Ringed Substructure and a Gap at 1 AU in the Nearest Protoplanetary Disk

Abstract

We present long-baseline Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the 870 micron continuum emission from the nearest gas-rich protoplanetary disk, around TW Hya, that trace millimeter-sized particles down to spatial scales as small as 1 AU (20 mas). These data reveal a series of concentric ring-shaped substructures in the form of bright zones and narrow dark annuli (1-6 AU) with modest contrasts (5-30%). We associate these features with concentrations of solids that have had their inward radial drift slowed or stopped, presumably at local gas pressure maxima. No significant non-axisymmetric structures are detected. Some of the observed features occur near temperatures that may be associated with the condensation fronts of major volatile species, but the relatively small brightness contrasts may also be a consequence of magnetized disk evolution (the so-called zonal flows). Other features, particularly a narrow dark annulus located only 1 AU from the star, could indicate interactions between the disk and young planets. These data signal that ordered substructures on ~AU scales can be common, fundamental factors in disk evolution, and that high resolution microwave imaging can help characterize them during the epoch of planet formation.

published in Astrophysical Journal Letters; image files are available at http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~sandrews/data/twhya/

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• Planetesimal formation via the streaming instability with multiple grain sizes
• Warping Away Gravitational Instabilities in Protoplanetary Discs
• Space-Based Coronagraphic Imaging Polarimetry of the TW Hydrae Disk: Shedding New Light on Self-Shadowing Effects
• Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk) XVI: An asymmetric dust disk driving a multi-component molecular outflow in the young Class 0 protostar GSS30 IRS3
• Regularized Maximum Likelihood Image Synthesis and Validation for ALMA Continuum Observations of Protoplanetary Disks
• CO isotopolog line fluxes of viscously evolving disks: cold CO conversion insufficient to explain observed low fluxes
• Influences of protoplanet-induced three-dimensional gas flow on pebble accretion $\mathrm{I}\mathrm{I}$. Headwind regime
• A millimeter-multiwavelength continuum study of VLA 1623 West
• ALMA High-resolution Multiband Analysis for the Protoplanetary Disk around TW Hya
• DPNNet-2.0 Part I: Finding hidden planets from simulated images of protoplanetary disk gaps
• Ring Formation in Protoplanetary Disks Driven by an Eccentric Instability
• A Machine Learning model to infer planet masses from gaps observed in protoplanetary disks
• A brief overview of planet formation
• Stellar winds as a mechanism to tilt the spin axes of Sun-like stars
• On the origin of wide-orbit ALMA planets: giant protoplanets disrupted by their cores
• Turbulent Disk Viscosity and the Bifurcation of Planet Formation Histories
• Hydrodynamic ablation of protoplanetary disks via supernovae
• Residual Gas & Dust Around Transition Objects and Weak T Tauri Stars
• On the Origin of Banded Structure in Dusty Protoplanetary Discs: HL Tau and TW Hya
• Using Bayesian Deep Learning to infer Planet Mass from Gaps in Protoplanetary Disks
• Search for substellar-mass companions and asymmetries in their parent discs
• Circumstellar discs: What will be next?
• Chemical enrichment of the planet forming region as probed by accretion
• Can chondrules be produced by the interaction of Jupiter with the protosolar disk?
• Giant planet migration during the disc dispersal phase
• Do all gaps in protoplanetary discs host planets?
• Circumstellar dust distribution in systems with two planets in resonance
• Photoevaporation Does Not Create a Pileup of Giant Planets at 1 AU
• ALMA Band-to-band Phase Referencing: Imaging Capabilities on Long Baselines and High Frequencies
• The gas disk: Evolution and chemistry
• The Synthetic ALMA Multiband Analysis of the Dust Properties of the TW Hya Protoplanetary Disk
• Long-Term Dynamics of Planetesimals in Planetary Chaotic Zones
• A transitional disk around an intermediate mass star in the sparse population of the Orion OB1 Association
