining MATISSE and ALMA observations: Constraining the structure of the innermost region in protoplanetary discs
• Photometric variability of the pre-main sequence stars towards the Sh 2-190 region
• NGTS clusters survey IV. Search for Dipper stars in the Orion Nebular Cluster
• HD 143006: Interferometric Confirmation of Misaligned Protoplanetary Disc with CHARA/MIRCX and VLTI/PIONIER
• Linear Analysis of the Nonaxisymmetric Secular Gravitational Instability
• Probing inner and outer disk misalignments in transition disks
• A study of the photometric and spectroscopic variations of the prototypical FU Orionis-type star V1057 Cyg
• exoALMA XXIII. Estimating Disk and Planet Properties from Dust Morphologies with DBNets2.0
• Understanding Accretion Variability Through TESS Observations of Taurus
• Scattered light signatures of flyby-induced warps in protoplanetary discs