Global Simulations of the Inner Regions of Protoplanetary Disks with Comprehensive Disk Microphysics

Abstract

The gas dynamics of weakly ionized protoplanetary disks (PPDs) is largely governed by the coupling between gas and magnetic fields, described by three non-ideal magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) effects (Ohmic, Hall, ambipolar). Previous local simulations incorporating these processes have revealed that the inner regions of PPDs are largely laminar accompanied by wind-driven accretion. We conduct 2D axisymmetric, fully global MHD simulations of these regions ($\sim 1-20$ AU), taking into account all non-ideal MHD effects, with tabulated diffusion coefficients and approximate treatment of external ionization and heating. With net vertical field aligned with disk rotation, the Hall-shear instability strongly amplifies horizontal magnetic field, making the overall dynamics dependent on initial field configuration. Following disk formation, the disk likely relaxes into an inner zone characterized by asymmetric field configuration across the midplane that smoothly transitions to a more symmetric outer zone. Angular momentum transport is driven by both MHD winds and laminar Maxwell stress, with both accretion and decretion flows present at different heights, and modestly asymmetric winds from the two disk sides. With anti-aligned field polarity, weakly magnetized disks settle into an asymmetric field configuration with supersonic accretion flow concentrated at one side of disk surface, and highly asymmetric winds between the two disk sides. In all cases, the wind is magneto-thermal in nature characterized by mass loss rate exceeding the accretion rate. More strongly magnetized disks give more symmetric field configuration and flow structures. Deeper far-UV penetration leads to stronger and less stable outflows. Implications for observations and planet formation are also discussed.

32 pages, 22 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (34)

• Athena: A New Code for Astrophysical MHD
• Protoplanetary Disk Structures in Ophiuchus
• Spiral Density Waves in a Young Protoplanetary Disk
• An Unsplit Godunov Method for Ideal MHD via Constrained Transport in Three Dimensions
• Global simulations of protoplanetary disks with ohmic resistivity and ambipolar diffusion
• Dust size distributions in coagulation/fragmentation equilibrium: Numerical solutions and analytical fits
• Magnetic fields in protoplanetary disks
• MHD simulations of jet acceleration from Keplerian accretion disks: the effects of disk resistivity
• Hall-effect Controlled Gas Dynamics in Protoplanetary Disks: II. Full 3D Simulations toward the Outer Disk
• Heat and Dust in Active Layers of Protostellar Disks
• Radiation Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Protostellar Collapse: Non-Ideal Magnetohydrodynamic Effects and Early Formation of Circumstellar Disks
• The Coupled Physical Structure of Gas and Dust in the IM Lup Protoplanetary Disk
• Resolved images of a protostellar outflow launched by an extended disk wind
• Dead Zone Accretion Flows in Protostellar Disks
• Convective Overstability in radially stratified accretion disks under thermal relaxation
• Crystalline silicates and dust processing in the protoplanetary disks of the Taurus young cluster
• Direct detection of scattered light gaps in the transitional disk around HD 97048 with VLT/SPHERE
• Vertical shear instability in accretion disc models with radiation transport
• Properties of gravitoturbulent accretion disks
• Tracing Slow Winds from T Tauri Stars via Low Velocity Forbidden Line Emission
• Two-Dimensional Transport of Solids in Viscous Protoplanetary Disks
• On the Linear Stability of Weakly-Ionized, Magnetized Planar Shear Flows
• Convective overstability in accretion disks: 3D linear analysis and nonlinear saturation
• 3D Radiation Non-ideal Magnetohydrodynamical Simulations Of The Inner Rim In Protoplanetary Disks
• Multiple rings in the transition disk and companion candidates around RXJ1615.3-3255. High contrast imaging with VLT/SPHERE
• X-Shooter spectroscopy of young stellar objects: V - Slow winds in T Tauri stars
• Hall-effect Mediated Magnetic Flux Transport in Protoplanetary Disks
• Turbulent transport and its effect on the dead zone in protoplanetary discs
• Global evolution of the magnetic field in a thin disc and its consequences for protoplanetary systems
• ALMA Observations of the T Tauri Binary System AS 205: Evidence for Molecular Winds and/or Binary Interactions
• Grand challenges in protoplanetary disc modelling
• Ionization and Dust Charging in Protoplanetary Disks
• The Nonlinear Ohm's Law: Plasma Heating by Strong Electric Fields and its Effects on the Ionization Balance in Protoplanetary Disks
• The Influence of Magnetic Field Geometry on the Formation of Close-in Exoplanets

Cited by in corpus (99)

