Magnetic fields in circumstellar disks: The potential of Zeeman observations

Abstract

Context. Recent high angular resolution polarimetric continuum observations of circumstellar disks provide new insights into their magnetic field. However, direct constraints are limited to the plane of sky component of the magnetic field. Observations of Zeeman split spectral lines are a potential approach to enhance these insights by providing complementary information. Aims. We investigate which constraints for magnetic fields in circumstellar disks can be obtained from Zeeman observations of the $113\mathrm{GHz}$ CN lines. Furthermore, we analyze the requirements to perform these observations and their dependence on selected quantities. Methods. We simulate the Zeeman splitting with the radiative transfer (RT) code POLARIS (Reissl et al. 2016) extended by our Zeeman splitting RT extension ZRAD (Brauer et al. 2017), which is based on the line RT code Mol3D (Ober et al. 2015). Results. We find that Zeeman observations of the $113\mathrm{GHz}$ CN lines provide significant insights into the magnetic field of circumstellar disks. However, with the capabilities of recent and upcoming instrument/observatories, even spatially unresolved observations would be challenging. Nevertheless, these observations are feasible for the most massive disks with a strong magnetic field and high abundance of CN/H. The most restrictive quantity is the magnetic field strength, which should be at least in the order of $\sim 1\mathrm{mG}$. In addition, the inclination of the disk should be around $60°$ to preserve the ability to derive the line-of-sight (LOS) magnetic field strength and to obtain a sufficiently high circularly polarized flux.

arXiv comment15 pages, 14 figures

References in corpus (34)

• Dust Grain Size Distributions and Extinction in the Milky Way, LMC, and SMC
• An atomic and molecular database for analysis of submillimetre line observations
• Interpreting Spectral Energy Distributions from Young Stellar Objects. II. Fitting observed SEDs using a large grid of pre-computed models
• Circumstellar Dust Disks in Taurus-Auriga: The Submillimeter Perspective
• Ringed Substructure and a Gap at 1 AU in the Nearest Protoplanetary Disk
• Gaps, Rings, and Non-Axisymmetric Structures in Protoplanetary Disks - From Simulations to ALMA Observations
• Probing the structure of protoplanetary disks: a comparative study of DM Tau, LkCa 15 and MWC 480
• Magnetic Fields in Dark Cloud Cores: Arecibo OH Zeeman Observations
• Magnetic Fields in High-Mass Infrared Dark Clouds
• The Coevality of Young Binary Systems
• Radiative transfer with POLARIS: I. Analysis of magnetic fields through synthetic dust continuum polarization measurements
• Dead Zone Accretion Flows in Protostellar Disks
• Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems (FEPS): Primordial Warm Dust Evolution From 3-30 Myr around Sun-like Stars
• Testing Magnetic Star Formation Theory
• Magnetized Accretion and Dead Zones in Protostellar Disks
• 3D Radiation Non-ideal Magnetohydrodynamical Simulations Of The Inner Rim In Protoplanetary Disks
• The Structure of the Evolved Circumbinary Disk around V4046 Sgr
• Truncated Disks in TW Hya Association Multiple Star Systems
• Turbulence in weakly-ionized proto-planetary disks
• NICMOS Images of the GG Tau Circumbinary Disk
• Dust Emission from Herbig Ae/Be stars - Evidence for Disks and Envelopes
• Chemistry in Disks. V: CN and HCN in proto-planetary disks
• The Magnetic Field in the Class 0 Protostellar Disk of L1527
• Fossil magnetic field of accretion disks of young stars
• An Ordered Magnetic Field in the Protoplanetary Disk of AB Aur Revealed by Mid-Infrared Polarimetry
• The impact of non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics on binary star formation
• Magnetic fields in protoplanetary disks: from MHD simulations to ALMA observations
• Tracing planet-induced structures in circumstellar disks using molecular lines
• CN Zeeman and dust polarization in a high-mass cold clump
• Magnetic fields in molecular clouds: Limitations of the analysis of Zeeman observations
• Large-scale magnetic fields in Bok globules
• Tracing the ISM magnetic field morphology: The potential of multi-wavelength polarization measurements
• On the origins of polarization holes in Bok globules
• Large-scale magnetic field in the accretion discs of young stars: the influence of magnetic diffusion, buoyancy and Hall effect

Cited by in corpus (26)

• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): II. Characteristics of Annular Substructures
• Observations of Protoplanetary Disk Structures
• Interferometric observations of magnetic fields in forming stars
• ALMA observations of polarization from dust scattering in the IM Lup protoplanetary disk
• Global Hydromagnetic Simulations of Protoplanetary Disks with Stellar Irradiation and Simplified Thermochemistry
• Global Three-Dimensional Simulations of Outer Protoplanetary Disks with Ambipolar Diffusion
• Dust Polarization Toward Embedded Protostars in Ophiuchus with ALMA. III. Survey Overview
• Review of Zeeman Effect Observations of Regions of Star Formation
• Global simulations of self-gravitating magnetized protoplanetary disks
• Seeding the Formation of Mercurys: An Iron-sensitive Bouncing Barrier in Disk Magnetic Fields
• Gravitoturbulent dynamos in astrophysical discs
• WARPFIELD Population Synthesis: The physics of (extra-)Galactic star formation and feedback driven cloud structure and emission from sub-to-kpc scales
• Radiative transfer with POLARIS. II.: Modeling of synthetic Galactic synchrotron observations
• A systematic study of radiative torque grain alignment in the diffuse interstellar medium
• Composition and Size Dependent Sorting in Preplanetary Growth: Seeding the Formation of Mercury-like Planets
• Synthetic observations of spiral arm tracers of a simulated Milky Way analog
• Magnetic fields in star-forming systems (II): examining dust polarization, the Zeeman effect, and the Faraday rotation measure as magnetic field tracers
• First MATISSE L-band observations of HD 179218. Is the inner 10 au region rich in carbon dust particles?
• Linear Stability Analysis of a Magnetic Rotating Disk with Ohmic Dissipation and Ambipolar Diffusion
• The Curie line in protoplanetary disks and the formation of Mercury-like planets
• Cosmic radiation does not prevent collisional charging in (Pre)-Planetary Atmospheres
• Selective Aggregation Experiments on Planetesimal Formation and Mercury-Like Planets
• Characterization of mid-infrared polarization due to scattering in protoplanetary disks
• A stochastic and analytical model of hierarchical fragmentation: The fragmentation of gas structures into young stellar objects in the interstellar medium
• Protoplanetary disks around magnetized young stars with large-scale magnetic fields I: Steady-state solutions
• History of the Solar Nebula from Meteorite Paleomagnetism