• Constraints on a Putative Planet Sculpting the V4046 Sagittarii Circumbinary Disk
• The Ophiuchus DIsk Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA): A Unified Evolutionary Sequence of Planet-Driven Substructures Explaining the Diversity of Disk Morphologies
• Testing photoevaporation and MHD disk wind models through future high-angular resolution radio observations: the case of TW Hydrae
• A smoothed particle hydrodynamics algorithm for multigrain dust with separate sets of particles
• The origin of the occurrence rate profile of gas giants inside 100 days
• Multi-frequency analysis of the ALMA and VLA high resolution continuum observations of the substructured disc around CI Tau. Preference for sub-mm-sized low-porosity amorphous carbon grains
• A study of accretion and disk diagnostics in the NGC 2264 cluster
• On the methanol emission detection in the TW Hya disc: the role of grain surface chemistry and non-LTE excitation
• Hidden under a warm blanket: If planets existed in protostellar disks, they would hardly produce observable substructures
• Emerging population of gap-opening planets around type-A stars -- Long-term evolution of the forming planets around HD 163296
• Testing planet formation from the ultraviolet to the millimeter
• From traffic jams to roadblocks: The outer regions of TW Hya with ALMA Band 8
• The paradox of youth for ALMA planet candidates
• Simulations of Small Solid Accretion onto Planetesimals in the Presence of Gas
• Stability of Dusty Rings in Protoplanetary Discs
• Gaps in Protoplanetary Disks as Signatures of Planets: III. Polarization
• Radial variations in nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen fractionation in the PDS 70 planet-hosting disk
• Planet formation: key mechanisms and global models
• Protoplanetary disk insights from the first ERIS/APP survey at 4 μm
• Planetesimal Growth in Evolving Protoplanetary Disks: Constraints from the Pebble Supply
• Time variability in the bipolar scattered light nebula of L1527 IRS: A possible warped inner disk
• Continuing to Hide Signatures of Gravitational Instability in Protoplanetary Discs with Planets
• Planetesimal formation by the gravitational instability of dust ring structures
• Observable scattered light features from inclined and non-inclined planets embedded in protoplanetary discs
• The potential of combining MATISSE and ALMA observations: Constraining the structure of the innermost region in protoplanetary discs
• New Mid-Infrared Imaging Constraints on Companions and Protoplanetary Disks around six Young Stars
• A near-infrared, optical and ultraviolet polarimetric and timing investigation of complex equatorial dusty structures
• Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) III: Characteristics of Radial Chemical Substructures
• The protoplanetary disc of HD 163296 as observed by ALMA
• Single Fluid vs. Multifluid: Comparison between single fluid and multifluid dust models for disc planet interactions
• Timescales diagnostics for saving viscous and MHD-driven dusty discs from external photoevaporation
• The Influences of Forming Companions on the Spectral Energy Distributions of Stars with Circumstellar Discs
• Astrophysical Russian Dolls
• Searching for planet-driven dust spirals in ALMA visibilities
• Nearby Young Stars and Young Moving Groups
• Science with MATISSE
• The VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Orion Protostars VI. Insights from Radiative Transfer Modeling
• Gas and Dust Shadows in the TW Hydrae Disk
• The Effects of Disk Induced Apsidal Precession on Planets Captured into Mean Motion Resonance
• Linking Outer Disk Pebble Dynamics and Gaps to Inner Disk Water Enrichment
• Collision rates of planetesimals near mean-motion resonances
• First Detection of HC5N in a Class II Disk around TW Hya
• Setting the Stage: The Early History of the Solar System
• The Dispersal of Planet-forming discs: Theory confronts Observations
• Witnessing Planetary Systems in the Making with the Next Generation Very Large Array
• Tracing The Physical Conditions of Planet Formation with Molecular Excitation
• A VLA View of the Flared, Asymmetric Disk Around the Class 0 Protostar L1527 IRS