• Formation of planetary systems by pebble accretion and migration: How the radial pebble flux determines a terrestrial-planet or super-Earth growth mode
• Bifurcation of planetary building blocks during Solar System formation
• Formation of planetary systems by pebble accretion and migration: Growth of gas giants
• Microlensing Results Challenge the Core Accretion Runaway Growth Scenario for Gas Giants
• A systematic description of wind-driven protoplanetary discs
• Temperature Structure in the Inner Regions of Protoplanetary Disks: Inefficient Accretion Heating Controlled by Nonideal Magnetohydrodynamics
• Global Hydromagnetic Simulations of Protoplanetary Disks with Stellar Irradiation and Simplified Thermochemistry
• Ring formation and dust dynamics in wind-driven protoplanetary discs: global simulations
• Global Three-Dimensional Simulations of Outer Protoplanetary Disks with Ambipolar Diffusion
• How dust fragmentation may be beneficial to planetary growth by pebble accretion
• Spontaneous ring formation in wind-emitting accretion discs
• The impact of the Hall effect during cloud core collapse:implications for circumstellar disk evolution
• On the coexistence of the streaming instability and the vertical shear instability in protoplanetary disks
• Constraining MHD disk winds with ALMA. Apparent rotation signatures and application to HH212
• Dry or water world? How the water contents of inner sub-Neptunes constrain giant planet formation and the location of the water ice line
• Formation of moon systems around giant planets: Capture and ablation of planetesimals as foundation for a pebble accretion scenario
• Photoevaporative Dispersal of Protoplanetary Disks around Evolving Intermediate-mass Stars
• Global Simulations of the Vertical Shear Instability with Non-ideal Magnetohydrodynamical Effects
• Disk Formation in Magnetized Dense Cores with Turbulence and Ambipolar Diffusion
• First Detection of Interaction between a Magnetic Disk Wind and an Episodic Jet in a Protostellar System
• Three-dimensional Global Simulations of Type-II Planet-disk Interaction with a Magnetized Disk Wind: I. Magnetic Flux Concentration and Gap Properties
• Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) XVI: Characterizing the impact of the molecular wind on the evolution of the HD 163296 system
• Modeling the delivery of dust from discs to ionized winds
• Evolution of the Water Snow Line in Magnetically Accreting Protoplanetary Disks
• Dynamical Gaseous Rings in Global Simulations of Protoplanetary Disk Formation
• The impact of non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic processes on discs, outflows, counter-rotation and magnetic walls during the early stages of star formation
• Low-mass planet migration in three dimensional wind-driven inviscid discs: a negative corotation torque
• Paleomagnetic evidence for a disk substructure in the early solar system
• Support for fragile porous dust in a gravitationally self-regulated disk around IM Lup
• Dust entrainment in photoevaporative winds: The impact of X-rays
• Photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs with PLUTO+PRIZMO I. Lower X-ray-driven mass-loss rates due to enhanced cooling
• N-body simulations of planet formation via pebble accretion II. How various giant planets form
• Turbulence in outer protoplanetary disks: MRI or VSI?
• Impact of Differential Dust Settling on the SED and Polarization: Application to the Inner Region of the HL Tau Disk
• Formation of Dust Rings and Gaps in Non-ideal MHD Disks Through Meridional Gas Flows
• Global axisymmetric simulations of photoevaporation and magnetically driven protoplanetary disk winds
• Collisions and compositional variability in chondrule-forming events
• High-resolution [O I] line spectral mapping of TW Hya supportive of a magnetothermal wind
• Which planets trigger longer-lived vortices: low-mass or high-mass?
• Impact of Local Pressure Enhancements on Dust Concentration inTurbulent Protoplanetary Discs
• Do we need non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics to model protostellar discs?
• Dust entrainment in magnetically and thermally driven disk winds
• On the Vertical Shear Instability in Magnetized Protoplanetary Disks
• Impact of magneto-rotational instability on grain growth in protoplanetary disks: I. Relevant turbulence properties
• New growth mechanism of dust grains in protoplanetary disks with magnetically driven disk winds
• Electric heating and angular momentum transport in laminar models of protoplanetary disks
• Launching the asymmetric bipolar jet of DO Tau
• Determining dispersal mechanisms of protoplanetary disks using accretion and wind mass loss rates
• Dynamics Near the Inner Dead-Zone Edges in a Proprotoplanetary Disk
• Migrating Low-Mass Planets in Inviscid Dusty Protoplanetary Discs
• Observationally derived magnetic field strength and 3D components in the HD 142527 disk
• Streaming instabilities in accreting and magnetized laminar protoplanetary disks
• The Roles of Dust Growth in the Temperature Evolution and Snow Line Migration in Magnetically Accreting Protoplanetary Disks
• On the time evolution of the $M_{\mathrm{d}}-M_{\star }$ and $\dot{M}-M_{\star }$ correlations for protoplanetary discs: the viscous timescale increases with stellar mass
• Modeling JWST MIRI-MRS Observations of T Cha: Mid-IR Noble Gas Emission Tracing a Dense Disk Wind
• Wide Dust Gaps in Protoplanetary Disks Induced by Eccentric Planets: A Mass-Eccentricity Degeneracy
• High-Resolution Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of GV Tau N: Surface Accretion and Detection of Ammonia in a Young Protoplanetary Disk
• Solving for the 2D Water Snowline with Hydrodynamic Simulations. Emergence of gas outflow, water cycle and temperature plateau
• MHD simulations of the formation and propagation of protostellar jets to observational length scales
• Cosmic-ray ionization rate in protoplanetary disks with sheared magnetic fields
• Inner dusty regions of protoplanetary discs -- II. Dust dynamics driven by radiation pressure and disc winds
• Can Large-Scale Migration Explain the Giant Planet Occurrence Rate?
• Local semi-analytic models of magnetic flux transport in protoplanetary discs
• Growth of Magnetorotational Instability in Circumstellar Disks around Class 0 Protostars
• Chemical network reduction in protoplanetary disks
• Dust Transport in Protoplanetary Disks with Wind-driven Accretion
• Three-dimensional magnetic field imaging of protoplanetary disks using Zeeman broadening and linear polarization observations
• Electron Heating and Saturation of Self-regulating Magnetorotational Instability in Protoplanetary Disks
• Nonlinear evolution of streaming instabilities in accreting protoplanetary disks
• The Generalized Nonlinear Ohm's Law: How a Strong Electric Field Influences Non-ideal MHD Effects in Dusty Protoplanetary Disks
• Turbulent Transport of Dust Particles in Protostellar Disks: The Effect of Upstream Diffusion
• Radiative Nonideal MHD Simulations of Inner Protoplanetary Disks: Temperature Structures, Asymmetric Winds, and Episodic Surface Accretion
• Study of the bipolar jet of the YSO Th 28 with VLT/SINFONI: Jet morphology and H${}_2$ emission
• Global magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the inner regions of protoplanetary discs. I. Zero-net flux regime
• The interplay between forming planets and photo-evaporating discs I: Forbidden line diagnostics
• Photoevaporation Can Reproduce Extended ${\mathrm{H}}_2$ Emission from Protoplanetary Disks Imaged by JWST MIRI
• Dynamics of small grains in transitional discs
• Origin of hydrodynamic instability from noise: from laboratory flow to accretion disk
• Forbidden Emission Line spectro-imaging of the RU Lupi jet and Low Velocity Component
• On the formation of multiple dust-trapping rings in the inner Solar system
• Forced linear shear flows with rotation: rotating Couette-Poiseuille flow, its stability and astrophysical implications
• Hydrodynamical instability with noise in the Keplerian accretion discs: Modified Landau equation
• Long-term evolution of the temperature structure in magnetized protoplanetary disks and its implication for the dichotomy of planetary composition
• Investigating the asymmetry of young stellar outflows: Combined MUSE-X-shooter study of the Th 28 jet
• Co-evolution of dust grains and protoplanetary disks II: structure and evolution of protoplanetary disks; an analytical approach
• Three-dimensional, Time-dependent MHD Simulation of Disk-Magnetosphere-Stellar Wind Interaction in a T Tauri, Protoplanetary System
• Rossby wave instability in weakly ionized protoplanetary disks. II. radial B-fields
• Enhanced Pebble Drift Across Planet-Opened Gaps in Windy Protoplanetary Disks
• Photoevaporation from Inner Protoplanetary Disks Confronted with Observations
• Observability of the Vertical Shear Instability in protoplanetary disk CO kinematics
• Global magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the inner regions of protoplanetary discs. II. Vertical-net-flux regime
• Thermally driven spontaneous dust accumulation in the inner regions of protoplanetary disks
• Wind-MRI interactions in local models of protoplanetary discs: I. Ohmic resistivity
• Heavy element enrichment of gas in surface-accretion disks: A possible origin of the mass-metallicity anti-correlation in exoplanets
• Global Non-ideal Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Protoplanetary Disks with Outer Truncation
• History of the Solar Nebula from Meteorite Paleomagnetism
• Revealing magnetic field structure at the surfaces of protoplanetary disks via near-infrared circular polarization
• Modelling the secular evolution of proto-planetary disc dust sizes -- A comparison between the viscous and magnetic wind case
• Streaming instabilities in accreting protoplanetary disks: A parameter study